Educational-thematic excursions: development and design. Thesis: Development of a tourist-excursion route "Penza-Radishchevo" Development of an excursion route to sights of economic importance

A tour is a methodically thought-out display of places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, a display based on an analysis of the objects that are in front of the eyes of the tourists, as well as the events associated with them. The essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of learning about the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects that are in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, etc. For a more detailed look at what excursion activity is, it is necessary to give a conceptual basis for the foundations of this activity.

The tour is:

  • 1) the process of visual cognition of the surrounding world: the features of nature, the current and historical situation, the elements of everyday life, i.e. attractions of a certain city or region - pre-selected objects that are studied at their location;
  • 2) a thematic route to visit places of interest and places.

The tour has its own characteristics (elements):

length of time (from one academic hour to one day);

the presence of sightseers (groups or individuals);

the presence of a guide conducting the tour;

display of sightseeing objects, the primacy of visual impressions;

the movement of the participants of the excursion along a pre-compiled route;

the purposefulness of showing objects, the guide's story, the presence of a specific topic.

Tourist is:

  • 1) a temporary visitor who stays less than 24 hours in the country or at the site of visit;
  • 2) subject, participant of the excursion.

Scheme 1 Elements of the tour

Of course, the actual conduct of the tour is preceded by a lot of work. First of all, the leading subtopic of the excursion is determined - a kind of compositional center around which the entire story of the excursion is built. Next comes the stage of selection and formation of the material and content of the excursion.

Preparation new excursion goes through two main steps:

  • 1. preliminary work - selection of materials for a new excursion, their study, selection of objects on which it will be built;
  • 2. direct development of the excursion itself - compilation excursion route, processing the actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of subtopics and several main questions included in each of them; writing control text; work on the methodology; selection of the most effective methodological methods of showing and telling during the tour; preparation of methodological development of a new excursion.

The relationship of these two steps for newly prepared excursions is almost always the same. About half of the time members of the creative team spend on collecting materials and selecting objects. In some cases, more time is spent on preliminary work.

The method of conducting an excursion is understood as a set of techniques that form the basis of the work of a guide during an excursion.

The concept includes:

general methodology, i.e. the whole system of methodological techniques of showing and telling, independent of the topic of the excursion, the composition of the group and other factors;

private methodology, that is, the concretization of methodological techniques in relation to the features of a particular excursion route.

Methodology or techniques:

time association;

unity association;

object inspection;

observation method.

It is quite natural that the method of excursion business is in constant development in accordance with the development of the social system, culture and personality. The classification of excursions has also undergone changes.

The basis of the classification proposed by one of the founders of the excursion business B.E. Raikov more than fifty years ago, six main signs of division were put. These signs contained the main directions and content of the excursion work of that time.

These are the following signs:

by duration: one-day, one-day with an overnight stay, multi-day;

by volume: on one production topic, on several related topics, integrated or complex;

on assignment: research type, illustrative type;

by logical construction: analytical, synthetic;

according to the composition of participants: school, preschool, extracurricular.

There are currently no multi-day tours available. It also became inappropriate to divide excursions into analytical and synthetic ones. Analysis and synthesis are used in every excursion. The division by composition of participants has become more difficult.

The modern classification of excursions is based on the division on the following grounds: content, composition of participants, venue, mode of transportation, form of conduct.

review;

thematic.

Sightseeing tours are usually multi-dark. They use modern and historical material. They are built on the display of various objects: historical and cultural monuments, buildings and structures, natural objects, places of significant events, elements of the city, industrial and agricultural enterprises, etc. The events are described as " close-up". This gives a general idea of ​​the city, region, state as a whole. At the same time, the chronological framework extends from the first mention of the city to the present day, including development prospects.

Thematic tours are devoted to the disclosure of one topic. If this is a historical theme, then it is based on one or more significant events united by one theme. If this is an excursion on an architectural theme, then the most interesting works of architecture, architectural ensembles located on the streets and squares of the city.

Thematic tours are divided into six groups:

1. historical - are divided into:

local history;

archaeological;

ethnographic;

military historical.

2. production - are divided into:

production and economic;

production and historical;

production and technical;

production orientation (for students).

  • 3. natural history
  • 4. art history - are divided into:

theatrical;

historical and museum (sculptures);

museum (showing art galleries, museums, exhibition halls);

5. literary

literary and biographical;

historical and literary, showing certain periods in the development of literature);

literary and artistic, i.e. in the places described in the works;

architectural and urban planning, having their objects of architectural monuments, new buildings.

According to the composition of the participants, the excursions are divided into:

adult audience and children;

local population and visiting tourists;

urban and rural population;

organized groups and individuals.

According to the location of the tour are divided into:

urban;

country;

production;

museum.

By way of travel:

pedestrian;

transport;

excursion objects (the story is made in the direction of the vehicle).

According to the form:

excursion-extras, when there is movement on several buses, it is possible folklore holidays, festivals, etc.;

excursion-walk, while combining elements of knowledge with elements of relaxation;

excursion-lecture, while the story prevails over the show.

The excursion process performs many functions and tasks:

educational;

educational;

communicative.

Excursion as a process of cognition of the surrounding world, its objects, properties and relations is based on two forms of cognition: sensory and logical thinking.

Sensory knowledge is based on sensations, effects on the senses; perception - the totality of sensations, that is, the reflection in the human mind of the image of the object as a whole; representation - a sensually visual image of an object, stored in the mind and reproduced without the direct influence of the object itself.

Logical knowledge is thinking, during which a person compares, analyzes and synthesizes. The result is the formation of concepts - a set of judgments about the most essential features of an object.

Excursions as an effective form of education are actively used in the pedagogical process. Pedagogical objectives of the excursion:

build an excursion based on the maximum activity of tourists;

to stimulate the creative activity of the participants of the tour;

to equip with the skills of independent observation;

stimulate the skills of independent analysis of visual impressions.

Today, when interest in domestic tourism, the "soul" of which is excursions, has noticeably grown, the task for expert guides is to carefully comprehend all the functions assigned to this process, using the principles of a differentiated approach in their activities.


Scheme 2 Excursion as a process of cognition

The excursion technique is a set of specific methodological methods for conducting an excursion. It is connected with such concepts as story and show. To the question about the relationship between showing and telling in a guided tour, the methodology gives an unequivocal answer: from showing to telling. You should start with a show, (with visual) impressions, and then introduce a story. Excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

Excursion preparation method:

The general excursion methodology consists of two main sections:

  • a) preparation of the excursion;
  • b) conducting a tour.
  • 1. Preparing the excursion
  • - determination of the goals and topic of the excursion (the correct formulation of the goals of the excursion is of great importance. It determines the direction of the excursion, helps in the selection and coverage of the material. Determining the purpose of the excursion, one should, first of all, indicate its role in the process of project activities. (For example, to form an idea about finding buildings that survived during the destruction of the city, to determine the degree of preservation of historical objects.The topic of the excursion should correspond to the plan).
  • - definition of the objectives of the tour (for example, in the tour "Historical architectural monuments of the early twentieth century").
  • - study and accumulation of materials on the topic (museum and archive, library);
  • - organization of consultations with specialists (museum and archive workers, local historians);
  • - identification and specific study of excursion objects (there may be expositions of museums and exhibitions, historical and monuments and memorable places, as well as works of architecture and urban planning (residential and public buildings, industrial and transport facilities, Town Square, street, monument or monument, etc.).
  • - drawing up the route of the excursion (the route is built according to the following principles: chronological, thematic and complex);
  • - detour or detour of the route (detour or detour of the route is carried out in order to familiarize yourself with the route of movement, study and clarify excursion objects, determine the place of stops, approach them, select points of the excursion display, timing the transition time from one excursion object to another, to calculate the time conducting an excursion.To clarify the necessary information, you can invite a local history consultant);
  • - compiling the text of the excursion (working on the text allows you to carefully consider the material for the story, select the most important thing, outline the logical course of presentation of the material, summarize it more accurately, formulate it. The text should include an introduction and conclusion, contain a description of the objects and specific material disclosed by the guide. At the same time with the preparation of the text of the excursion, the authors prepare a brief annotation);
  • - compiling a "guide portfolio" (visual aids are made, to maximize the visual range of the excursion with emotional vivid material that can help the guide revive the story. Materials are selected in the form of photographs, diagrams, maps, according to literary sources, in expositions and funds of museums, at exhibitions, in archives, etc.);
  • - drawing up cards of excursion objects (as information about objects is collected, it is recommended to enter them into special cards, which will be a good reference material. The card should be filled out according to the following model:
    • 1. Card of the excursion object.
    • 2. Name of the excursion object.
    • 3. Location, address.
    • 4. Time of occurrence, discovery, construction.
    • 5. Author (for monuments of architecture, sculpture).
    • 6. External signs: style, characteristic.
    • 7. Appointment and use.
    • 8. Short story object. Its modern characteristics.

Projected changes:

Drawing up a methodological development of an excursion (a methodological development determines the topic, purpose of the excursion, route and objects, its duration, methodological methods of showing and telling, as well as the duration of the excursion. The volume of methodological development depends on the topic and duration of the excursions. As a rule, it should not exceed 6- 12 pages of typewritten text The structure of the methodological development of the excursion includes the following sections: description of the route of the excursion, calculation of time at stops and movement from one object to another, a list of excursion objects and organizational and guidelines.

Scheme 3 Sequence of excursion development

Conducting an excursion.

The technique of conducting is the ability to show the object and the ability to talk about the objects themselves and the events associated with them.

  • - display of excursion objects (locations excursion group and arrangement. Display means are used: verbal description and gestures, demonstration of visual aids);
  • - the guide's story (techniques: description or characterization of the object, explanation or commentary, literary montage, citation, emotional impact, conversation, research, comparison);
  • - the movement of the excursion (bypassing a building, climbing a mountain or an artificial structure not only allows you to more correctly imagine their size, height, etc., but also emotionally enrich and strengthen these ideas. Techniques: localization of events, comparisons);
  • - the culture of the guide's speech (should be grammatically correct, expressive, original, economical, accurate in presentation, expressiveness and originality of the language, a sense of confidence);
  • - contact of the guide with the group (favorable "psychological climate").

Techniques used on the tour:

analysis - mental division of the subject, isolation from the integral part for the purpose of deeper knowledge of the object;

synthesis - a mental connection of the parts of an object into one whole;

time association;

unity association;

verbal method (conversation, explanation, retelling, quoting, reading);

object inspection;

observation method.

Methodical methods of display:

  • 1. The preliminary inspection technique is used when the sightseers are at the monument and have already seen it (1.5-2 minutes).
  • 2. The reception of a panoramic display allows the tourists to observe a view of some area from a height.
  • 3. Reception of visual reconstruction is the restoration of the original appearance of a partially preserved object. This technique is used in excursions, where architectural monuments and buildings of the past are shown. The guide must “draw” such a picture so that a person gets a visual figurative representation of a monument or an event.
  • 4. The technique of abstraction is a mental process of separating any of its parts from the whole for the purpose of their abstract observation.
  • 5. The technique of visual comparison is based on the visual comparison of various objects or parts of one object. Comparison can be carried out both by similarity and by contrast.
  • 6. The technique of visual analogy is based on comparing a given object either with a photograph or drawing of another similar object, or with those objects that sightseers observed earlier.

Methodological methods of the story.

  • 1. Acceptance of the excursion information. The guide gives brief information about the object: the date of construction, the authors of the project, dimensions, purpose.
  • 2. The technique of characterization is based on the determination of the distinctive properties and qualities of an object, phenomenon, person.
  • 3. Acceptance of citation. They resort to quoting to confirm their thoughts, to preserve the peculiarities of the language and color of a certain historical period, to reproduce the picture of events, to familiarize themselves with authoritative opinion.
  • 4. Acceptance of questions and answers. The essence of the reception is to activate the listeners. The questions asked by the guide are divided into several types:

questions to which the guide himself gives answers;

questions of a historical nature, representing a statement in the form of a question;

questions answered by the tourists themselves.

Having considered the main theoretical aspects organization of excursion activities, in Chapter 2, we will analyze the activities of the travel company Millennium Tour LLC.

9th grade student Taryncheva Anastasia

Our city of Bolgar today is famous tourist town Tatarstan. Such places as the Bulgarian Architectural Museum-Reserve, the White Mosque, the Bread Museum attract not only Russian but also foreign tourists. But there are places in our area that are rarely visited by the average tourist. We are in our project, we offer to stay with us longer and visit places associated with the history, architecture and nature of our region.

Download:

Preview:

State budget health-improving educational institution of a sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment, "Bulgarian sanatorium boarding school"

Project work on the topic:

"Development tourist route on historical and natural sights of the Spassky district»

9th grade student Taryncheva Anastasia

Scientific adviser:

Arinina Elena Khasiyatullovna

Geography teacher

Bolgar - 2015

1.Introduction..……………………………………………………………………………………………2

2. Project Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..........3

3.Tourism in the Spassky District………………………………………………………………………4

4. Description of the route.…………………………………………………………………………..5

5.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..8

6. Literature used……………………………………………………………………...9

1. Introduction.

Tourism, as one of the highly profitable sectors of the economy, is recognized as the economic phenomenon of the century for its rapid pace of development.

In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in shaping the gross domestic product , activation of the foreign trade balance , ensuring employment of the population and creating additional jobs, has a positive impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, agriculture, culture, art, production of consumer goods and others.

The Republic of Tatarstan, including our Spassky district, has a rich historical and cultural heritage and natural and recreational resources that contribute to both the development of domestic tourism and the reception foreign citizens. Taking into account the above factors, the tourism sector of the republic should be declared a priority direction of the national economy.

Objective of the project:

  • Contribute to the further formation of a modern tourism industry on the territory of the Spassky District as one of the leading branches of specialization.

Tasks:

  • Collection of information about recreational resources Spassky district
  • Development of an excursion program for the Spassky district for several days with visits to such places as Rabiga-Kul, Suvar, with. Antonovka, Bulgar settlement and others.
  • Creation of a presentation "Development of a tourist route through the historical and natural sights of the Spassky District".

2. Project methodology.

Creating a new excursion on any topic is a complex process.

Preparation of a new excursion goes through several stages:

  • Preliminary work - selection of materials for a future excursion, their study. At the same time, there is a selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.
  • The direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several main questions
  1. Determining the purpose and objectives of the excursion - work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its purpose. This helps the authors of the tour to work in a more organized way in the future. The purpose of the tour is for the sake of which historical and cultural monuments and other objects are shown to tourists.
  2. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography - in the course of developing a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines is compiled that reveal the topic. The purpose of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the forthcoming work on the study of literary sources, to assist guides in using the necessary factual and theoretical material in preparing the text.
  3. Selection and study of excursion objects - the correct selection of objects, their number, sequence of display affect the quality of the excursion. Objects can be:
  • memorable places associated with historical events in the life of our city, the development of society and the state;
  • buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and work of prominent personalities;
  • natural objects - forests, groves, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, reserves and reserves;
  • archeological monuments - settlements, ancient sites, settlements, mounds with burials, earthen ramparts, sanctuaries, etc.;

To evaluate the objects that are included in the tour, it is recommended to use the following criteria:

Cognitive value - the connection of an object with a specific historical event, with a certain era, the life and work of a famous figure in science and culture, the artistic merits of the monument, the possibility of their use in the aesthetic education of excursion participants.

Fame of the object, its popularity among the population.

Unusual (exotic) object. This refers to the peculiarity, uniqueness of a monument of history and culture, buildings, structures. The unusualness of the object can also be associated with some historical event, at the site of the installation of this monument, with a legend or historical event. Exoticism can be natural.

The expressiveness of the object, that is, the external expressiveness of the object, its interaction with the background, the environment - buildings, structures, nature.

Object safety. An assessment is made of the state of the object at the moment, its readiness for showing to the tourists.

The location of the object. When selecting objects, the distance to the monument, the convenience of access to it, the suitability of the road for vehicles, the possibility of bringing sightseers to the object, the natural environment surrounding the object, the availability of a place suitable for the location of the group for the purpose of observation should be taken into account.

Temporary restriction of the display of the object (by time of day, by day, month, season) is when visiting and viewing the object is impossible due to poor visibility or seasonality

3. Tourism in the Spassky district.

The development of tourism in the Spassky municipal district should be considered not only the development of the Bulgarian State Museum-Reserve and adjacent infrastructure, but the integrated development of the entire Spassky tourist zone and the development of tourism in Tatarstan as a whole.

The ancient city of Bolgar is one of the iconic objects tourism infrastructure Tatarstan. Along with the island-city of Sviyazhsk, it was included in the list of historical and cultural heritage developed with the participation of the Renaissance Foundation under the personal control of Rustam Minnikhanov and the first president of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2014, 285 thousand people visited the ancient city, of which 2 thousand were foreign tourists.

One of the main events and results of the five years of work of the Renaissance Foundation was the inclusion of Bolgar in the listUNESCO World Heritage Site

Bolgar is a city that people visit with excursions for one day only.

As a rule, tourists come to Tatarstan for a three-day tour and come to Bulgar only for one day. Perhaps partly because there are no established routes for longer periods,

although apart from historical sites Spassky district has beautiful nature. Thus, it is possible that one would like to attract people to outdoor recreation in the most beautiful and historically important place. Why not?

Tourists will be able to come with their families, and the infrastructure in our area is developing, currently being builtnew modern hotel. .

In addition, our places are also places of pilgrimage, so it is possible to develop religious tourism.

It must be understood that Bolgar has already gone beyond the one-day route. The exposition of the place is such that tourists can stay for two days or even more. The water area of ​​the Volga and nature itself contribute to the creation of hiking trails. That is, it is not only a cultural and educational visit, but also outdoor recreation and fresh air.

The only problem in Bolgar is the lack of accommodation, and, of course, if a functional hotel and entertainment complex is built there soon, then perhaps our project will become interesting, as it offers a longer and more interesting route.

4. Description of the route.

Description of the main display objects

Note

So, our tour starts from the most distant point of the route - ancient city Suvar. It was founded by a tribe of Suvars (Savirs, Suazes) on the river, which is currently called the Dry Duck. It happened around the ninth century. And the heyday of the city falls on the first half of the tenth century. Now, on the site of Suvar, the village of Kuznechikha is located.

Having founded the city, the inhabitants surrounded it with a high wooden wall, in front of which they dug deep ditches, poured ramparts, and in some places even in two rows. The remains of ramparts and ditches have been preserved to this day.

Soon after its founding, Suvar became a major center of crafts and trade. Craftsmen from Suvar made beautiful, richly ornamented clay dishes with their skillful hands, which differed from the products of potters from other places. There were also wonderful blacksmiths, builders, metallurgists, jewelers, gunsmiths and glassware craftsmen in the city.

Bulgar ceramics found in Suvar, in the Kuznechikha Museum

Defensive ditch of the Suvar settlement

The next point on our route is Antonovka - this is the name of the Abyss today, in honor of the leader of the peasant unrest that took place hereAnton Sidorov. This is a fairly large village with more than 700 people. The view of Antonovka opens from a high slope. The silhouettes of squat houses are hidden behind the trees, but even from afar, an unusual building for a modern village stands out among them - white high building with columns. This is a former manor house, which, which is now rare, still houses a school. You probably won't find another one like it in the republic. Children go to school every day real castle where everything breathes unfading antiquity. The two-story mansion, built in the lush baroque style, has retained its characteristic features - it was erected by visiting craftsmen.

Monument to Anton - Petrov

Manor of landowners Musin-Pushkin - architectural monument 1st floor. 19 in

Our journey continues, and ahead of us is the village of Kayuki. The name Alisha is inextricably linked with the history of our region. Abdullah Alish - our fellow countryman, a native of the village of Kayuki, Spassky district. In the libraries of the district, in the museum of local lore, in the Alisha museum in the village of Kayuki, there are many books, materials, exhibits, documents that help to reveal and appreciate the huge talent and heroic life of Alisha. They should be widely acquainted with the population, especially schoolchildren and youth, and not only in our region, the republic, but also in all corners of the world, all those who have ever heard the name of Abdullah Alish.

Bust of A. Alisha

Museum of A. Alisha in the village of Kayuki

Spassky district there are places that are distinguished by a special natural beauty, wealth of flora and fauna. The largest in the republic in terms of area (about 18 thousand hectares) nature reserve"Spassky" is a scattering of islands in the water area of ​​the Kuibyshev reservoir. One of them was called by the people for a reason. Old city- the county Spassk was once located here. In these places there is an opportunity to develop ecological tourism, create ecological trails, in addition to historical show tourists unique places habitats of animals and birds (within reason, of course, so as not to interfere with them), for example, with a small observation deck. We would install a telescope - and watch the white-tailed eagles right in the nest. And how romantic it is to walk along the ancient bridges, touch the land where Catherine the Great used to be. Fragments of the old Spasskaya prison, a teacher training school, remarkable archaeological and historical monuments have been preserved on the island of Old Town. Many people would come here to go fishing with a fishing rod, but it is forbidden to travel through the territory of the reserve. This issue can be resolved by creating, for example, a special corridor. And that a place for a fire was determined.

The reserve is a territory where certain species of animals and plants are protected, visiting is allowed for all people. Among the notable inhabitants of the Old City is the steppe viper. It is in the Spassky reserve that its northernmost population in Europe is located.

The water area of ​​the Spassky reserve

Our next focus isLake Rabigi or Rabiga kul. It is located on the outskirts of the city of Bolgar and is considered one of the most crystal clear and mysterious lakes in Tatarstan.The nature around the lake is picturesque, and the natural reservoir itself is considered not only a local attraction, but also a shrine for Muslims.About the most beautiful lake, which is located along the line of ramparts in the west of the settlement, many legends have developed among the population of Tatarstan. One of them tells about the daughter of the Bulgarian Khan, who once went for a walk with her peers to the forest edge. There the girls turned into swans. Khan went hunting, and after shooting one of the swans, he recognized him as his beloved daughter. The khan wept all night, and soon, at the very place where the khan's tears flowed, a lake formed, the purest and deepest.Today this lake is one of the ancient monuments of the history of the Tatar people. Muslim pilgrims from all over the world come here to pray for the most sacred near the holy waters of the lake.

Lake Rabigi or Rabiga kul

The main attraction of the village at all times were lakes, soour tour continues again on the lake, in the village which is called “Three Lakes”The historical names of these lakes are recorded in the "List populated areas Kazan province "for 1859 - Ataman, Chistoye and Kuryshevskoye. In Soviet times, the lakes began to be called Atamanskoye, Pure and Bezymyannoe - first in common parlance, and then in official documents.

In 1978, all three lakes were declared natural monuments of the Republic of Tatarstan and included in the inventory of specially protected natural areas.

On the shore clean lake there is a temple that looks like a majestic castle. This is one of the oldest and most beautiful churches in the Spassky district, which was built in 1771 at the expense of the landowner Lev Ivanovich Molostov.The temple is an architectural monument

5.Conclusion

Tourism as one of the most popular types active rest is an integral part of human life with its natural desire to discover and learn new regions, monuments of nature, history and culture, customs and traditions of various peoples. The organization of active, meaningful recreation has become an important social task. Tourism is an important factor in improving the health of a person, increasing his creative activity, expanding his horizons.

Tourism is the most important means of education, which, due to its diversity and versatility, opens up wide opportunities for the practical preparation of a small citizen for a big life.

The development of this project is due to the desire to increase interest in the history and culture of Tatarstan. Arouse the interest of children and adults in the history of their small homeland through the organization of excursion routes to historical monuments native land.

6. Literature used.

1. Abramov L. Spassky legends. - Kazan: By city and villages, 2003. - 429 p.

2. Burdin E.A. Volga Atlantis: a tragedy great river. Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) 2005-287

3. Taisin A.S. Geography of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan: Magarif, 2000. - 223 p.

4. State register of protected areas in the Republic of Tajikistan. Second edition. - Kazan: Idel-Press, 2007. - 408 .

5. Reserved places. - Kazan, Idel-Press, 2007.

6. Atlas Tar.tarika. - Kazan: Institute of History. Sh. Marjani AN

7. Republic of Tatarstan, Ministry of Education and Science.

8. I know the world. Geography. - Moscow: AST, 2005.

9. R.G. Fakhrutdinov History of the Tatar people and Tatarstan Kazan

Publishing house "Magarif" 1995

10. www.tourfactor.ru

11. www.personalguide.ru

12. www.tattravel.ru

13. www.bolgar-portal.ru

14. www.goldcompass.ru

15. www.bolgar.info

16.http://komanda-k.ru/

GDP is the total market value of the full volume of finalgoods And services , produced in the economy for a certain period of time (usually a year). It is the main indicator of economic activity and economic activity in the country.

Diploma. 2014

4
Introduction... 5
I. Theoretical part... 7
1.1 The current state of development of excursion activities in the Russian Federation ... ... 7
1.2 Theoretical analysis of the main regulatory documents in the field of technology and organization of excursion activities ... 27
II. Analytical part... 35
2.1 general characteristics excursion routes of the city of Yekaterinburg and its environs... 35
2.2 Comparative analysis of the structure and content of modern atlases of excursion routes... 43
III. Practical part... 50
3.1 Selection and justification of the content of the atlas of excursion routes of the city of Yekaterinburg and its environs ... 50
3.2 Formation and promotion of the tourist product "Secrets of departed writers and poets of the city of Yekaterinburg ... 53
3.3 Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the development ... 63
Conclusion... 69
Bibliography... 70
Application... 73
Introduction Tourism is one of the leading and developing sectors of the economy in the world. Development is facilitated by several aspects: the expansion of economic, political, cultural and scientific ties between the peoples of the world and states. The rapid development of tourism allows many people to expand their worldview, as well as get acquainted with culture, sights, customs and customs. various countries.
In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in providing 5
content.
Tours today boldly tell about sovereigns, their retinues, about major pre-revolutionary figures, saints of the Russian Orthodox Church - about people whose contribution to the development of the country was huge, but was hushed up during the heyday of communism.
Although at a slower pace than in the 1970s and 1980s, thematic excursion tours, especially those related to curriculum schools and universities. Tours with a historical theme are most in demand among travelers, since today the interest of the population in the history of the Russian state has significantly increased. Another popular type of excursions are natural history excursions, from which, in fact, the formation of excursion business in Russia began. Today, such excursions are filled with an ecological component, which contributes to their development in step with the times. Also, the genuine interest of the inhabitants is preserved in the work and life of popular cultural figures, respectively, excursions on literary and art history topics are also in demand.
During the period of sharp democratization of the state and the disappearance of artificially erected barriers, a significant part of Russian tourists rushed to foreign tours. Several years in a row travel companies and did not take into account traditional domestic tours. But, fortunately, in recent years the situation has gradually begun to stabilize: traveling around Russia is becoming more and more popular, primarily not only among schoolchildren, but also among adult tourist groups... 10

graduate work

1.2 Tourist route: concept and essence, stages of development

The formation of routes, tours, excursion programs, the provision of basic, additional and related services constitute the technology of tourist service, i.e. this is the formation of a specific tourist product to meet the need for a tourist service.

The main concept is a tourist route.

Tourist route - geographically defined, tied to a given area and special objects and described with varying degrees of detail, the route of a hike, travel, movement.

Gulyaev V.G. gives the following definition: "The route is a pre-planned route for the movement of a tourist for a certain time in order to provide him with the services provided for by the program." This definition is more appropriate, since the routes presented in the work are intended for organized commercial tourism. A brief description of the tourist route or trip - sketches (illustrations, maps, diagrams, text descriptions of objects). Travel notes are the essence of the traveler's activity - brief descriptions of a tourist route or trip, compiled during travel (or later) for their own use as a keepsake or as a guide to action on repeating this route, or for other tourists and travelers who will follow the same route or visit these places.

characteristic types tourist routes. Classification of tourist routes.

Tourist routes are classified according to various criteria.

By types:

Thematic - with a predominance of excursion services and cognitive orientation;

Hiking - routes with active modes of movement;

Physical culture and health - with a predominance in the program of sports and - health and fitness activities;

Combined - routes that combine elements of all the listed routes.

According to seasonality, routes are divided into:

Year-round (off-season);

Seasonal - operating in a certain season (skiing, water, mountain, etc.) According to the structure of the route, the routes in relation to the geographical reference of the tour to the area are divided into:

Linear - with a visit to one or more points (except for the initial one) located on the track. The tourist route can be linear from the place of departure to the place of destination (stay in the tourist center), most often the tourist on arrival lives in one hotel, makes sightseeing and other trips within the given area. This route is convenient for tourists who do not like to pack and unpack their suitcases and backpacks every day, often moving from one hotel to another;

Radial - (stationary) with a visit to one point on the route.

It is possible to travel radially from the selected tourist center or accommodation with sightseeing purposes, including overnight stays in the visited settlements and objects with return back. At the same time, for the period of trips or excursions, places in the original tourist center remain with the tourists.;

Ring (crossing tours) - with the coincidence of the points of the beginning and end of the route and visiting several points on the route. Another option may be a circular route through a visited area or country, and the place of arrival in the country or area (conditionally an airport, station railway) can be (a) immutable, i.e. the journey through the country began and ended at the same point, and (b) different from the place of arrival in the locality or country. The latter option is typical for tours through the country, the so-called crossing tours. Emelyanov, B.V. Tour guide: [Text] Proc. Moscow: Soviet sport.

There may be other options for organizing tours. Everything as a whole determines the procedure for booking the transportation of tourists along the tour route.

The duration of the routes are:

Multi-day (14-30 days);

Several days (1-3 days) - weekend routes;

Several hours (excursions).

By type of transport on the route:

Travel company's own transport;

Rented (chartered) transport from other organizations;

Personal transport of tourists.

Depending on the types of movement, there are:

Hiking trails or walks. Usually the length of the route is from 2 - 6 or even up to 20-50 km;

Routes with movement on animals (horses, dogs, deer). The equestrian tourist route is very popular. Participants can visit natural attractions that are difficult to access for technical vehicles;

Railway tourist routes in which tourists get acquainted with various localities and areas during the trip, while they live in a compartment of comfortable carriages, eat in mobile restaurants. The main stages of movement are provided at night, and during the day, tourists visit local attractions and objects provided for by the program in tourist centers. Tours reach a duration of 14 days or more. Trips on old trains are common, in Siberia there is a Snezhinka weekend train.

Water tourist routes. The most common - on boats of any kind, yachts or other small-sized water vessels and watercraft on a system of lakes or rivers. These can be rowing or motor boats, rafts, and the route passes through completely deserted areas and even be categorized.

Some tourists prefer river or sea travel on a comfortable liner - river and sea cruises.

Air transportation. The largest share is air transportation over long distances, including intercontinental ones across the oceans. It is with the creation of large high-speed and safe air liners for passenger traffic tourist flows between continents sharply intensified. For tourist traffic, both scheduled routes and charter lines are used. The role of local aviation is also high, many routes within countries with a large extent of territories provide for movement by aircraft.

Small aircraft also participate in tourist transportation, especially when delivering tourists to natural and other objects that are difficult to access for other means of transportation. Services are common small aviation for sightseeing flights over the area of ​​the tourist center.

Combined transport. Many tourist trips involve the use of several various kinds transport. The main long distance transportation, unless it is a special tour, is most often carried out by air. Tourists seek to minimize the time of travel over a long distance to the place of rest, and the plane is the most efficient means of transportation.

Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is the main element of the tourist service technology. This procedure is lengthy and sometimes takes several months. If the route is custom (one-time), then the procedure for creating it is simplified, with the exception of measures that ensure safety.

When developing the routes presented in the work, I followed the following steps:

1. Study of tourist resources along the proposed route.

2. Identification of restrictions on the consumption of tourist resources.

3. Market marketing for tourist services along this route route.

4. Determining the type of route.

5. Construction of a sketch model of the route.

6. Building a route route.

7. Drawing up a travel schedule, group movement schedule.

8. Linking the route to life support points.

9. Development of a safety scheme on the route.

10. Development of a route passport.

11. Coordination of the passport with the relevant services.

12. Trial hike along the route.

13. Making changes to the route scheme.

14. Consideration and approval of the route.

In addition, when developing any route, it is necessary to decide on the following questions:

1. Choosing a route is one of the most important moments of preparation. It depends, as a rule, on the goal that the group sets for itself, on the range of interests of its members. However diverse their goals may be, they can be grouped as follows: visiting a historical or natural monument; camping; physical training associated with long walks. In practice, of course, they can be combined.

2. Determining the complexity of the route.

Separate parts of the routes pass along quite “decent” roads and therefore are not connected with overcoming natural obstacles. They do not require cartographic material either - road signs and survey schemes located in places of mass recreation are quite sufficient. During such trips, it is not necessary to arrange long halts, since the time of active movement is short.

Other routes are laid not only along roads, but also along forest paths and clearings; along the banks of rivers and lakes; through swamps and clearings; mountains and passes.

Some natural obstacles can be found here: windbreaks, bumps, stones, streams, ditches. A map or tourist map is required.

Mandatory condition - long halts, lodging for the night.

And also observe the following rules:

In terms of complexity and length, the section of the route of the day crossing should be within the power of all tourists;

For movement between tourist sites and objects, local transport was used, as well as transport belonging to the travel agency organizing the trip, a significant part of the route is overcome on foot and other means of active movement;

Places for long halts and overnight stays are, if possible, comfortably equipped with a supply of fuel and food, and are also equipped with communications;

When planning a route, a reserve of time is taken into account in case of an unforeseen delay on the way.

When developing the route, the most diverse material was used: reference books, guidebooks and other local history literature, cartographic material. Overview schemes of guidebooks - used for general study. For a more accurate construction of the route thread, I used special tourist schemes, atlases highways, area maps. The routes are coordinated with the traffic schedule, the regimes of admission to the reserves, and so on.

The development of the route ends with the coordination and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used in the formation of tours.

Krasnodar region- the main center of recreation and tourism in Russia

Dolmens, the first wonder of the world, monuments of the Early Bronze Age, multifunctional megalithic structures, generators and sources of infrasound. Dolmens heal and cleanse the soul. The route is interesting for both beginners and experienced hikers...

Development of tourism in the Polar Urals

Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is the main element of the tourist service technology...

Development of an informative tourist route through the Siberian cities

Tourism product - the result of the activities of tourism enterprises in the form of services or a complex intended for sale on the market ...

Development of customer loyalty programs by example guest house"At Yurievna"

Developing a loyalty program is like creating a new product: it requires careful planning, hard work, and a serious approach. It should involve not only the direct creators, but also the initiators themselves...

Development of a project for a specialized equestrian tour "Manor "Ovstug"

The creation of a tourist product begins with the study of its consumer qualities and properties, with the identification of its most attractive aspects for tourists ...

Development of a route scheme indicating transport services

In marketing, the development of a new product has the features of a holistic process in which a number of stages are distinguished.

Development of a tourist product and the formation of tours by a tour operator

The development of a new product in the tourism industry is successfully carried out by those tourism companies that have established formal procedures for development, more precisely, these are large corporations that have system programs for the development of a tourism product ...

Modern marketing requires much more than just creating a good competitive tourism product, pricing it attractively and making it available to potential consumers and travel agencies...

Improving Ecological Tourism in the Pskov Region

A tourist product is the result of social labor in the form of tourist services that have a use value. In the broadest sense, a tourist product is any kind of tourist services Barchukov I.S., Nesterov A.A., Nesterova E.V...

Tour development technology in the tour operating system

The process of creating a tourist product by a tour operator as a whole includes the following steps: 1. Generating ideas regarding consumer and cost properties and evaluations of a new tourist product ...

Technology of formation of a tourist product within the framework of inbound event tourism

Stage 1. Determination of the goal. What goal should the product achieve? For example...

Formation and promotion of the tourist product "Khakassia off Road"

When designing a tour, first of all, it is necessary to decide on the theme of the trip. The main area for visiting tourists in Khakassia is the Shirinsky district and check-in to the Ordzhonikidzevsky district on Ivanovskie lakes ...

The actual methodological development, reflecting the composition of the excursion, consists of an introduction, main part and conclusion3. The introduction and conclusion are drawn up in the form of a brief plan outlining the sequence of actions of the guide ...

This tour is a 1-day bus and foot trip to the Shinoksky waterfalls cascade. The purpose of this tour: to provide a bright and unique adventure, accessible to beginners and interesting to professionals...

In general, the design of a tourist service is carried out in the following sequence:

  • * establishment of normalized characteristics of the service;
  • * establishment of technologies for the process of serving tourists;
  • * development of technological documentation;
  • * definition of quality control methods;
  • * project analysis;
  • * submission of the project for approval.

The result of designing a tourist service are technological documents (technological maps, rules, instructions, etc.).

The quality control documentation should establish the forms, methods and organization of control over the implementation of the tourist service process in order to ensure its compliance with the planned characteristics.

Design analysis is the final design stage. It is carried out by representatives of the relevant functional departments of the tourist enterprise.

It is aimed at identifying and timely elimination of inconsistencies in the project. The result of the analysis is the refined content of the technological documentation of the tourist enterprise.

The documentation for the designed tourist services and tourist service processes is approved by the head of the tourist enterprise in agreement with the customer.

The development of a specific tourist route is a complex and multi-stage procedure that requires highly qualified developers and is the main element of the tourist service technology. This procedure is lengthy and sometimes takes several months. It ends with the coordination and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used in the formation of tours.

Route development includes the following main steps:

  • * study of tourist resources on the proposed route;
  • * marketing of the market for tourist services along this route;
  • * determining the type of route;
  • * building a sketch model;
  • * linking the route to life support points;
  • * development of a security scheme;
  • * development of the route passport;
  • * coordination of the passport with the relevant services;
  • * Trial running and making the necessary changes;
  • * approval of the itinerary passport.

After the route is developed, agreements (contracts) are concluded with carriers. These can be agreements with airlines, railways, motor transport companies and shipping.

In the process of developing the route, there is an intensive correspondence with the host, the conditions for receiving and servicing tourists, the conditions for booking hotels, coordinating dates of arrivals and arrival times, and approving guides are negotiated.

The relationship with the host is based on the division of the services provided. A foreign firm provides accommodation, meals, excursion services, and sometimes insurance. Russian firm - transportation of tourists, insurance, visa processing. The advertising company is carried out by a Russian company using only its own funds, without the help of a partner.

The tour operator can also enter into agreements with hotels, restaurants, transport organizations, with a tour service bureau, etc., but such an activity may not be beneficial for him, as it requires a lot of money and time.

The system of relationships between the main subjects in the field international tourism legally formalized by contracts.

The agreement on cooperation in the field of international tourism between Russian and foreign companies is based on the division of services between them and includes the following articles:

1. The Subject of the Agreement.

The form of cooperation, the legislative framework, relations with third parties, the procedure for processing other documents related to the contract are reflected.

2. Obligations of the parties.

This paragraph specifies the responsibilities of the sending and receiving parties. The minimum and maximum number of tourists and groups, routes, programs and service conditions are negotiated.

3. Service documents and the procedure for their use.

This paragraph contains a list of basic tourist service documents, and briefly describes their content. This clause is necessary to resolve disputes between the parties in case of unfair performance of an obligation by one or another party.

  • 4. Medical care and conditions for its provision.
  • 5. Procedure for canceling orders.
  • 6. Terms of payment.

There are various ways of paying for the provision of tourist services: check, letter of credit, bank transfer, cash payment. Checks and letters of credit are practically not used, although a letter of credit is the most reliable form of securing payment and fulfillment of all the terms of the contract, since the money transferred in advance from the foreign currency account of the sending party is in the bank and is not issued to the receiving party after the submission of documents confirming the fulfillment of obligations.

7. Liability for causing damage.

This paragraph stipulates liability for damage to the health and property of the tourist, as well as liability for damage caused by the fault of the tourist.

8. Procedure for resolving disputes.

If it is impossible to reach an agreement, it is carried out by the arbitration court at the location of the defendant.

  • 9. Special conditions.
  • 10. Procedure for entry into force, modification and termination of the contract.
  • 11. Legal addresses of the parties.

In our country, thousands of domestic and international tourist routes with various modes of transportation (bus, water, rail, foot, etc.) have been developed and are operating.

Information on them can be obtained from local tourism authorities, travel agencies and bureaus.

Formation of tours

After the development and approval of the route, they begin to form the tour.

According to GOST R 50681-94 "Tourist and excursion services. Designing tourist services", the design of a tour provides for the coordination of the capabilities of the enterprise that carries out this design with the requests of tourists.

The basis for designing a service is its verbal model ( short description) - a set of requirements identified as a result of a study of the services market, agreed with the customer and taking into account the capabilities of the service provider.

Designing the process of serving tourists during the entire tourist trip is carried out at separate stages of the provision of services and with the obligatory compilation of technological maps for each of them. The result of designing a tourist service is technological documentation (technological maps, instructions, contracts, rules, regulations, etc.).

When preparing a tour, the tour operator must submit for approval to the management:

  • * description of the route, tour program, characteristics of accommodation facilities (addresses, names, accommodation conditions), food conditions;
  • * tour costing;
  • * data on the country of the tourist trip, on the customs of the local population, shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display that are under special protection, the state of the natural environment, currency exchange conditions;
  • * safety conditions for tourists on the route;
  • * information about the required addresses and telephone numbers (names, surnames of officials, embassies / consulates of Russia);
  • * information about the host travel company (telephones, addresses, names, procedure for resolving conflict situations);
  • * a sample voucher and a sheet of marks for the voucher (or documents replacing them, agreed with the host);
  • * information about the rules of entry into the country (place) of temporary stay there, about customs requirements.

All these requirements are reflected in the following documents, which are approved by the general certification body:

1. Technological map of the route.

When developing a technological map of the route, the main indicators of the route, the place of stay, the dates of arrivals, the approximate (expected) number of tourists, the program for servicing tourists traveling along the route, and the description are determined.

2. Route passport.

The route passport is a more detailed description of the route, includes organizational and legal aspects, regulates the relationship between the tourist enterprise, the tourist and the company that has entered into a partnership agreement with the tour operator. It also reflects the conditions of travel insurance.

3. Information leaflet.

According to the law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" and "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation", a tourist must be provided with reliable and complete information about the upcoming trip. Therefore, the information sheet must be attached to the set of mandatory documents issued to the client by hand. It reflects the basic information about the host country, the host company, the safety conditions for tourists on the route, the necessary contact numbers for communication with the Russian embassy, ​​with the host company. It may also contain other documents: a memo-tour program, maps, prospectuses, etc.

  • * accommodation facilities and a set of services provided;
  • * living conditions (location, category, level of comfort);
  • * food conditions;
  • * transfer conditions;
  • * tour program;
  • * excursion service;
  • * the presence of a guide accompanying;
  • * additional services.

The document is certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise. In addition to the information leaflet, a memo for the tourist should be developed.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50690-2000, clause 5.7, a tourist memo should contain information about:

  • * rules of entry into the country (places) of temporary residence;
  • * conditions of stay;
  • * customs regulations Oh;
  • * customs of the local population, national and religious features of the region, religious shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display that are under special protection;
  • * the state of the environment;
  • * risk factors for health, based on climatic and natural conditions;
  • * time zone and climatic conditions on the route;
  • * dangers that tourists may encounter while traveling;
  • * rules of personal safety;
  • * features of travel;
  • * exchange rate and the order of their exchange;
  • * car rental rules, traffic and parking;
  • * other useful information.

The document is also certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise.

The tour sales inspector (tourist company manager) or the head of the tourist group develops an interview plan with tourists traveling for this tour abroad.

The interview should be conducted at the stage of issuing a tourist voucher.

During the conversation, information should be voiced, both included in the information sheet, and additional, related to the questions of the buyer of the tour (voucher). In general, the content of the interview should include the following information: brief description place of stay (country, city); historical and cultural features; accepted standards of conduct; information about places that tourists are not recommended to visit on their own, about known methods of deception, about the level of prices (food, public transport):

  • * about the need to comply with customs regulations;
  • * excerpts from the legislation of the host country relating to the stay of foreigners on its territory;
  • * about content medical insurance(to which it applies), on the independent liability of a tourist who has not concluded an insurance contract in the event of a sudden illness or accident;
  • about possible risk factors for the life and health of a tourist:
  • - injury risk (how to avoid injuries, and what emergency measures should be taken in case of injury, pay attention to swimming in the sea and pool, independent walks);
  • - the impact of the environment (favorable time of the year for this trip, the weather characteristics of the area, the indicators of the microclimate in hotels and Vehicle ah - air conditioning, heating, etc.);
  • - fire hazard (on compliance with fire safety during residence - smoking, using a boiler, etc.);
  • - biological factors (about self-feeding - food poisoning, about poisonous plants, insects and animals found in the region, about carriers of infectious diseases, especially for countries in Africa and Southeast Asia);
  • - psychological risk factors (on the creation of conditions for normal life, on the need to follow the rules of conduct for each tourist in order to prevent incorrect loads for other members of the tourist group);
  • - dangerous radiation (about the impact of ultraviolet radiation on humans: warn about the difference in levels of solar radiation in the north and south, about a reasonable time spent on the beach, about measures to prevent heat stroke, sunburn);
  • - other risk factors (providing tourists with sufficient information about the implemented tourism services whether tourists clearly understand what is included in the service program, what is included in the price of the tour, which services are basic, which are additional);
  • - specific risk factors (about the level of professional readiness of the attendants - accompanying, guides, about the possibility of disasters and other emergencies, including those related to the state of public order: explain who to contact in such cases, how not to create panic);
  • - recommendations on the required level of personal physical fitness, health status, age restrictions (elderly people, small children), on the characteristics of individual equipment;
  • * about measures to ensure the safety of the tourist's property (about depositing valuables, about losing keys, luggage receipts, etc.). About where to apply in case of loss of travel documents or a passport;
  • * about filing a claim in case of deviations from the service program (submit while on the route to the accompanying group, the representative of the host, to the local administration, etc.).

Route directory

Each direction manager compiles an information catalog, which reflects all the information on the route, the host country, cities, descriptions of hotels (rooms, meals, services) and excursions. Usually this is a colorfully designed album, in which the client, having come to the company, can and should find everything that may interest him, and the manager, having received regional studies, must give all the information to the questions that arise.

Tour costing

After the prices for transport are received, and foreign partners set the price for their package of services, the tour operator calculates the cost of the tourist package. In addition to the cost of the ticket and the package of services of the host company, the cost of the tourist voucher includes overhead costs ( rent, telephone conversations, fax correspondence, use of information networks, etc.), the profit of the operating company and commissions for firms operating under an agency agreement, as well as taxes attributable to cost, are laid down. The result is the price at which vouchers for this route will be sold.

Sample voucher

The tourist voucher must be attached to the tourist voucher. According to Article 10 of the Law "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation", on the basis of a tourist voucher, mutual settlements between the tour operator and or the travel agent directing the tourist and the tour operator for reception or persons who provided specific services are settled.

A voucher is an official document that the sending company issues to individual tourists or the group leader in their hands as confirmation of their right to receive the services listed in it from the host company. Upon arrival of tourists at their destination, the voucher is handed over to the host.

Currently, international tourist vouchers are widely used in tourism.

An international travel voucher is a document that combines a regular voucher with an official payment document as an integral part of it. It saves a lot of time and cash. The international travel voucher is accepted by service businesses all over the world and virtually eliminates the need to enter into agreements with each of these companies separately.

One of the main documents of the package of technological documentation is a contract with a client for travel services (sale of tickets).

The terms of the agreement include:

  • * information about the tour operator (seller), including information about the license for the right to carry out tourism activities, the legal address of the enterprise and bank details;
  • * information about the tourist (buyer) in the amount necessary for the implementation of the tourist product;
  • * information about the tour operator at the reception (partner of the seller), including information about the license, legal address, bank details and contact numbers;
  • * information about the consumer properties of the tourist product, the program of stay and the route of travel, the conditions for the safety of tourists and the certification of the tourist product;
  • * date and time of the beginning and end of the trip, its duration;
  • * the procedure for meeting, seeing off and escorting tourists;
  • * rights, duties and responsibilities of the parties;
  • * the retail price of the tourist product and the procedure for its payment;
  • * the minimum number of tourists in the group;
  • * the term for informing the tourist that the trip will not take place due to a shortage of the group;
  • * conditions for changing and terminating the contract, the procedure for settling disputes that have arisen in connection with this and indemnification;
  • * the procedure and terms for presenting claims by a tourist.

Other terms of the contract are determined by agreement of the parties.

All documents are of an official nature, must be signed by the head of the enterprise and have a company seal.

The list of possible tourist services provided during a tourist trip is determined and specified in the draft tourist service program.

When developing a tourist service program, the following are determined:

  • * travel itinerary;
  • * list of tourist enterprises - performers (suppliers) of services;
  • * composition of excursions and sightseeing objects;
  • * the period for the provision of services by each enterprise - service provider;
  • * list of tourist trips, walks;
  • * a complex of leisure activities;
  • * length of stay at each point of the route;
  • * the number of tourists participating in the trip;
  • * modes of transport for domestic transport;
  • * the need for guides, guides, foreign representatives, instructors, translators and others, as well as the need for their training;
  • * the required number of vehicles;
  • * the procedure for preparing advertising and information materials;
  • * travel description form for information leaflets for tourist vouchers and their number.

In the tourism business, there are two main types of tour:

  • * inclusive tour - a comprehensive service that includes the entire package of tourist services: accommodation, meals, excursion services, transportation, as well as Additional services: household, sports and recreational, physical culture, medical, etc.;
  • * custom tour - a set of individual tourist services: meals, accommodation, excursion services, transport, etc.

An inclusive tour is a tour with a rigid, pre-planned (even before contact with the client) set of services focused on a particular type of recreation or tourism. Its peculiarity is that the tourist pays in advance for the entire list of such services, without taking into account the fact that the tourist may not use it. The composition of services on an inclusive tour does not change during implementation. The tourist must buy such a tour entirely or refuse it altogether.

An inclusive tour can be developed and practically tested even before meeting with the consumers of such a tour. They are organized and offered, as a rule, on popular routes, such as "Classic Italy", "Imperial Petersburg and its suburbs", etc.

Inclusive tours are most often developed for mass group tourism, and therefore enjoy significant discounts on group services offered by transport and hotel companies as well as food and entertainment establishments.

After the formation of an inclusive tour, as a rule, it must undergo an experimental implementation, the so-called "run". It can be combined with a promotional free (or discounted) trip, cruise, etc. According to the results promotional tour clarification of costs is carried out, the rate of return is determined, the price is calculated, the system of discounts is informed.

Thus, the main advantages of inclusive tours are:

  • * lower cost compared to a tour where services are purchased separately;
  • * the program and cost of the tour are known in advance;
  • * the ability to maintain tour statistics;
  • * advanced opportunities for conducting an advertising campaign for such a tour.

A custom tour expands the tourist's ability to plan their own time, allows them to select tourist and other services in accordance with their capabilities ("for the money") and interests.

When selling custom tours, the formation of the program and the acquisition of the composition of services are carried out at will and with the direct participation of the tourist himself. He is offered a choice of different service options for each type of service in the proposed place of rest.

The services chosen by the tourist are formed into the tour program, the price that the tourist pays when purchasing the product is calculated.

The formation of a tour, both inclusive and custom, in its essence is an "assembly" of a number of services and goods into one "shell", called a tour. In addition to the mechanical compilation of such a set, the formation of the tour provides for a feasibility study in order to determine the profitability.

Recently, the formation of a tour using a computer has become increasingly popular. Based on the relevant software in real time, such a tour is formed that would satisfy the needs of the client to the maximum extent. If there are relevant agreements with transport companies and a ticket printing machine, a travel agency can issue a ticket for a tour right in its office, book hotel rooms and a whole range of related tourist services.

Read also