Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. The total area of the country is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is the city of Podgorica (former Titograd).
Montenegro is washed from the south Adriatic Sea. The state in the west borders on Croatia, in the northwest there are borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the northeast - with Serbia, in the east - with Kosovo with Albania in the southeast.
Total length land borders state is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia - 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Until June 2006, Montenegro was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006.
The territory of the country conditionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, relatively flat central part countries and also mountain systems east of the country. In the central part of the country there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica and Nikisic.
The continental coastline of Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state consists of 14 sea islands. Length coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In the north-west of Montenegro there is a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which cuts into the land for 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².
The total length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km, transparency sea water exceeds 35 m in places.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52.2% of the country's rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of them are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the country throughout their entire length. The Boyana River used to be the only navigable river in the country. Currently, it is no longer navigable.
Almost all the rivers of the country are mountainous, they form fairly deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon is considered the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.
The famous Skadar Lake is the largest lake not only in the country, but also in the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Lake Shasskoe, with an area of 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin on the territory of the country. Their total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. The highest point of the country is Mount Bobotov-Kuk (Durmitor mountain range). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in the zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky capes.
The explorer of the World Ocean Jacques-Yves Cousteau considered the coast of the Adriatic Sea, washing the coast of Montenegro, one of the cleanest in Europe. Along with ordinary tourists Celebrities such as Bill Gates, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt also give preference to this mountainous country. Today, Montenegro - unique reserve, a place where civilization harmoniously coexists with untouched nature, where the sea sparkles, medieval buildings peep through the greenery of the mountains and flowers are everywhere!
Geographical position of Montenegro
Montenegro is located in the central part of the Mediterranean, in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Croatia to the north, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the southeast. The length of the coastline is 293 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km. The part of the Adriatic Sea between Montenegro and Southern Italy is the widest (200 km) and deepest (1330 m). Area: 13812 sq. km (0.14% of the whole of Europe).
Capital
Podgorica (173 thousand people) is the administrative center of the Republic of Montenegro. Cetinje - ancient capital, historical and cultural center.
Climate in Montenegro
The diversity of the relief greatly affects the climate. Giant Mountain chain closes the coast from the northern winds. Therefore, the Mediterranean climate prevails at sea, and continental in the mountains. The average annual air temperature in Montenegro is +17°C, and in July and August +29°C. The swimming season in Montenegro begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 to +26°C.
Population
620 thousand people (as of spring 2011). Montenegrins 62%, Bosnians 13%, Serbs 9%, Albanians 7%
State structure
Republic of Montenegro
Language in Montenegro
Serbian (alphabet - Cyrillic and Latin). All Montenegrins perfectly understand Russian.
Religion in Montenegro
Montenegrins and Serbs profess Orthodoxy, national minorities - Catholicism and Islam.
Customs
You can import and export an unlimited amount of foreign currency into the country, but it is advisable to declare large amounts at the entrance. It should be noted that border and customs procedures are simplified as much as possible. You can import and export duty-free 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars, a liter of spirits and 2 liters of wine. The export of objects and things of historical and artistic value is prohibited - without special permission.
Car rent
To rent a car in Montenegro, you need to be at least 21 years old, have a driving experience of at least two years (plus, of course, an international certificate), and leave a deposit of 150-300 euros. Speed - 40 km / h - in settlements, 70 km / h - on the highway, 120 km / h - on the autobahn.
Money in Montenegro
Euro. 1 euro = 100 cents.
The work of banks
On working days from 08:00 - 19:00, on Saturday from 08:00 - 15:00
Telephone code of Serbia and Montenegro
Required phones
Police - 92, fire brigade - 93, ambulance - 94, roadside assistance - 987. Codes of some cities: Herceg Novi and Igalo - 88, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Milocer and Sveti Stefan - 86, Bar, Sutomore, Ulcinj , Ada-Boyana - 85, Tivat - 82
mobile connection
Works in the GSM standard, so you can use roaming. But it is more convenient and more profitable to buy a card from one of the local operators - Pro Monte or Monet. There is no noticeable difference between them, express payment cards for account replenishment are sold in any mini-market.
ElectricityNational parks
Durmitor (39.000 ha), Lovcen (6.400 ha), Biogradska Gora (5.400 ha). World natural and cultural heritage are under the protection of UNESCO.
Beach
The beaches in Montenegro are some of the best in the world, and thanks to their diversity, you can choose a vacation by the sea for every taste. Here there are areas with fine sand (Ulcinj Riviera, Budva Riviera), while most (Zhanits, Nivic, Sutomore) - with very small pebbles, the size of buckwheat. Artificial beaches (concrete platform) are located in Tivat, Herceg Novi, Bar, Igalo. There are very crowded beaches, but there are secluded ones, there are beaches for "textile workers" and for nudists, there are paid and free ones. Almost all beaches are located in secluded bays between steep cliffs, closed from the wind and waves. The length of the sea coast of Montenegro is 299 km, and the length of the beaches is 73 km. Renting umbrellas and sunbeds will cost 5-7 EUR per day. Guests of 4-5 star hotels, as a rule, use umbrellas and sunbeds for free. The largest beach ("Velika Plaža") is located in Ulcinj, its length is 13 km.
Cuisine of Montenegro
Local kitchen is divided into 3 types - purely local, fish and Italian. Portions are huge. Despite the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, fish cuisine in Montenegro is very expensive. Local cuisine - "fairy tale" of pork or beef. The cost of a dinner with wine for 2 persons varies from 12 to 20 euros. If this is a fish dish, then the cost of lunch will be from 20 to 30 euros. In many Montenegrin restaurants, after the third visit to the restaurant, guests for the fourth time can be fed at the expense of the institution.
The shops
Department stores and supermarkets are open daily from 06:00 to 21:00. Other shops from 09:00 to 21:00. IN tourist centers almost all shops are open until 23:00, and some are open on Sunday. With souvenirs in the country "tension", the whole selection - national costumes and hats (rather expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates and various wooden utensils self made, lace, musical instruments(harp, pipes), icons (reproductions) - mainly at monasteries, painting and sculpture.
Safety
The crime rate in Montenegro is relatively low. There are petty thefts from cars parked in unguarded parking lots. The attitude towards foreigners is very friendly. In tourist areas, you can safely be in the evening. Lives in mountainous and border areas a large number of Albanians. Visiting such places, especially where tourism is underdeveloped, is not recommended without a local escort. You must follow basic precautions and listen to the recommendations of your guide.
Transport
All cities and major settlements interconnected by bus. During the tourist season, bus stations operate around the clock. Buses to Belgrade regularly leave from Podgorica. In Herceg Novi and other cities on the coast there is a bus service to Croatia. From Ulcinj, a bus leaves once a day for the city of Shkoder in Albania. There is almost no intracity bus service in Montenegro, except for Podgorica. Short distances allow you to walk, ride a cheap taxi.
Souvenirs and shopping
As a keepsake, you can buy national costumes and hats (rather expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates and various handmade wooden dishes, lace, musical instruments (psaltery, pipes), reproductions of famous icons (in mainly at monasteries), painting and sculpture.
Attractions
It is in Montenegro that the most big lake in the Balkans - Skadar. 40 islands betray its special charm, some of them have perfectly preserved medieval fortresses and monasteries. By the way, Skadar Lake is one of the few places where you can watch pelicans in their natural habitat.
In the Cetinje Monastery there are two of the most important Orthodox shrines - a particle of the Holy Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, on which Jesus Christ was crucified, and the right hand of the prophet John the Baptist.
- state in Southern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. In the southeast it borders with Albania, in the south it is separated from Italy by the Adriatic Sea, in the west it has borders with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of the sea coast of Montenegro (including the Malente Islands) is 293.5 km.
The name comes from the toponym Black Mountain.
Official name: Montenegro (Crna Gora).
Capital: Podgorica
The area of the land: 13,812 sq. km
Total population: 620 thousand people
Administrative division: Montenegro is divided into 21 communities.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: The president.
Composition of the population: 57% - Montenegrins, 30.% - Serbs, 7.77% - Bosniaks, 3% - Albanians, 1% - Russians, 0.42% - Gypsies.
Official language: Montenegrin. official languages Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Albanian are also recognized.
Religion: 74.24% - Orthodox, 17.74% - Muslims, 3.54% - Catholics.
Internet domain: .me
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Telephone code countries: +382
Country barcode: 389
Climate
Montenegro has a Mediterranean type of climate, which is characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the territory of the country is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: the coast, the rocky plateau, the plain and the highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. The summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, at this time 170 - 260 mm falls per month, in the north of the coast there is 1.5 times more precipitation than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 C, and in the daytime 11..13 C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most precipitation in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap the humid air coming from the sea. So, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was noted. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall was 5155 mm, and in the plateau near Mount Lovcen cultural capital Cetinje countries - the maximum average annual (3927 mm / year). Just like on the coast, there is noticeably less precipitation in summer (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm).
The height difference between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast, the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 C, depending on the height. in winter average temperature at night -3..-5 C, and in the daytime 5..8 C. Snow usually falls in December and remains until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct impact of the Adriatic Sea, so it is hotter here in summer than on the coast (average daily temperature in July is 30..32oC), and cooler in winter: an average of 0..3oC at night and 9..11oC during the day. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30 - 60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250 - 300 mm.
Climate high mountainous areas bears the features of subalpine. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 C, and in the daytime 0..3oC, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and remains until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (it can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month, depending on the orientation of the slope). The summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 C (it can be colder in the high mountains!), and at night it is 8..10 C.
Best time to visit:
For beach holiday July and August are best suited - the hottest, driest and sunniest months. In September, when the sea is still warm, and the main wave of tourists has already subsided, you can also have a great rest on the sea. Diving, windsurfing, paragliding and other sports, as well as sightseeing, can be practiced almost all year round except November-December. You can safely go on a trip to the mountainous regions from April to October. The ski season lasts from December to March.
Geography
Montenegro - small country, located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic coast. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. Nevertheless, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, high mountains and flat, overlooking Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders on Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast - on Croatia, in the north and northeast - on Serbia, and in the east - on Albania. From the south it is bounded by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The Montenegrin coast, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and the rocky plateau that abruptly breaks off towards it. One of the best harbors in Europe is located in Montenegro - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays interconnected by narrow channels. For a long time there was a belief that the bay is a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast, the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the strongest annual downpours cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare patches of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-like depressions. Here is located national park"Lovcen".
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain and the Niksic Field make up a flat area with a height difference of 350 m. The main part of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat area. Here are two largest cities countries - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the national park "Skadar Lake".
In the north of the country, northeast of the rivers Piva, Komarnica and Moraca, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain range: Vizitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletije (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The most high point Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif.
In the highlands there are pastures and forests, numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks- "Biogradska Gora" and "Durmitor".
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
The flora of Montenegro is very rich, despite the harsh conditions in the mountainous regions that occupy most of the country. Here, on only 0.14% of the territory of Europe, 2833 species of plants grow, which is almost a quarter of the species of European flora. On the coast you can find olive and fruit groves, cypresses, palm trees and grapes. However, most of the coastal cliffs are covered with maquis - dense thickets of evergreen shrubs, characteristic of the Mediterranean.
Higher in the mountains there are oak and coniferous forests. The Belasitsa mountain range, where the Biogradska Gora National Park is located, is covered with mixed forest. There are trees of 86 species here, including spruce, fir, beeches, elms, oaks, maples and even mountain ash. Alpine edelweisses, which have become rare, grow in the mountains, as well as mountain cornflowers and violets; such vegetation is typical for the alpine meadow belt.
In the area of another national park "Skadar Lake" the terrain is completely different. The main part of its coast is swampy, overgrown with reeds, and the surface of the lake is covered with a carpet of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation are endemic, i.e. found only in this area.
Animal world
The fauna of Montenegro is also rich. From predators in mountainous areas there are wolves, bears, foxes. They prey on deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats, hares and ground squirrels. There are wild boars in the valleys. Several hundred species of fish are found in the Adriatic Sea, including sea bass, mullet, red mullet, as well as shrimps, lobsters, and octopuses.
The rivers are rich in trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp and pike. 50 species of fish live in Skadar Lake, the local population hunts mainly bleak and carp. In addition, Skadar Lake is a permanent or temporary habitat for 270 bird species. Here you can see colonies of pelicans, cormorants, herons and black ibises. The lake attracts ornithologists from all over the world.
Attractions
On the territory of Montenegro, many historical and cultural monuments, and most of them, despite the numerous wars that swept through this land, are in excellent condition. Hundreds of medieval monasteries and ancient cities, dozens of balneological resorts, unique natural complexes of the southern part of the Balkans, tens of kilometers of beaches of the Montenegrin Riviera, good-natured and friendly people - this is far from full list virtues of this country.
Montenegro and during the time of united Yugoslavia was the main tourist area countries. Due to the diverse relief, the purest mountain rivers, warm sea(which, by the way, is considered the cleanest in Europe), luxurious coastline (length is 290 km, beaches - 73 km, and 56 km of them are sandy, which is quite rare for this region), excellent climate and the status of a European ecological park, this tiny The country is one of the recognized centers of tourism in Europe.
Banks and currency
The monetary unit is the euro (coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 euro cents, 1 and 2 euros; banknotes 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros).
The National Bank of Montenegro is open from Monday to Friday (10:30-14:00). Commercial banks are open from 08:00 to 19:00, on Saturdays - from 08:00 to 13:00, Sunday is a day off. On weekends, you can use exchange offices. There are many ATMs in Montenegro, through which you can make transactions with foreign currency. ATMs are installed in banks, airports and some hotels. Some stores and hotels accept payment with credit cards. In the bank you can always find several employees who speak English or Russian.
Useful information for tourists
Montenegrins are extremely tolerant of manifestations of interethnic differences, even to the question interethnic conflicts in the Balkans. But it is not recommended to talk about politics or the collapse of the SFRY.
The crime rate is low. The police are cracking down on any form of fraud. foreign tourists, but at the household level, there are frequent cases of petty fraud or supposedly a sudden language barrier, so you should be especially careful when discussing financial issues and never give money up front, before the service is provided.
Tipping in restaurants is generally 5% of the bill.
For drinking, it is better to use mineral or bottled water.
The price level in the country is quite low, but varies markedly depending on the location. In coastal areas, everything is about 25% more expensive.
Montenegro
Montenegrin Crna Gora, Crna Gora
It got its name from Mount Lovcen (1749 m), located in historical center countries near the Bay of Kotor.
Soils
A distinctive feature of Montenegro is the accumulation of red soil in the coastal region. This type of soil, resulting from the weathering of dolomite and limestone rocks, is also common in the depressions of the karst region; the bare rocks of the southern part of the karst soil have practically no. The soils of the mountainous regions are represented by ordinary brown forest and podzolic soils. Eastern regions more fertile and covered with forests and grass.
Arable land - 13.7%, land occupied by permanent grain crops - 1% (2005). There are no irrigated lands. (2003).
Ecology and protected areas
In areas of intensive tourism, such as Kotor, there is pollution of coastal areas with sewage.
According to the constitution of Montenegro, the republic is an “environmentally friendly state”, 8.1% of the territory is under various environmental regimes (including the national parks Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora and Lake Skadar).
Montenegro- a small country located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. Nevertheless, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, high mountains and flat, overlooking Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders on Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast - on Croatia, in the north and northeast - on Serbia, and in the east - on Albania. From the south it is bounded by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The Montenegrin coast, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and the rocky plateau that abruptly breaks off towards it. One of the best harbors in Europe is located in Montenegro - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays interconnected by narrow channels. For a long time there was a belief that the bay is a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast, the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the strongest annual downpours cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare patches of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-like depressions. The Lovcen National Park is located here.
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain and the Niksic Field make up a flat area with a height difference of 350 m. The main part of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat area. Here are the two largest cities of the country - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the national park "Skadar Lake".
In the north of the country, northeast of the rivers Piva, Komarnica and Moraca, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Vizitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletie (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The highest point in Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif. In the highlands there are pastures and forests, numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - "Biogradska Gora" and "Durmitor".
