In the Rules traffic"Passenger" means: a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle, as well as a person who enters or exits the vehicle. This means that a pedestrian becomes a passenger not when he entered the bus or other vehicle, but at the moment when he decided to do this and began to move towards the door of the bus. Thus, if we use any mode of transport, we are passengers.

Many people think: “The rules of the road apply to drivers and pedestrians. And I am a passenger, they take me, which means that the driver is responsible for me. In fact, road safety also depends on passengers, and there is a section in the Rules of the Road that defines the duties of passengers.

Drivers work Vehicle in the conditions of large cities and highways saturated with traffic, it is very tense and responsible. And passengers should not create additional difficulties for drivers, distracting them by breaking the rules.

It is important to wait correctly for a bus, trolleybus, tram, taxi. All urban transport moves along certain routes and stops not where the driver or passengers want, but at established points, which are called stops. Therefore, you should expect city transport standing at the stops indicated by signs, the sidewalk or the roadside, without going out onto the roadway.

It should be borne in mind that the tram stop is almost always in the middle of the carriageway and passengers have to cross the pavement. Traffic regulations require car drivers to give way to passengers walking towards or away from a stopped tram. But you still need to be extremely careful and, before going to the tram, you need to look around and make sure that the crossing is safe.

When a bus, trolleybus or tram approaches the stop, behave calmly - do not fuss, do not push. Approach the door only after a complete stop of transport. Do not stand in front of the doors, let the exiting passengers pass.
Do not enter the transport with ice cream and drinks. Even if the cabin is free, with a sharp push or braking, you risk dirtying other passengers.
Entering the vehicle, do not linger near the doors and on the platform, go to the salon. In the cabin, hold on to the handrails so as not to get bruised by possible sudden braking.

To avoid being squeezed by the doors, do not try to sit down at the last moment before the departure of the bus, trolleybus, tram.
Passengers are prohibited from preventing the closing of doors or opening them until the vehicle has come to a complete stop due to safety requirements. Most buses and trolleybuses have doors that open automatically from the driver's cab. The driver does not always see what is being done at the door if one of the passengers held them. The driver, being sure that the doors are closed, sends a bus or trolleybus. As a result, the passenger may be trapped between the door leaves. Do not try to open them yourself: it is very dangerous!

It is also dangerous to open the doors before the bus or trolleybus comes to a complete stop, because passengers can fall out of it on the go.
Do not lean against the doors: they can open on the go, do not put your head and hands out of the windows.
Do not stand on protruding parts and running boards of vehicles;
Do not distract the driver by talking while driving.
When driving, you should not sleep, if possible, you need to monitor the situation on the road.
If during the movement there is a danger of a collision of the vehicle with another object, you must take a stable position and firmly grasp the handrails (belts) with your hands; the seated passenger should rest their feet on the floor, and hands on the front seat (panel) and tilt their head forward.
In the event of a collision and the inability to stay upright, try to group in the fall and cover your head with your hands, and ideally, see the landing site.
In the event of an accident with a trolleybus or tram, to avoid electric shock, you should only leave them by jumping.

Inside a tram, trolley bus and especially a more mobile bus, try to hold on to the handrails in case of emergency braking or stopping. The best fulcrum is the handrail above your head.
It is better to stand facing the direction of movement in order to be able to notice the danger in advance and have time to react to it. In addition, from this position, in a collision and braking, you will fall face forward, which is much safer than falling on your back.
Umbrellas, canes, etc. pose a certain threat in the event of sudden stops and braking. objects with sharp and protruding edges.
It is unsafe to walk in a moving vehicle, instead of standing, holding onto the handrails, it is also dangerous to doze off. In these cases, a person simply does not have time to react to the threat and falls before he has time to understand what is happening to him.
In any public transport there are inscriptions: "Places for passengers with children and the disabled." But even if you are sitting in the wrong place, you should still give it to a disabled person, an elderly person, a woman, and just an older person. You should also help an elderly person or a woman with a child, a blind person get off the bus or trolleybus.
To exit, you need to prepare in advance, if possible, get closer to the doors. After stopping and opening the doors, when passengers begin to exit, do not push or fuss. Older children should help elderly passengers, the disabled and toddlers. Small children traveling with adults get out after them.
When leaving public transport, do not stop in front of the doors, but step aside so as not to interfere with the exit of other passengers.

When you get out of the vehicle, you become a pedestrian again, and, therefore, you must again obey the requirements of the rules for pedestrians. Be especially careful if you need to cross to the opposite side of the road: your path is only along the crossing!
Remember: by violating the rules for using public transport, you endanger both your life and the lives of many passengers and passers-by!

We are all passengers and are required to know the rules of passenger behavior and safe behavior in transport. A passenger is a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it).

Urban transport that carries passengers is called public transport. These are trams, trolleybuses, buses and metro. All types of public transport travel along certain routes, which can be found by number. Places of public transport stops equipped with special landing sites are indicated by signs.

Rules of conduct in all types of public transport Boarding the vehicle is made after it has completely stopped and when the passengers get out of it. When landing, it must be taken into account that the doors open and close automatically, do not push, do not fuss, do not interfere with other people. Entering the cabin, you need to look around, choose, without interfering with the passengers on the bus, a convenient place where you would not interfere with anyone and no one would interfere with you. You should look at where the emergency and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seats in the vehicle, you should try to stand in the aisle without interfering with the movement of passengers, hold on to the handrail or special suspensions. You can not stand at the front door, and even more so lean on it, it can accidentally open.

Rules of conduct in all types of public transport It is recommended to move around the cabin only when the vehicle has come to a complete stop. It must be remembered that in public transport you can not make noise, play pranks, talk loudly, behave provocatively, eat ice cream. You can't lean out of the windows.

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, go to the stopped tram. Boarding in vehicles equipped with ACS (Automated Passenger Control System) is carried out through the front doors, and disembarking through the doors that have the inscription "Exit" (except for vehicles equipped with ACS). As a general rule, boarding should be through the rear doors and disembarking through the front doors or through doors marked "Exit".

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the carriageway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

When traveling by truck, you must remember and observe a number of safety measures: you must not stand in the back while the truck is moving; you can not move from place to place while the truck is moving; you can not get out of the truck towards the carriageway. Rules of conduct when traveling by truck

Rules of conduct in the subway When going down the subway on the escalator: stand on the right, go on the left; you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them. While waiting for a train on the platform: do not cross the boundary line; if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Dangerous situations in transport If you notice a fire in a bus, tram, trolleybus, you must immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand to stop the transport and open the doors. When locking the doors for evacuation from the passenger compartment of the vehicle, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet). When evacuating, do not panic and follow the instructions of the driver. In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must strive to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve.

Immediately report this to the intercom operator and follow his commands in the future. If an open fire appears in the car while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using the fire extinguishers available under the seats or improvised means. In no case do not try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane; stay where you are while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave it without the driver's command. After permission to exit, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver. If a fire broke out in subway car 14

Waiting for the train on the platform:

stand on the right, go on the left;

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures:

You can not stand in the back while the truck is moving;

You can not move from place to place while the truck is moving;

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

Do not get out of the truck in the direction of the carriageway

When going down the subway on the escalator:

It is necessary to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside.

When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, head to the stopped tram.

Waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

Boarding in transport is carried out through the front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit"

As a general rule, boarding must be done through the rear doors, and disembarking through the front doors or through doors marked "Exit".

To pay for travel in transport, magnetic stripe tickets and contactless smart cards are used that meet the requirements of international standards.

After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the carriageway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

stand on the right, go on the left;

you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them.

if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life in the city without buses, trams, trolleybuses, metro.

We are used to using vehicles to travel to school, a store, a stadium, another city or country. To do this, there is a city, water, air and railway transport. Passenger a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it) is called. This means that we are all passengers and are obliged to know the rules of passenger behavior and measures of safe behavior in transport.

Public transport that carries passengers is called public. These are trams, trolleybuses, buses and metro.

All types of public transport travel along certain routes, which can be found by number. Places of public transport stops equipped with special landing sites are indicated by signs.

In order to travel safely in transport, it is important to follow generally accepted rules.

Safe behavior in transport

Rules of conduct in all types of public transport

 Boarding the vehicle is carried out after it has completely stopped and when the passengers get out of it. When landing, it must be taken into account that the doors open and close automatically, you can’t push, you can’t fuss, you can’t interfere with other people.

 Entering the cabin, you need to look around, choose, without disturbing the passengers on the bus, a comfortable place where you would not interfere with anyone and no one would interfere with you. You should look at where the emergency and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seats in the vehicle, you should try to stand in the aisle without interfering with the movement of passengers, hold on to the handrail or special suspensions. You can not stand at the front door, and even more so lean on it, it can accidentally open.

 It must be remembered that in public transport you can not make noise, play pranks, talk loudly, behave provocatively, eat ice cream. You can't lean out of the windows.

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

 It is necessary to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside.

 When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, go to the stopped tram.

 Boarding in vehicles equipped with ACS (Automated Passenger Control System) is carried out through the front doors, and disembarking - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit" (except for vehicles equipped with ACS).

 As a general rule, boarding should be through the rear doors and disembarking through the front doors or through doors marked "Exit".

To pay for travel in vehicles equipped with ARS, tickets with a magnetic stripe and contactless smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used.

 After disembarking from public transport, it is necessary to be especially careful when crossing the carriageway, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

Rules of conduct when traveling by truck

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

When traveling by truck It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures:

you can not stand in the back while the truck is moving;

you can not move from place to place while the truck is moving;

you can not get out of the truck towards the carriageway.

Rules of conduct in the subway

When going down the subway on the escalator:

stand on the right, go on the left;

you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them.

Waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Dangerous situations in transport

, it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand to stop the transport and open the doors.

When locking the doors for evacuation from the interior of the vehicle, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet). When evacuating, do not panic and follow the instructions of the driver.

In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must strive to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve.

If a fire broke out in a subway car, immediately inform the intercom operator about this and follow his commands in the future.

If an open fire appears in the car while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using the fire extinguishers available under the seats or improvised means.

In no case do not try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane; stay where you are while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave it without the driver's command.

After permission to exit, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.

1. Who is considered a passenger?

2. What kind of transport do you use more often? Draw up the rules for using this transport.

In the safety diary, write down a summary of the rules of conduct in the event of dangerous situations in transport.

1. Imagine that there is a fire in the bus. Describe the procedure for passengers.

2. You go down the escalator in the subway. You suddenly drop the package and it slides down the stairs. Your actions?

Item	Fundamentals of life safety
Class	5
Lesson topic	Passenger. Passenger safety
The purpose of the lesson	Consider the general duties of a passenger, systematize their significance according to the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety.
	Educational: generalize knowledge about urban transport. To create conditions for studying and fixing the rules of behavior for passengers in emergency situations. Developing: development of cognitive interests of students, the ability to work in a group with a textbook, additional material, analyze, draw conclusions; develop creative, communication skills, imagination of students. Educational:to cultivate caution, to form a sense of responsibility for their actions and for the safety of others.
UUD	Personal UUD: development of sustainable cognitive motivation and interest in the topic under study, the formation of the ability to self-determination, the development of empathy, respect for a different opinion. Regulatory UUD: the ability of students to set learning goals and objectives of the lesson; plan their activities under the guidance of a teacher, evaluate the work of classmates, work in accordance with the task, compare the results with the expected ones. Cognitive UUD: independently identify and formulate the cognitive goal of the lesson, define concepts; structure knowledge; consciously and voluntarily build a speech statement in oral and written form; analyze and select information, process information to obtain the desired result. Communicative UUD: cooperation with the teacher and classmates in the search and collection of information, the ability to express their thoughts.
Planned results	Subject: know the general obligations of a passenger when using public transport. Rules for personal safety when using the tram, trolleybus and metro. Ensuring personal safety in the event of a dangerous situation in public transport. Personal: the ability to express their attitude to what is happening, to give their assessment. Metasubject: the ability to independently determine learning goals, set tasks; the ability to conduct an independent search, analysis, selection of information; develop the motives and interests of their cognitive activity; the ability to assess the correctness of the implementation of the educational task.
Basic concepts	Passenger; types of public transport.
Intersubject communications	History, geography
Lesson resources	Textbook, workbook, multimedia equipment.
Lesson Forms	Frontal, group.
Technologies	Problem reading technology, ICT, collaborative learning.

Lesson stage	Content and activities of the teacher	Student activities	UUD (universal learning activities)
I . Organizational	greeting check the attendance of students check the readiness of students for the lesson I wish you a good mood and interesting work in the lesson	-greet the teachers, -visually control their readiness for the lesson, sit down at their workplaces.	Personal: self-organization. Regulatory: the ability to regulate their actions, predict activities in the lesson
II . Repetition of the material covered.	Activating students using trap questions. Guys, I suggest you remember the material you have covered. What is a road?(this is a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure that is equipped or adapted and used for vehicles.) Why do you need road markings?(to ensure safety on streets and roads, control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians.) What are the names of the signs that inform the driver about approaching a dangerous section of the road?(warning signs.) Well done, you know the material well	- answering questions, - discussing, - giving examples	Personal: the ability to express their thoughts, give examples, draw a conclusion. reasoning ability Communicative: interact with the teacher group. Cognitive: Ability to analyze, identify and formulate a problem; the ability to consciously construct a speech statement.
III . Motivation for learning activities	And now I ask you to turn your attention to the screen (Slides 1) Tell the guys what you see on the screen? How do you assess this situation? Let's try to formulate the topic of the lesson?"Passenger. Passenger Safety» For what purpose will we study the topic of the lesson? Consider the general obligations of the passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport. In order to achieve our goal, we will need to solve a number of problems. To achieve the goal of the lesson, what will help us?(textbook, notebook, projector, reference material)	— answer questions; - choose the best solutions; - fix the topic of the lesson in a notebook; - observe and fix the observed processes (in writing and orally)	Personal: construction of logical reasoning Communicative : expressing one's thoughts, arguing one's opinions Regulatory : planning of successive actions
IV . Presentation of new material	Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life. We are accustomed to using transport to travel to school, a store, a stadium, another city or country. For this there are different types transport. What types of transport do you know? Transport urban water air railway Now I suggest that you unite in groups of 2 people, and using the textbook material on page 39 What transport is called public Urban transport that carries passengers is called public (tram, trolleybus, bus and metro) Who do you think the passenger is? Let's define a passenger. This is the person who is in the vehicle, as well as entering or leaving it.	In the course of independent work with the textbook and students highlight the necessary information, write down the definition	Ability to express your opinion, listen to the opinions of others Performing training activities in accordance with the task (P). Ability to express one's opinion, listen to the opinions of others (K)
V .Fizkultminutka	Video	Perform physical education
VI .Practical work	I now suggest that you unite in small groups of 2 people and consider the rules of conduct in public transport: Tell me guys, did any of you ride the subway?Are there rules of conduct in the subway?(Yes) What can you name them? Guys, we can also meet dangerous situations in public transport. Let's read them in our textbook page 43 and find out what they can be.	— formation of safe work; -performing practical work using instruction cards.	Personal: mastering the norms and rules of labor organization; Development of diligence and responsibility for the quality of their activities Regulatory: the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, to monitor the result, identify errors in the labor process and justify ways to correct them Cognitive: ability to understand concepts. Communicative interact with the teacher group.
VII .Fixing the material	I gave you sheets with a task where you need to choose the correct answer. If you agree with the statement, then put the number (1), if not (0). I will ask you to sign the names and answer them. Urban public transport follows a certain route and carries passengers. (1) On a special public transport stop sign, you can find out which stop will be next (0) While the bus is moving, try to hold on to the handrails (1) If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to be opened (0) In the event of a fire in the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the bus interior (0)	- discuss - answer questions	Reasoning (L). Formulation of answers (R).
VIII . Reflection	Guys, now let's look at our scale and determine how much	They evaluate their activities in the lesson and the achieved learning outcomes.	Regulatory: evaluation of achieved results
IX .Homework	Make up your own rules for using the transport that you use most often.For homework, you can use a textbook, or an Internet source.	students listen and write down homework in diaries.	Personal :development and deepening of the needs and motives of educational and cognitive activity

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, stairs for getting in and out, and seats in the body. If children are being transported, the truck must have a van body and the “Child Transportation” identification mark. Children must be accompanied by an adult. It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures: Do not stand in the back while the truck is moving; You can not move from place to place while the truck is moving; Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks. You must not get out of the truck towards the carriageway When descending into the subway on the escalator: It is necessary to wait for the bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside. When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, head to the stopped tram. While waiting for a train on the platform: do not cross the boundary line; Boarding the transport is done through the front doors, and disembarking through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit". As a rule, boarding should be done through the rear doors, and disembarking through the front or through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit". To pay for travel in transport, magnetic stripe tickets and contactless smart cards are used that meet the requirements of international standards. After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the carriageway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road. stand on the right, go on the left; you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them. if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Lesson Objectives

Consider the general obligations of the passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety

Consider the types of public transport.
Learn basic passenger safety rules.
To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.

Types of transport

railway

air

urban

WHAT IS PUBLIC TRANSPORT

public transport.

If a lot of people ride in a car, then such a car is called public transport.

Regular bus

Shuttle taxi

trolleybus

STOP IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE ROAD

You need to wait for a bus, trolleybus or tram only at stops - places marked with such signs as in the pictures. And where they are not - on the sidewalk. In rural areas, if there is no equipped stop, the bus is waiting on the side of the road.

REMEMBER!

At a bus stop, you should never stand at the edge of the sidewalk. You may be accidentally pushed, and you will find yourself under the wheels.

Passenger - face, in the vehicle, as well as entering and leaving it.

A number of rules of conduct on the bus
A number of Rules of conduct in trams, trolleybuses
A number of rules of conduct when traveling by truck

dangerous situations

in transport

If you notice a fire in a bus, tram, trolleybus

it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand to stop the transport and open the doors.
When locking the doors for evacuation from the interior of the vehicle, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet).
When evacuating, do not panic and follow the instructions of the driver.
In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must strive to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve.

In a trolleybus and tram, metal parts may be energized, therefore, when leaving the passenger compartment, it is better not to touch them.

To leave a tram or trolleybus in this case, you need to jump with a landing on both legs at the same time.

If a fire broke out

in the subway car

immediately inform the intercom operator about this and follow his commands in the future.
If an open fire appears in the car while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using the fire extinguishers available under the seats or improvised means.
In no case do not try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane; stay where you are while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave it without the driver's command.
After permission to exit, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.

Urban public transport follows a specific route and carries passengers.
On a special public transport stop sign, you can find out which stop will be next
While the bus is in motion, try to hold on to the handrails.
If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to open
In the event of a fire in the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the bus interior

Consider the types of public transport.
Learn basic passenger safety rules.
To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.

Make up your own rules for using the transport that you use most often

Flight safety.

The safety of aircraft movement on the ground and in the air is a major issue that concerns not only transport and military aviation but also private. At all stages of the creation of the aircraft, the greatest attention is paid to the issues of ensuring flight safety. A closer look at the safety issue shows that many existing safety rules and regulations are outdated. If, instead of them, new rules are developed and put into practice that meet modern conditions, then this can be considered one of the greatest achievements of aviation since the first aircraft took off. Improving flight safety is the direct responsibility of aviation leaders and flight crews, who must combine their efforts to achieve maximum success in this area. Many believe that absolute flight safety is a thing that is practically impossible. This may be so, but nevertheless, we must strive to reduce the number of accidents, accidents and unnecessary casualties. In order for the aircraft to continue to be more firmly integrated into society, aviation leaders must feel their responsibility in this regard and must strive to turn the universal desire for maximum flight safety into reality. Safety does not mean only protection. The performance, productivity and nature of relationships with staff and customers largely depend on it. A radical increase in transport security is the imperative of the times. As part of the administrative reform of the industry, a new structure was formed - federal Service on supervision in the field of transport. In addition to control, its tasks include, in particular, coordination (together with law enforcement agencies) of the application of preventive measures aimed at ensuring the safety of technical equipment and passengers in transport. Together with the Ministry of Transport of Russia, the service is developing a draft law "On Transport Security".

Passenger safety.

Before buying a ticket, most people want to know if the airline they are flying on is safe or not. However, this is very difficult to do based on accident statistics alone. Sometimes statistics show that safety does not always depend on the airline itself. Many factors have an impact on flight safety: the environment (difficult mountainous terrain, difficult weather conditions, powerful thunderstorm activity), the flight region, where frequent cases of aircraft hijackings, explosion attempts and others prevail Act of terrorism. Nevertheless, there are integrated methods for assessing and rating airlines in terms of flight safety in the world. Every year, the world famous German company JACDEC conducts an in-depth study and publishes information on the 60 most top airlines in terms of flight safety. For many years, the Australian airline Qantas has taken the first place. In second place is Finnair from Finland. On the 49th place is the Russian Aeroflot. Closes the list Turkish Turkish airline Airlines.

Passengers may be advised to fly with airlines that have passed, or are seeking to pass, an international aviation safety audit by the International Association air transport IATA (IOSA IATA). In the CIS and Russia, the following airlines have passed such an audit: Aeroflot, Aeroflot-Don, Aerosvit (Ukraine), Air Astana (Kazakhstan), Armavia (Armenia), Belavia (Belarus), Moldovan Airlines”, “Air Moldova” (Moldova), “ Ural Airlines”, Azal (Azerbaijan), Russia, S7, Sky Express, Transaero, Ukraine International Airlines (UIA), Uzbekistan Airways, UTair, Vladivostok-Avia, cargo airline " Volga-Dnepr.

During the flight

You need to know a few simple things and do them:

· Always listen very carefully to the information of the flight attendant, watch the video demonstration on flight safety.

Read carefully the Passenger Safety Card (it is available on all aircraft). All this is intended not only to point out important aspects. All this is designed to make you a more competent passenger in a short time. And most importantly, to make you feel more confident, because the information you receive will increase your chances of surviving a rescue in an emergency.

· Be sure to know the emergency exit closest to your seat, where the life jacket is located, how it is pressurized, how to put on an oxygen mask in case of aircraft depressurization.

· Always wear your seat belt when in flight. In aviation, there is a concept - "turbulence clear sky”, which occurs unexpectedly and can cause serious injury.

· If possible, it is necessary to fly non-stop flights, since most aviation events occur at the stage of takeoff, climb, descent, approach, landing. non-stop flights reduce the likelihood of falling into these events.

・It is necessary to choose large aircraft- they are safer than small ones.

· Do not store heavy items in the overhead storage compartment. hand luggage. There are many examples of serious injuries to passengers in severe turbulence.

· Do not bring hazardous materials with you. There is a rather long list of hazardous materials that are not allowed, but common sense should tell you that you should not bring gasoline, corrosive, poisonous gases, etc.

· Never drink alcohol on the plane. In the cockpit, you seem to be constantly at an altitude of 3500-4000 meters, so the effect of alcohol will be much stronger than at sea level. Remember, the drunk will not be saved.

· And the last. Even if an aircraft accident occurs, don't be fatalists. Save yourself, statistics show that active passengers survive. Passive - perish.

All urban ground transport moves according to the established rules of the road. The driver, pedestrian and passenger are responsible for the implementation of these rules - road users, that is, we are with you.

During the day, being on the roads of the city, we can turn into different road users many times. The pedestrian got on a bicycle or in his car, and now he became a driver. If we are in the cabin of a bus, tram, trolleybus, then we are passengers.

You may think that a passenger is a person traveling in some form of transport. This is not entirely true. For example, when we enter or exit a bus, we are passengers and must follow the rules prescribed to us.

We are waiting for transport at the landing site, which may be on the sidewalk or on the side of the road. If it is located on the roadway at the same level with it, in this case its boundaries are marked on the road with a solid white line. The landing site may even be in the middle of the road, but on a site elevated above the carriageway - like, for example, a tram stop. In general, landing sites are equipped with a canopy, a place to sit, and traffic route maps.

Boarding in public transport must be carried out in an organized manner, at a complete stop of a tram, bus, trolleybus or fixed-route taxi. The same applies to disembarking from a vehicle. No need to push, fuss, while passengers pay their fare. It is strictly forbidden to jump into public transport on the move when it departs - you can be squeezed by the doors or get under the wheels. It is better to wait for the next trolleybus or bus.

In a train or tram car, trolleybus or bus, look where the emergency exits are located, read the instructions on how to use them. To avoid injury and fall while driving and sudden braking of vehicles, do not lean against the doors and be sure to hold on to the handrails. If you have to go far, then do not settle down near the exit, where there is a congestion of passengers.

While in transport, do not push, do not step on people's feet and do not speak too loudly, do not litter. In case of danger, contact others or the driver (driver). Get ready for the exit.

There is another danger on the tram and trolley bus lines, which increases with heavy rains, thaws in winter time- high humidity, high winds. In these cases, the possibility of electric shock arises, because both of these modes of transport run on electricity. Do not enter a trolleybus, tram, if it turns out that someone has been electrocuted.

On any trip, keep an eye on the situation in the cabin and on the road. This will help to notice the threat of a collision, fall, take the correct position of the body and firmly grasp the handrail, chair.

Fire in public transport

If you and I are in a public transport cabin or a train car, we should be alerted by the smell of burning and smoke. We know that they are harbingers of fire. It is necessary to immediately inform the driver or driver about this.

To ensure safety, in addition to the primary fire extinguishing equipment - a fire extinguisher, there are emergency exits in the interiors of buses and trolleybuses, in train and tram cars - these are windows. In prominent places there is information about which window openings (compartments) are equipped with additional exits.

Remember what to do in case of fire:

immediately report the appearance of smoke or fire to the driver (driver, conductor);

notify the passengers, wake the sleeping ones;

protect your mouth and nose from smoke with a handkerchief, scarf, sleeve, hollow jacket. If possible, dampen the cloth with water. Crouch, getting out of the burning salon. Do not touch metal parts in a trolley bus, tram - in case of fire, they may be under electric voltage;

on the train, get away from the fire in the front cars. If this is not possible, tightly close all doors - in compartments, vestibules and inter-car passages;

if there is a threat to your life, do not try to save luggage;

jump out of the car only as a last resort, putting on more clothes for cushioning or together with a mattress.

Safety in a car

A passenger car is more dangerous for a passenger and driver than a large public transport. It is more difficult to create all the systems and safety space in a small car than in the cabin of a bus or carriage. Passenger cars tend to travel at a higher speed, which increases the likelihood of accidents. Inside the car, seat belts and airbags are responsible for safety.

Collision statistics show: most dangerous place in the car - next to the driver. Therefore, children under 12 years of age without special child restraints or chairs are not allowed to sit there.

Flight safety.

Passenger safety.

Fire in public transport

Safety in a car

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