A

Autonomy - the duration of the voyage without replenishment of fuel, water and food.

Water area - limited area of ​​the water surface.

Anticyclone - an area of ​​high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its centre.

Axiometer - indicator of the angle of deflection of the rudder blade or the axis of the propeller relative to the center plane of the ship.

Arneson drive - type of transmission with a horizontal shaft.

afterpeak- the extreme aft compartment of the vessel.

Akhtershteven- aft end of the vessel, an element of the hull set. It can be a frame on the transom or a continuation of the keel beam.

B

Buchan - anchored floating navigation mark.

Ballast- liquid or solid cargo placed inside or outside the ship's hull, providing the necessary stability and draft. It may also be redundant and talk a lot.

Baller - a vertical shaft that serves as a drive for the rudder blade.

Jar- 1. Sitting on deckless boats, at the same time serves as a spacer between the sides. 2. Separately located aground of limited size. 3. Capacity for storing worms.

Bar- 1. Alluvial stranded in the coastal zone. 2. Unit of pressure, approximately equal to 1 atmosphere.

Barhout- thickening of the outer skin of the ship's hull in the area of ​​the waterline.

beidewind- the course of the yacht, at which the diametrical plane of the vessel in relation to the direction of the wind is less than 90 degrees.

Seizing- ligation of thick cables with a thinner line.

Buttocks- lines of a theoretical drawing, giving an idea of ​​the volumetric shape of the hull.

Batoport- movable dry dock wall.

Beam- a transverse beam connecting the side branches of the frame, an element of the hull set.

Bitt- cabinet for fastening cables on large cruising yachts.

Bon- a fixed floating structure for mooring small boats and other purposes and works.

Bora- He's a Nord-Ost.

Barrel- barrel. Large float at dead anchor. Facilitates the process of anchoring in difficult places. "Stand on the barrel."

Brandwacht- a ship installed to observe something (someone).

Windlass- deck mechanism for lifting the anchor.

Bridle- anchor cable, chain, rope, fixed with the root end to the anchor in the ground, and running - to the barrel, boom.

Breeze- coastal breeze, changing its direction during the day, due to the temperature difference between day and night, land - sea.

Throwing end- throwing end.

Broching- for sailing yachts: a sharp loss of control in a tailwind with the release of the rudder blade from the water and falling on the cheekbone.

Buoy— floating navigation mark.

Buyrep- cable, on the trend of the anchor and a buoy on the surface. Indicates the place where the anchor lies and makes it easier later to detach it when lifting.

IN

Vessel's capacity- a significant drawback - the property of the vessel to heel due to insignificant external forces at large angles and very slowly return back to the equilibrium position. Strongly manifested on ships with low stability.

waterways- a bed on the open deck for the flow of water. It is also used in the meaning of beams on the sides, as part of the deck flooring.

Waterline- the boundary of two media, clearly visible on the ship's hull. Of course, it depends on the load.

Spindle anchors- anchor rod.

Verp- auxiliary anchor.

Swivel- spar swivel joint. Fishing swivel - little brother.

Milestone— floating navigation mark. Protects dangers and indicates the sides of the fairway.

Vessel displacement- the amount of water that is displaced by the underwater part of the vessel afloat. The amount of water displaced is equal to the mass of the entire boat.

- a jet engine that uses acceleration from the ejection of water through a nozzle.

Choose- pull up, pull up the tackle.

G

Harbor- coastal parking of ships, protected from the wind.

Gak- hook

gulfind- for sailing ships - a course with an angle of the diametrical plane and a wind direction of 90 degrees.

latrine- toilet

Tack is the direction of the wind relative to the hull. For example, starboard tack is the wind to starboard.

Helmport- a cutout in the stern for posting the stock.

planing- a mode of motion in which the ship's hull is supported on the surface of the water only due to hydrodynamic forces, and not due to Archimedean ones. It is possible only when a certain speed is reached and on planing hull contours (very low deadrise on the transom). Launching flat pebbles with a pancake on the water is a planing option. The rock will sink when it stops, but when planing, the Archimedes forces don't work, and as long as it maintains the required speed, a flat pebble will be able to cross the Atlantic, as long as it's completely calm, of course.

D

Magnetic compass deviation- deviation of the compass indicators associated with the action of the ship's own magnetic field.

Deadwood- 1. Underwater parts of the ship's points from the stern and from the bow, associated with the keel. 2. Outboard motor leg housing.

sensible things- the general name of various details and small things included in the necessary and not very equipment of the vessel.

Vessel diametral plane- a vertical imaginary plane passing through the stem and stern.

Trim- the inclination of the ship's hull in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the surface of the water.

Drek- small anchor on boats and tenders.

Drektov- anchor rope dreka.

Drifting- the drift of the boat relative to the course as a result of the influence of the winds, but without taking into account the currents.

AND

Vessel survivability- the reliability of the vessel and its ability to maintain its characteristics, even with severe damage.

W

Lay- 1. Fix the end, the rope. 2. Lay a turn.

AND

true course- course taking into account deviation and magnetic declination.

Bend- the bend of the river.

TO

Cable- 185.2 m - 1/10 nautical mile.

Galley- kitchen

cavitation- shock loads resulting from the collapse of vapor or gas bubbles, which were formed as a result of a critical decrease in pressure and met with the boundary of the high pressure area. The result of this meeting may be blows to the edge of the propeller with a force comparable to a hammer blow. As a result, the edges of the blades are chipped, which is why this phenomenon is also called cavitation erosion.

cardinal system- a system for installing maritime navigational danger signs, in which their detour and maneuvers are closely related to the cardinal points.

Cartushka- a detail of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

Deadrise- a characteristic of the transverse profile of the boat hull. It is measured by a numerical characteristic on the transom and amidships - deadrise angles.

Knecht- a metal contraption for securing the mooring ends.

Stern- rear end of the vessel. Whaleboat feed is spicy. Transom - a flat cut at the stern.

Keel- the main beam of the longitudinal set of various materials, located in the diametrical plane. The keel boat may not have this device, and the deadrise will be formed by the joint of the skin sheets. Inflatable keel boats have an inflatable keelson, which, when inflated, rests on the payol on one side, and on the other side stretches the bottom fabric sheets, cut in a special way, which creates deadrise.

Keelblock- support for dry storage of the boat.

Wake- 1. The line of motion of ships in the conditions of the formation of ice. 2. Formation of ships following the same line.

Wake stream- a footprint on the water behind a moving ship.

kilson- on rigid hulls - connection of frames in the bottom area.

Kipa- a horned device on the deck or sides for the removal of sheets or springs.

Hawse- a hole in the body with a protective edging for wiring gear. For example, an anchor chain.

Knica- a triangular or diamond-shaped plate connecting the elements of the body kit.

Knop- thickening or knot at the end of the rope.

Cockpit- open space on the upper deck for crew work. For example, for fishing or sunbathing. On good yachts, the cockpit is easy to recognize by finding a folding table with a bottle of wine in it.

Coaming- waterproof threshold at the entrance to the wheelhouse or cabin.

Compass- the main navigational device.

compass heading- compass heading.

End- any non-metallic cable or line.

Fender- expendable material, softening the blows of the hull on the berth or on other vessels during mooring, withdrawal and maneuvers. Fenders are inflatable, wicker - an expensive exclusive and simply stuffed with hemp. It is not recommended to enter the marina without fenders, where very expensive yachts are moored.

Cruising speed- the most economical mode of movement of the boat. Each has its own and depends on many factors.

all round fire- circular fire.

Vessel course- the angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement.

L

Lavrovka- on sailing yachts - movement to the intended point against the wind, by constantly changing the course, changing the tacks.

lag- a device for measuring speed and distance traveled.

Lagom mooring - mooring side to side.

Lateral system- navigation system for installing navigation signs. Used mainly in inland waters. Uses the principle of marking the axis of the ship's passage or its right and left edges.

Leventik- for sailing yachts - the position of the bow into the wind when the sail begins to idle.

Leer- handrail or fence in the form of a stretched cable.

Likpaz- the groove into which the lyktros enters.

Location- section of navigation. Cunning navigational aids for a particular navigation area - also called a pilot.

Pilot- a person who has a sailing position, or he knows the given navigation area by heart.

Luke- hatch.

M

brand- termination of the end of a sheet or cable, or a mark on it for a specific purpose.

Lighthouse- lighthouse.

Midel- an imaginary line of intersection of the outer surface of the boat hull with a cross section that divides its overall length into equal parts.

sea ​​mile- the length of the arc of the meridian of the planet Earth is 1 degree. Due to the difference in latitudes in different places on the planet, it has different meanings. The distance of 1852 meters is accepted as international value.

H

Bulk- contact of the hull with the berth, another vessel, occurring as a result of inertia.

Windward- located closer to the wind.

superstructure- deck closed structure from side to side.

Knights- tackle for fixing equipment. A must have in a storm.

ABOUT

Observation- determination of the location by objects with known coordinates.

Overkill- an unpleasant thing, entailing an indispensable unplanned bathing.

Overstay- for sailing yachts - change of tack with the bow crossing the wind line.

fire- a loop at the end of a cable, rope. Also called fire is an insert in a loop for wear protection made of metal, leather, etc.

to win- slow down the inertia of the vessel.

Draft is the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the vessel.

Stability- an important factor determining the ability of a boat, brought out of equilibrium under the action of external forces, to return to its original position.

go-ahead- a method of signaling when ships diverge with the help of a person with flags or with flashlights.

back off- move away.

give away- unbind.

P

Pal- support for mooring. Sometimes it is also used in the meaning of a locking finger.

Payol- flooring on the bottom of the boat.

Bearing- the angle formed by the meridian line and the line passing through the observer and the observed object.

Bulkhead- a wall separating the compartments of the body.

pass sign- a bank sign indicating the place where the fairway passes from one bank to another.

Stanchion- support for the perception of vertical loads of the body.

gunwale- beam of the upper edge of the bulwark.

Podvolok- ceiling lining in the ship's room.

Valance- overhang of the stern of the vessel.

Pick up- the same as choosing.

half wind- gulffind.

Pontoon- floating structure.

Fender, halt- A beam of various materials running along the side. It acts in conjunction with the fenders, but by itself only protects our boat from bulk.

Sterndrive- type of transmission with a horizontal shaft. Despite the fact that the engine itself is located inside the hull of the boat, thanks to the use of a cardan drive, it allows the column to work like an outboard motor - to recline when it hits an obstacle and adjust the angle of attack.

R

Redan- there are transverse and longitudinal. A ledge, a step on the bottom of gliding high-speed boats and boats. Without dribbling deep hydrodynamics, the longitudinal redans serve to stabilize the movement and to correct the wetted surface, a kind of “wet” triangle, which is formed during the gliding mode. Transverse steppers are designed to reduce the wetted surface at high speeds. However, the use of redans of both types should be made only after rather complicated calculations. By applying hull editing without calculating hydrodynamics and a bunch of characteristics, you can pretty much worsen the ship's driving performance. For each hull from reputable manufacturers, redans are used only after a series of test tests in the pool and life-size in open water, which, together with the calculation of the designers, determine their number and configuration. In the displacement mode, the redans, especially the transverse ones, play a negative role.

Reverse- reversal of the direction of action. Definition for motors. On outboard babies, up to 3.5 hp, reverse is carried out by turning the motor around its axis. On older motors - by shifting the gear lever. Essentially reverse gear.

Raid- open coastal part of the water surface. The raid is intended for mooring vessels on anchors or buoys and mooring barrels.

Reling- deck fencing in the form of racks with cables, forming a kind of bulwark.

recession- a niche in the stern for an outboard motor.

Reef- a rock in shallow water.

Reef, take a reef- for sailboats - to reduce the sail area by using special gear.

Anchor rollers- a device for facilitating the return / lifting of the anchor. Rolls can also have an anchor rope or chain stopper.

felling- a structure on the deck, leaving a passage from the sides.

Rumb- division of the compass card, a flat angle equal to 1/32 of a circle, 11.25 degrees.

Tiller- the steering lever on the baller, or on the outboard boat motor.

Locker- a closed box for personal belongings or ship's property.

Rym- a ring or half ring, most often, metal. It has a bunch of attachment points and it depends on what task a particular eyelet performs. For example, a mooring eye on the bow of a boat.

Bell- a kind of battle in the ship's bell. Recently, the bell itself has also been called the rynda, which, in general, is incorrect.

WITH

skeg- the lower part of the gearbox of an outboard motor or an angular column, a feather-fin. Some yacht steering devices also have a skeg - a profile in front of the rudder blade.

slip- an inclined surface that goes into the water and is designed specifically for launching ships. On the slipway, you can also observe many funny situations that occur when boats are lowered from the trailer.

Demolition- drift of the vessel from the course under the influence of the current without taking into account the winds.

IALA system- a system of protection for navigational hazards, adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.

Cheekbone- in addition to the human one, it also exists on the hull of the vessel, it is the steepest bend in the side in the bow of the vessel. Depending on the design and purpose, ships are round-billed and sharp-billed.

Slane— Removable bottom flooring.

Leading signs- paired signs along the banks.

stop anchor- spare anchor or auxiliary.

crew list- a detailed list of the crew and positions, the time of arrival / departure on board.

ship's passage- inland navigation routes marked on the map and navigational signs.

Gangway- portable ladder.

T

Rigging- a set of gear. Standing and running.

Lanyard- swivel threaded for screed.

Tombuy- a float to indicate the location of the anchor.

Registered ton- 2.83 cubic meters, 100 cubic feet.

Beam- the direction to the object, which is perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel. The traverse is right and left, and the distance to the object is the traverse distance.

poison- weaken, hold. The opposite is to choose.

Trim plate- adjustable plate behind the transom, which makes it easier to enter the planing mode and reduce the running trim.

Ladder- outboard - for lifting / lowering people. Internal - a staircase for communication between rooms at different levels.

trend- the connection of the paws and the anchor spindle.

Hold- the lower space on the ship under the floorboard, deck.

At

Knot A nautical unit of speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. On inland waterways, km/h is still used.

Duck- two-horn casting, more often metal. Serves for easy fastening of cables and ropes on it.

F

Fal- tackle for lifting all sorts of things.

Falin- cable on the bow eye of the boat.

Bulwark- deck side plating above its level.

Fairway- a place for the safe passage of ships, having navigation signs.

jibe- for sailboats - a course coinciding with the direction of the wind.

Vordek- forward part of the deck.

Forepeak- bow compartment to the first bulkhead.

stem- bow beam of the vessel, passing into the keel.

Freeboard- freeboard.

Footstock- a pole with divisions to control the water level.

C

Cyclone - A large air vortex around an area of ​​low pressure.

W

moorings- cable, rope for mooring.

Mooring- a set of actions related to putting the boat into the parking lot.

Mooring device-all sorts of devices to facilitate the mooring process.

sheerstrake- one of the side plating belts, thicker than the rest. Adjacent to the upper deck.

Hose- one turn of the rope.

frame- transverse part of the ship's skeleton, stiffener, part of the skeleton.

space- the distance between the frames.

Scupper- a hole for draining excess water.

Spring- mooring lines from bow to stern and vice versa.

Shturtros- a cable for connecting the steering wheel with the tiller, stock or PLA.

I

Yacht- Recreational vessel without tonnage limitation.

• - a dump or a hitch of ships side by side for hand-to-hand combat. Tactical technique of the times of the sailing fleet
• - ships advanced from the main forces towards the enemy
• - a part of the water space of a port or harbor, intended for the parking of ships waiting in line to enter the port itself for loading or unloading at the berthing line by means of the port. With a large accumulation of ships in the port, they are loaded and unloaded in the outport with the help of lighters, scows, and other floating facilities.
• - significant damage to the ship itself or its combat or technical means
• - a ship attached to the squadron, intended for the messenger and intelligence service
• - work on the ship, in which the entire personnel or a significant part of it takes part at the same time
• - the person of the highest commanding staff of the fleet. In Russia, there were three admiral ranks: admiral, vice admiral and rear admiral. In most other states, the number of admiral ranks is the same. But in England there are four, in France there are two.
• - a flag raised on the mast of the ship on which the admiral is located
• - a hole in the tower or in the gun shield for the exit of the muzzle of the gun to the outside
• - strait of the English Channel
• - a barrel of one, two, three buckets or more, used for wine, vinegar, etc., as well as for water ballast on boats
• - constant air currents in the high layers of the atmosphere in tropical latitudes, moving over the trade winds in the opposite direction
• - translated from Spanish: fleets, squadrons. The word has become famous since the time of his designation of the expedition of King Philip II to England in 1588, called the Invincible Armada. The expedition ended with the complete defeat of the Spaniards. In the modern sense, the armada has become a household name - this is now the name of any poorly organized and poorly trained squadron (connection, fleet)
• - an area of ​​the sea containing many islands
• - ships covering the fleet or squadron from behind during marching movement
• - a flat, low-lying ring-shaped coral island, inside of which there is a shallow lake called a lagoon. The lagoon communicates with the ocean by one or more straits.
• - a cellar on a ship for storing wet provisions, as well as wine and vinegar
• - a steel cable holding the mast from the stern of the yacht
• - a vertical bar forming the aft end of the keel of the vessel. The steering wheel is suspended from the stern

• - forward part of the deck from stem to foremast
• - a floating sign indicating shallows, sunken ships, etc.
• — 1. ship's heading forming an angle of more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees with the direction of the tailwind.
  2. post supporting the mast to the sides and back to the stern
• - a number indicating the strength of the wind or wave on some scale. According to the Beaufort scale adopted by us, wind strength is indicated from 0 (total calm) to 12 (hurricane wind), and waves - from 0 to 9
• - 1. bench on a boat 2. stranded in the sea in deep water
• – a ship carrying bulk cargo (ore, grain…)
• - the weight placed on the bottom of the ship or in its empty tanks, to give the ship the necessary stability
• - shaft for rotating the rudder blade
• - a cylindrical fur brush on a long shaft, which was used to extinguish the remnants of a smoldering cap and cleaned - banili - a cannon
• - transverse sandy underwater shallow washed by the river when it flows into the sea
• - a three- or four-masted sailing ship with a dry aft mast, that is, armed only with slanting sails. The rest of the masts carry direct sails
• - otherwise, a schooner-bark, a sea sailing vessel with three or more masts, carrying straight sails on the foremast, oblique on the rest
• - a measure of volume and capacity, used only in the USA and England. In the USA, a barrel of loose bodies is distinguished, containing 119.24 liters, and an oil barrel, equal to 158.76 liters.
• - the largest boat, having from 14 to 22 oars and sailing equipment, served to transport a large number of crew members, heavy weapons and landing
• - head of the commissariat
• - the next of the decks going below the top, medium artillery is installed on it. Arbor for cartridges serves to supply cartridges from the cartridge cellars to the guns. In cartridge cellars, shells and cartridges stored in special metal arbors suspended on rails roll to the elevator, rise in it together with the arbor to the gun turret or can be brought up to any battery gun
• - to beat the prescribed number of bottles on the ship's bell
• - the course of a sailing vessel forming an angle of less than 90 degrees with the direction of the headwind
• - dressing, connection of two cables with a thinner end. There are several types of benzels
• - a yacht carrying only triangular sails. Borrowed from Bermudians
• - lower, oblique sail, placed on a mizzen mast
• - the rear mast of ships with three or more masts is usually the smallest. The exception is two-masted (sometimes called one-and-a-half-masted) ships with an iola or a kecha rig, in which the aft mast is called a mizzen mast.
• - bars or steel beams laid across the ship at the ends of the twine and serving as the base of the deck
• - a rack on a ship designed for mooring
• - bowsprit sail
• - a securely armored room where all ship control is concentrated during the battle
• - devices for suspension of boats
• - a word added to all sails, tackle, spars and rigging belonging to the bom-bram-topmast
• - fourth from the bottom rai on the mast
• - (flying jib) the third triangular sail from the mast, the tack angle (lower front angle) of which is attached to the jib
• - room on the ship for storing shells
• - the topmost sail on the main or foremast
• - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast
• Bon- a floating barrier made of logs, barrels or iron boxes, interconnected by chains or a cable; serves to protect the parking lot of the fleet from the attack of enemy destroyers, submarines and high-speed boats
• - in ancient Greek mythology, a deity personifying the north wind
• - senior non-commissioned officer in charge of ship operations
• - boatswain's assistant
• Barrel- anchored in a harbor or in a roadstead, a metal hermetically sealed float, to which ships are placed
• - a straight sail raised on a topmast over the topsail
• - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast
• - old, obsolete ships that were filled with combustible material and launched from the windward side to enemy ships
• - a vessel in the roadstead or in the harbor, observing incoming ships
• - turn it in a horizontal plane and with the help of braces
• - tackle running rigging, attached to the butts of the yards and serving to turn them along with the sails in a horizontal plane
• - reduce sail area
• – anchor machine with a horizontal shaft for lifting anchors
• - type of maritime flag
• - a wide pennant, raised on ships as a sign of the presence of persons of the imperial family, the minister of the sea, the chief commander of the port or the head of a detachment of ships who did not have an admiral's rank
• - a two-masted sailing vessel with direct sails, armed with 16-28 guns
• - a high-speed two-masted vessel carrying straight sails on the foremast and oblique sails on the mainmast
• - wind blowing due to uneven heating of the sea and land during the day from the sea, in the evening into the sea
• - a ship protected by thick side and deck armor, armed with powerful artillery and several mine (torpedo) tubes
• - steel plates of special manufacture, which were attached to the sides of the battleship to protect against shells
• Trouser- a thick cable with which the cannon was attached to the side walls of the cannon ports
• - a metal fitting worn on some spar trees for their fastening. or serving for attaching parts of the rigging to them
• - a floating sign in the form of a cylindrical float with an openwork superlayer, installed at anchor to protect places dangerous for navigation
• - a cable with which the ship is towed; steamboat for towing ships
• - a thickening in the underwater part of the bow of the vessel, which contributes to a better flow of water around the hull
• - waves with foamy crests over pitfalls
• - a horizontal or inclined spar protruding from the bow of the ship. Serves for the removal of the stays supporting the mast and topmasts and fastening of the bow triangular sails - staysails and jibs
• rope or tackle- a cable or tackle rolled up in circles; small bay

• - parts of standing rigging, which strengthen masts, topmasts and bram-topmasts
• - bracket or plate with holes on the mast for fastening the shrouds
• - one of the elements of the deck device
• - curve obtained when crossing the surface of the ship's hull with a horizontal plane corresponding to the water level
• - standing rigging tackle
• - comes from the German word "wachen" - to stand guard, a special type of duty on a ship, for which part of the personnel is allocated. Watches are also called certain periods of time of the day during which this service is carried out in one shift. In this sense, the day on ships is divided into five watches: from noon to 18 hours, from 18 hours to 24 hours, from 0 hours to 4 hours in the morning, 4 am to 8 am, 8 am to 12 noon. People who have changed from watch are called watchmen
• - a cord book in which all events from the life of the ship and the persons on it are recorded, cases of relations with other ships and, in general, all the circumstances of navigation: course, direction and strength of the wind, course, roll, water and air temperature, weather conditions, sea and sky, number of revolutions of the machine, etc. e. The magazine is signed by the watch officer
• - the officer in charge of the watch, the entire watch team is subordinate to him. The chief of the watch for the entire time of his watch is responsible for the safety of the ship for keeping it in constant good order for the observance of order for the execution of all orders of the commander and senior officer (assistant ship commander)
• - light five-six-month swing boat; depending on the purpose for which it serves, it receives the name of an admiral's captain or rescue whaleboat
• - auxiliary ship anchor weighing about 1/3 of the anchor. It is used in various cases: to help anchor anchors during a storm, it is brought in on a boat when pulling a ship aground, etc.
• - move the ship, bringing the anchor (verp) on the boat and pulling the ship to this anchor
• - a device for connecting the boom with the mast
• - a place for the construction of ships on the seashore of a lake or river
• - the upper platform or floor on the ship, its bow is called the tank, then the waist follows, then - quarter quarters and finally the aft part of the upper deck is called the poop
• - west
• - orderly on the ships of the tsarist fleet
• - it becomes steeper, it enters - it becomes more accommodating
• - protruding part on the treasury of the gun
• - remove sails
• - slow down the spire
• is the volume of water displaced by the vessel. The weight of this volume is equal to the weight of the ship
• - an artificial stone wall that protects the raid from waves coming from the sea
• - a platform on a mast or a barrel attached to it, serving as an observation post
• pile- pieces of hemp trs, loosened into strands and cabels
• - pull, pull
• — shroud steps
• - a wooden lever used to rotate the spire
• - a long narrow flag with braids, raised on a borm-topmast, is raised on ships from the beginning of the campaign and descends with its end

• Gabara- a small medieval sailing ship
• - part of the roadstead, protected naturally or artificially from wind and waves and representing a convenient parking for ships
• Gak- iron or steel hook
• - the upper rounded part of the stern end of the vessel
• - white fire, which is held on the tackboard
• - a type of military rowing vessel that appeared in the Mediterranean around the seventh century BC. e. It had one row of oars, its stem was armed with a long underwater ram. The culminating moment in the history of the "modern" galley is the Battle of Lepanto on October 7, 1571 between the fleets of Spain and Venice on the one hand and Turkey on the other, when 200 Spanish and Venetian galleys led by Juan of Austria defeated 273 Turkish galleys, forever ridding the Mediterranean of the Turkish dominion
• - a large, up to 80 meters in length, military or merchant sailing and rowing vessel. galley-like
• galleries- convicts serving their sentences in the old days on galleys (rowing) ships; worked at oars, galleys were sometimes chained to their places
• - a large sea vessel that had four large and one powerful inclined mast. Huge, clumsy, slow-moving galleons that carried the treasures of the New World to Spain have been tasty prey for the British since the days of Francis Drake and Thomas Cavendish.
• - a small sailing vessel with a carrying capacity of up to 100 tons. Carrying two masts and slanting sails
• is the ship's course relative to the wind. If the wind blows to the port side, the ship goes on the left tack, if on the starboard side - starboard
• - course of the ship
• - a specialist assigned to maintain artillery electrical engineering
• - latrine on the ship
• - lever for lifting weights
• - a device for raising sails
• - A graduate of the naval cadet corps in the Russian fleet
• - an inclined spar tree, at one end resting against the mast from behind, at the other end, a stern flag is raised on the move. The lower sail of the hafel (heel) is held at the mast with a mustache (in the form of a grip). rises and falls with the help of running rigging gear - hafel-halyard, reinforced by the heel, and dirik-fal, strengthened by the toe (upper end of the hafel)
• Gaff armament- a type of sailing rig when the sails are attached to the gaff
• Ancient Greek name for the Dardanelles
• Genoese staysail- triangular sail in the bow of the vessel
• - a spar tree, movably fastened with a mustache or swivel to a mast. Serves to stretch the lower leg (edge) of the sail, the upper leg of which is laced to the gaff (if the sail in this case is trapezoidal)
• - an electromechanical compass, free from the influence of the iron present on the ship
• - tackle running rigging, used for cleaning sails
• - command boat
• - the third deck from the bottom on large ships
• - go to naked Hans - drown - a slang expression in the German fleet
• Slabs- thick wide iron strips that cover the trunnions of the guns so that the latter do not pop out when fired from the trunnion sockets
• - tackle passing through one single pulley block
• Neck- a round or oval opening that serves for access to holds, tanks, etc. Closed with a waterproof cover
• - an ancient device for determining the angle between the horizon and the luminaries. It looks like a small mast with yardarms. also called "Jacob's staff"
• - 1. lower straight sail on the main mast 2. part of the names of sails, spars and rigging located above the top of the main mast
• Grotto boom- a movable wooden beam horizontally attached to the bottom of the main mast to which the lower part of the oblique sail is attached
• - an integral part of the names of all sails, spars and rigging belonging to the main mast below Mars
• - the second mast of the ship, counting from the bow
• - the lowest yard on the main mast
• - a triangular sail, which on large ships is placed on the mainmast
• - two-three-masted ship of the 16-17th centuries, used as a military transport
• - a special flag that is raised on the bow of a warship of the 1st and 2nd rank, anchored.

• Rangefinder- a device for measuring distance
• Double bottom— (or internal). It is done on almost all warships and on large commercial steamships. It serves to protect against the consequences of bottom holes, as well as to increase the strength of the hull. The space between the inner bottom and the outer one is called the bottom space and is subdivided by impermeable longitudinal and transverse partitions into compartments that remain empty or are used to store fresh water, oil, etc.
• Deviation- deviation of the compass, resulting from the influence of ship iron on it
• Deadwood- the gap between the keel and the hull skin in the stern and bow. A pipe for the propeller shaft passes through the aft deadwood
• Derrick– lifting crane with slewing boom
• - tackle of running rigging with a gaff
• landing- landing of military units or a naval detachment ashore for military operations on the coast
• - Chinese ship
• Disposition- a plan for the location of ships for parking in the roadstead
• Trim- the difference between the deepening of the bow and stern
• Doc- a pool that can be drained. Vessels are brought into it for repair. There are also floating docks.
• Dory- a type of small sailing ship common in England
• - deviation of a moving ship from the intended path under the influence of wind, current, strong waves and ice pressure
• - arrange the sails in such a way that from the action of the wind on one sail the ship goes forward, and from its action on the other - backs up. What keeps the ship in place?
• Shot Attack- a signal that was played on the bugle and drum to prepare the ship to repel the attack of destroyers
• Fraction alarm- a signal that was played before the exercise according to the combat schedule
• Dudka- a whistle that signals from the watch. To give a tune - to transmit the order of the watch officer to the ship, having preceded it with a signal on the ship. It was assigned to boatswains and non-commissioned officers
• muzzle plug- a device that protects the gun channel from splashes, dust, etc.
• dunnage— cargo
• Dukong- indigenous fishing boat

• endova- copper dishes with a spout, in the valley they carried vodka upstairs for distribution to the team
• Eat- a word that replaces fleet answers: well, I listen, I understand

• Zhvaka-gals- a piece of chain of the same thickness as the anchor rope is attached to the butt, embedded in the ship's hull with a bracket called a zhvakogalsovy
• Journal watch, ship- a book for regular recording of all events occurring on the ship and outside it, but related to it

• block- stop enemy sea communications or isolate his naval forces in any base of the maritime theater
• batten down- close tightly
• reef- take reefs, that is, reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sail by tying up reef sheets
• zashanhait- kidnap a person. Comes from the name of the city of Shanghai in China, in the port slums of which kidnapping flourished especially
• South- south
• Southwest- southwest
• Zagrebnoy- the rower sitting on the boat first from the stern; it equals all others
• ignition hole- located in the breech of the gun, gunpowder is ignited through it when firing
• - reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails with the help of ties (reef seasons) located in rows on the sails
• Swell- disturbance caused by a distant storm
• - rain and wind jacket

• - a round window with thick glass on the ship
• indicator platform- a platform between the upper parts of the steam cylinders of the main machine
• Iol- a small sailing two-masted ship with slanting sails. The Iol and the similar ketch are the only ships in which the first mast from the bow is higher and is called the main mast, and the second small one is called the mizzen mast or sometimes the jigger mast. Compared to single-masted ships, such as sloops, iols are, under certain conditions, more stable on the course with fair winds and more obedient to manage.

• Kabolka- hemp thread, Strands twist from the cable, cables from the strands
• Casemate- an armored room on board, medium-sized guns are placed in it
• Cabalaring- a sling made of rope. It is wrapped (wound) on the spire and the anchor rope is sown to the endless cable thus obtained, without wrapping it on the spire
• - sea measure of length, equal to 185.2 meters
• - a ship that carries out transportation along the coast
• treasury, treasury- the back of the gun. The gun is divided into two parts along its outer surface: muzzle - from the front cut of the gun to the trunnions; and the breech - from the trunnions to the rear cut. Pins are called tides from the sides of the tool, with which it is placed on the machine
• breech- the back of the gun, screwed onto the casing of the gun
• Caliber— tool channel diameter
• - place for cooking on the ship
• Rope— 1. anchor chain 2. cable over thirteen inches in girth
• Gunboat. or gunboat- a small ship for action off the coast and in rivers, with medium-caliber artillery
• Canoe- Indian boat, light sports boat with one oar
• Captain 1 rank - and the captain of the 2nd rank - ranks of the senior command staff of the fleet, the ranks following them - admiral
• Corporal- in the Russian fleet - the nickname of a non-commissioned officer
• Caravel- three-four-masted sea sailing ship (XIV - XVI centuries), mainly Portuguese and Spanish
• - one of the beams in the structure of the ship
• - a private individual who has received a patent from the government for the right to arm a ship and seize enemy ships and goods; a privateer was called both the ship itself and its captain
• Karakka- a three-masted ship of the 15-17 centuries, used for military and commercial purposes
• - artillery gun
• - an agreement on the exchange of prisoners
• Kartuz- a bag with a charge of gunpowder for a gun
• - ten-sixteen-oar boat of light construction
• mine boat- a small steam ship armed with a torpedo tube. The prototype of the destroyers
• steam boat- a small steam-powered vessel that is taken aboard warships
• - a common cabin where officers gather
• - living quarters on the ship for officers and passengers
• Kayak- a single boat with a two-bladed oar among the peoples of the north
• - a navigation device for measuring the height of celestial bodies
• quarterdeck- aft section of the upper deck of the vessel, raised by a ledge. On the old ships on the quarterdeck, the controls of the ship were concentrated
• - first non-commissioned officer rank
• Ketch (catch)- a two-masted ship. The front mast (main mast) is high, the second is much smaller (mizzen mast) and is located ahead of the rudder head and helmsman. This ketch differs from yol
• - longitudinal connection on the ship, fastening the frames and skilem and providing the longitudinal strength of the ship
• kingston- any valve serves to access sea water into the ship
• clinnket- slide valve, serves to let water in the hold from one compartment to another
• - the main underwater. longitudinal part of the ship, running in the diametrical plane from bow to stern
• Keel blocks- rebounds on which ships are installed in the dock or on land
• - build when the ships go one after another
• - one of the front oblique sails, placed ahead of the foremast
• - a three- or four-masted sailing merchant high-speed vessel or a three-masted sailing-steam military vessel that existed until the end of the 19th century
• - a circle with pulleys at the top of the mast or flagpole
• Hawse- a through hole that serves to pass trs and anchor ropes
• Clues-sack- an iron cover that closes the fairlead so that, with a strong wave, water does not penetrate through it onto the deck
• - vertical metal pedestals. bolted to the deck, serve to attach mooring or towing lines
• cogg- a type of commercial sailing vessel, common in the 12th - 15th centuries in Northern Europe, in particular in the Hanseatic League
• bed nets- special chests on the upper deck of the ship, in which bunks were placed
• - ship cook
• Kokor- a cylindrical bag of gunpowder, used to supply charges from the cruise chamber to the guns
• - gunner
• Commodore- in England, Holland and the USA - the commander of a formation of small ships, with a rank below rear admiral, as well as the commander of a large liner
• Cockpit- aft part of the lowest deck
• sorcerer- weather vane
• Coaming- edging on the deck around the perimeter of the hatch
• Kondriki- shoulder lace or ribbon patches worn by non-commissioned officers
• Caulker- hemp or cotton, hammered into the grooves and joints of the skin to seal them
• - an intermediate rank between an officer and a non-commissioned officer. Closest Assistant Specialist Officer
• End- any free tackle of small length
• Contra-tack or contra-course-ships move in opposite directions
• - sail
• - part of the stern
• - the smallest three-masted ship in the navy. Armed with 17 to 30 guns located on the upper deck, it carried the same windage. like a frigate, designed for parcels and reconnaissance
• Dirk- a hand weapon like a small dagger, assigned to the commanding staff of the fleet
• - the science of navigation
• - rope ring
• combat coefficients- numbers expressing conditionally combat qualities of military ships in relation to other ships of the same type
• - a rod with a handle for pulling the gear of a sailing ship
• Coordinate- the ship successively describes two arcs, equal in length and symmetrically located in different directions from the course line
• Stern- the back of the ship is winding gear
• Cat- 1. metal hook on a rope. 2. nine-tailed whip for corporal punishment
• Fender- a bag stuffed with tow and braided with a thin cable, hung overboard to protect against damage when approaching another ship or pier
• Crumball- on sailing ships - a wooden bar attached to the ship's cheekbone serves to lift the anchor. Replaced by an iron beam on more modern ships. The expression "to starboard" or "to left" determines the position of an object visible from the ship in the direction of the arm
• Karbas– deckless industrial and fishing vessel of the White Sea coasts
• Kraspitsa- a crossbar on the mast for spacing the shrouds and stays holding the mast
• Kreyskr yacht- a type of yacht designed for long-distance voyages
• Shrimp- small sea crayfish from the order of decapods
• - a ship with sufficient seaworthiness, significant speed, armament and area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation. Performs reconnaissance and patrol service, there is no protection of escorted transports at sea, lays mines, barriers, participates in cruising raids
• Bank- inclination of the ship on its side from a vertical position
• - clean the bottom of the ship from algae, shells
• - strong wooden roundels, which prevent the ship from direct contact with the embankment wall and thus soften strong blows
• - a word denoting that the parts of the spars, rigging and sails, before the name of which it stands. Belong to a mizzen mast above her mars
• - a sail raised on a cruise topmast
• - a ship's cellar in which gunpowder is stored. Usually located in the underwater part of the vessel
• - observation platform on the mizzen mast
• - 1. fourth deck on the ship, counting from the top 2. crew accommodation
• cupor- ship's cooper
• Well- the direction of the vessel's movement relative to the cardinal points or relative to the wind
• - small sailing ship

• tack- go on a sailing ship in variable courses (along a broken line)
• - a device for determining the speed of the vessel
• Lagoon- a shallow body of water in the middle of an atoll, connected to the sea
• Lag to the wave- position of the vessel. perpendicular to the direction of movement of waves or wind (lag to the wind)
• Laiba- a simple large Finnish boat with one or two masts, each of which has one sail. Previously, these boats were used in the vicinity of St. Petersburg for the transport of firewood, hay, etc.
• Liner- a high-speed ocean freight-passenger steamer, making flights on a certain line according to a schedule
• latin sail- a triangular sail, which was laced with its upper luff to a long, composite rail rising obliquely, that is, its rear corner was raised high, and the front one was lowered almost to the deck. This is one of the oldest types of sails, which has come down to our days almost unchanged.
• Winch- weight lifting machine
• Lebeza- a tool for driving caulking into grooves
• Leventik- the position of the sails when they stand directly into the wind and rinse
• - a tightly stretched rope, in which both ends are fixed. In particular, a thin steel cable is called a handrail, stretched in two or three rows between posts along the side of the vessel or on bridges to protect open spaces.
• railing- consists of a tightly stretched cable - a handrail that passes through a hole in the handrail posts, fixed vertically on the deck. It is installed on the ship in places that do not have a bulwark
• Lieutenant- the second officer rank in the tsarist Russian fleet
• - sailing ghost ship
• - put the sails in such a way that part of them gives thrust forward, part back and the ship would be held in place
• League- a marine measure of length equal to 5.56 km, now unused
• - a three-masted warship carrying from 80 to 120 guns and designed to fight in wake formation
• - a thin cable that sheaths the edge of the sail
• - thin rope
• - whip
• - sails used to help direct sails with fair winds are placed on the sides of these sails on special spar trees - fox spirits
• - a small transport vessel, a non-self-propelled sea barge designed for offshore and intraport transportation
• Lloyd– society of marine insurance and shipping in different countries of Europe and America
• shovel deck- squeeze water from a wet deck with a rubber shovel
• - a device for measuring depth
• Location- part of the science of navigation. It is engaged in a detailed study of the seas and oceans and serves as a guide on how to locate ship courses along them, bypassing all dangers and trying on the prevailing winds, currents, shoals and other local conditions, and how to navigate them in the shortest possible time. For this purpose, all the seas and oceans, as well as the shores surrounding them and the shores of countless islands, are described in the sailing directions; almost everywhere the depths have been explored, and dangerous places are lined with warning signs. For all the seas, maps have been drawn up on one scale or another. All descriptions of the seas bear the title of a sailing guide. or sailing directions and, together with maps, constitute the main aids for swimming
• - pump well
• – a specialist in piloting a ship within a difficult and dangerous area for navigation
• Luger sail- oblique sail, rising on a retractable topmast rail
• - high-speed two-masted vessel
• Luke- a hole in the deck for going down

• Main steam pipe- the main steam pipe that receives steam from all the ship's boilers
• mamerinets- a device at artillery towers that prevents water and debris from getting into the gap between the armored part of the tower and the deck; starts for the trip, when the weather is expected
• Mars- platform on the mast at the place of its connection with the topmast
• - a sail that is placed between the mars-ray and the lower yard (the second trapezoidal sail from the bottom on sailing ships with direct sails)
• Mars- a prefix, meaning that the concept following it belongs to Maxel or Mars-Ray
• - the second ray from the bottom, to which the topsail is tied
• — sailors-specialists in rigging; sailors in the sailing fleet. working on mars
• Marsaflot– an experienced sailor who knows and loves the maritime business of the sailing period; for some time now pronounced in an ironic sense
• Matelote- a nearby ship in the ranks
• - a vertical or slightly inclined to the stern spar, installed in the diametrical plane of the vessel
• Lighthouse- an artificial structure that serves to determine the position of the vessel when sailing near the coast. An ordinary lighthouse is a tower on which a fire is lit at night. On the shallows, going far from the coast or on the banks, they put for the same purpose special vessels with lanterns, called lightships.
• Megaphone- a large mouthpiece that serves to transmit orders and conversations at a great distance
• sea ​​mile- a measure of length at sea, equal to 1.85 km.
• Self-propelled mine- a steel cigar-shaped projectile 5-8 meters long and 54-55 cm in diameter. One of the main guns of the navy. It is thrown into the water towards the enemy from the ship from a special torpedo tube. In the water, the torpedo goes at a certain depth under its own power with the help of an engine placed in it, which rotates the propellers. The torpedo engine runs on compressed air. When a torpedo collides with a ship, a projectile filled with explosives located in the head of the torpedo explodes.
• minefield- a metal ball filled with explosives. It is put into the water at anchor on the way of ships. When a ship touches a mine, it explodes and destroys the underwater part of the ship's hull
• miner- an ordinary mine specialist
• - high-speed warship armed with torpedo tubes
• mine cruiser- the term is obsolete; mine cruisers were called relatively large destroyers
• - the first officer rank in the tsarist fleet
• Mol- a port facility in the form of a wall protruding into the sea, resting at one end against the coast and serving to protect the port from waves and currents
• Bridge- a light superstructure on the upper deck, protected from waves and wind. On the so-called navigation bridge, the instruments necessary to control the vessel on the move are concentrated.
• Monsoon- a periodic wind that changes its direction depending on the time of year. monsoons occur mainly in the tropics

• Embankment- a wall of reinforced concrete or large stones built on the seashore, protecting the coast from erosion by waves
• - facing the direction from which the wind blows
• Navigation- Department of Naval Science. It indicates methods for determining the exact location of a ship when sailing in view of the coast and the approximate location on the high seas. It's also called the season. in which the voyage continues in the known sea
• - wooden nail
• Grooming- polish
• - bind. wrapping a cable around two or more objects. The cable is called nayt
• - a wooden cabinet with a compass on it
• god of the seas in roman mythology
• - gear running rigging, serving to lower the sails when they are cleaned
• Noki- the ends of all yards, the rear ends of the booms, the upper ends of the gaffs, etc.
• Knock-benzel angle- the angle of the sail, which is attached to the leg of the gaff or yard
• North- north
• - northeast wind, usually strong and cold
• noria- an endless chain with supplied cartridges from cartridge magazines to guns

• Chief Auditor- an officer or naval officer who conducts a preliminary investigation of cases arising in the squadron, as well as leading the correspondence of the flagship on judicial and disciplinary cases, issues of legal and international law
• Paint the ray- turn it so that one knock goes forward, the other back
• - put it on the topmast, that is, turn it so that the wind blows in its front side. In this case, the ship will reverse
• Tack (turn)- turn of a sailing vessel, in which it crosses the line of the wind with its bow
• Watermaker- apparpt, which serves for desalination of outboard salt water
• optical sight- a device used to aim a gun at a target. The main part of the optical sight is the spotting scope
• gun port- a window in the side of the ship for guns
• Draft- the depth of the ship, measured in feet or in metric measures
• rigging– running and standing rigging on the ship
• Ost- East
• Stability- the ability of the ship to float in balance (in a straight position) and easily return to a state of equilibrium when it is taken out of it
• Distinguishing lights- all ships, both steam and sailing, on the move at night must carry a green light on the right side, on the left - a red light
• compartments- separate rooms inside the ship, delimited by special partitions along and across the ship. By this, the ship is largely protected from sinking in the event of a hole. Compartment bulkheads prevent water from spreading throughout the vessel
• Give away the sails- dissolve the seasons with which they were tied
• Give tackle- unscrew the tackle from the bollard or from the dowel. where she was wrapped. or release it from the hands if it was in the hands
• Drop anchor- lower the anchor into the water
• unmoor- attach the ship to the shore or pier using mooring lines

• packet boat- mail ship
• Pal- a cast-iron, stone, wooden pedestal or several piles fastened together, for which mooring lines are started
• Deck- wooden or metal horizontal covering of the ship's hull
• Palnik- a shaft at the end of which a wick is fixed
• Paly- hinged stoppers mounted on the lower part of the capstan baller
• - stable easterly winds with a component directed to the equator, blowing in the trade wind zone between 30 degrees N. sh. and 30 degrees S
• sailboat- 1. this is the abbreviation for a sailing ship 2. a workman who sews sails
• - any vertical partition on the ship
• Hawser- rope or cable with a thickness of 4 to 6 inches in girth
• Perth- a cable stretched on a yard, standing on which the sailors fasten the sails and take the reefs
• pi liner- a vessel from the so-called "Flying P series" of the shipowner and amateur F. Lajes. Most of the company's sailboats had a name starting with the letter "P". So the Soviet sailing ship "Kruzenshtern" - the last ship of this series was formerly called "Padua"
• - rack supporting the deck
• Pirogue- a long and narrow canoe, hollowed out or scorched from a tree trunk
• Pier- a mooring facility in the port, located perpendicular to the shore
• Plankton- small zoo- and phyto-organisms inhabiting the seas
• - a beam covering the upper ends of the frames along the entire boat with sockets for oarlocks
• Patch- a specially made canvas carpet, which is brought under the hole and pressed against it by water pressure, serves as a device for temporary sealing the hole
• Punt- flat bottom boat
• Plutong- a group of guns with the same angle of fire and combined in one place under the command of one chief - a plutong commander
• turns- are carried out on a signal from the flagship to rebuild the squadron from one formation to another and to change the direction of its movement. They are performed either sequentially or all of a sudden6 each in its place, or describe coordinates - an arc to the right or left
• - a turn on a sailing vessel, in which it crosses the line of the wind with its bow
• gybe- the turn of the ship, at which it crosses the line of the wind astern
• - an artillery gun that can shoot straight ahead
• lee side- Opposite to which the wind blows
• - the owner of the ship's property (non-commissioned officer) for the marine part
• half watch- Half watch from 16:00 to 18:00 and from 18:00 to 20:00. Half watches were introduced so that the same person would not be on watch at the same time.
• semi-porches- cannon port shutters
• Forecastle- superstructure in the bow of the vessel, coming from the stem
• - one of the types of marine knots
• - superstructure in the stern of the vessel
• - pressure hand pump
• - 1. an opening in the side of the ship;
• handrail- a wooden beam rounded at the top or a metal bar, fixed on railing posts, enclosing the upper deck, ladders
• instillations- long levers, through which it was possible to raise the breech to put wooden lifting wedges under it, as well as to produce a slight lateral movement of the gun
• Ramrod- a cylindrical piston on a long shaft, with which the cap was sent and sealed
• Luff- take a course closer to the wind line, closer to close-hauled. If the ship, changing course, approaches the wind line, they say that it is driven (goes steeper, rises), and if its bow moves away from this line, it goes fuller, bears away
• - war booty, an enemy ship or its cargo, from which the winners received their share, the so-called prize money
• jetty- part of the embankment. equipped with mooring facilities for mooring ships
• spotlight- a lighting device that gives a narrow beam of strong light, adapted to direct the rays over a relatively long distance and in any direction
• gooseberry- long scraper for cleaning the bore
• - a hole in the deck of a sailing ship

• radio room- a room on a ship in which radio transmitters and radio receivers are located
• Sink- side cut in the stern of the vessel
• - the general name of all wooden devices for carrying sails
• rendezvous- place of meeting or junction of ships
• Ratier's lantern (Ratier's lantern)- a lantern of a special device for negotiating at night, hidden from the enemy
• Auditor- officer in charge of the economic part of the ship
• Regatta- multi-day sailing races
• - a round spar tree that serves to carry sails
• - water area near the coast, which is a convenient parking for ships, protected from wind and waves
• Reconnaissance- reconnaissance of the situation, survey of the area
• relation- report on military incidents
• rehearsal ship- a ship that rehearses signals
• rehearse- repeat signals
• lattice hatch- a lattice frame made of bars or slats, covering the hatch from above
• - a horizontal row of strings threaded through the sail, through which it is possible to reduce its surface. The topsails have four rows of them, the lower sails have two
• - short cables to reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails
• - the ends of the rope for tying the sail when it is required to reduce its area
• even keel- the position of the vessel, which does not have a trim
• - schedule of wind distribution by seasons and direction
• Rosters- an elevation above the upper deck, on which longboats and other boats are placed
• felling- office space of the vessel. There are navigator's cabins, helmsmen's cabins, radio, on a warship there is an armored conning tower. from which during the battle the command of the ship is exercised
• Steering wheel- a vertical plate that rotates on an axis in the aft underwater part of the vessel
• - one of the thirty-two divisions of the compass, equal to 11 and a quarter degrees. The direction from the center of the visible horizon to points on its circumference. Of the many rhumbas, 32 have special names. The word "rhumb" also means the value between two adjacent rhumbs, and in this sense it is considered that one rhumb is equal to 11 degrees 15 minutes. If they say that the ship turned 4 points to the right, then it turned 45 degrees to the right
• - closed bunks in which the personal belongings of the team are stored
• - a lever mounted on the head of the steering wheel. With its help, the steering wheel is shifted
• - platforms on the outer sides of the vessel, which serve to remove the guys
• - a prearranged signal that is struck on the ship's bell to control time, as well as during fog

• - a frame of longitudinal and transverse bars, mounted on the topmast at the junction with the next topmast
• Firework- a greeting given by a blank shot from guns
• Light semaphore- a system of negotiations at close range at night with the help of two hand lamps
• segment projectile- a special device, an artillery projectile used to hit targets with fragments from above
• - tackle in the form of a belt for grabbing the sail to the yards
• sextant a hand-held astronomical instrument used by sailors to locate a vessel at sea
• Semaphore- a system of negotiations at close range with the help of hand flags
• Seiner- a fishing vessel that has very few deck superstructures
• - navigation device
• Separator- a device that separates the water entrained by it from the steam
• Signal- a conventional sign for transmitting orders, instructions, reports, etc. to a remote distance.
• Signalman- sailor-specialist serving optical communications and surveillance on the ship
• - 1. strikes the bell every half hour. The count began at noon: 12.30 one stroke, 13.00 two strokes, and so on up to eight strokes. Then the count started from the beginning. 2. Hourglass
• - a bulge in the front surface of the vessel
• Tackle- all cables and ropes with closed ends in running and standing rigging
• - shift from midnight to four in the morning.
• Spardek- hinged deck located in the middle of the vessel
• Spinnaker- an additional triangular sail made of light canvas, which is placed on yachts with a fair wind
• Splash- connect the two ends together without a knot, passing the strands of one into the strands of the other
• SOS- a distress signal transmitted by radio in Morse code
• - the first triangular slanting sail raised along the handrail or stay ahead of the mast, and on large sailboats between the masts
• Anchor- ship's main anchor
• slipway- the site on which the ship is being built
• Starpom- chief mate
• starnpost- the old name of the sternpost
• Senior officer- first assistant commander
• Become a lag- become a board to a wave or another vessel
• target- a position in which two or more objects are in the same vertical plane with the eye of the observer
• Shelving- shelves in cartridge cellars and in kruyt-chambers. on which shells, cartridges and cases of gunpowder are stored
• Sten- an abbreviation for "topmast", an integral part of all parts. belonging to the topmast
• - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the mast up
• topmast flag- a flag hoisted on a topmast
• - auxiliary ship anchor
• Temperley's Arrow- a special device used for loading coal
• build- For the convenience of managing a formation of ships or a squadron in a campaign and in battle, ships move in formation. Stands are distinguished: in a wake column - ships follow each other; bearing - the ships go in ledges to the left, to the right; front - the ships go in line; wedge - formed from two systems of bearing
• Sling- a large ring of cable, the ends of which are tied (splashed): it covers the load when lifting with hoists
• Submarine- Submarine
• crew list- a complete list of the ship's crew with an indication of their positions
• Sushi paddles- a command by which the oars are taken out of the water on the boat and kept parallel to the latter, aligning their blades
• - inter-deck space
• - a relatively large single-masted vessel, similar in armament to a sloop: gaff mainsail, topsail, and topmast on the mast. Modern yachts do not carry these weapons.
• Awning- canvas, stretched over the upper deck and bridges to protect personal space from the sun's rays, as well as from the heating of the deck itself. To protect from the rain, rain awnings are pulled from a denser canvas
• crowd- excitement, characterized by steep splashing oncoming waves, going in two or more directions
• top- top, top of a vertical spar tree: masts, topmasts
• Top mast- upper end of the mast
• top fire- a white light raised on the move by steam ships on the fore mast or ahead of it, illuminates the horizon directly along the bow, to the right and left of it by 10 points. Visibility must be at least five miles. or nine kilometers
• Topsel- a sail raised with gaff weapons over the mainsail. Not worn on modern yachts
• — 1. direction at right angles to the ship's course; 2. on the ship - a transverse armored partition for protection against fragments
• - loosen tackle
• Trajectory- the line described by the center of gravity of the projectile during its flight after the shot
• - means of combating mines, which is important to detect and destroy minefields
• Transport- an auxiliary vessel designed to transport troops, food and military supplies, supplies of coal, oil, water, etc. for the operating fleet
• Ladder- any ladder on the ship
• Trier- rowing ship of ancient Greece, had three rows of oars
• trimaran- three-hull ship
• - a small triangular sail made of strong material, rises on yachts during a storm
• Cable- the general name of any rope on a ship
• - the lowest part of the internal space of the vessel, located between the bottom and the lower deck
• Tuzik- small light boat for 2-3 people
• Dewatering turbines– powerful vane-type pumps are used to quickly pump out water, the productivity reaches 500 tons per hour

• - a unit of length in maritime affairs: the distance traveled by a vessel in 0.5 minutes of time. The length (conditional) of the knot is considered equal to 48 feet. Therefore, how many knots the ship passes in 0.5 min. how many nautical miles does it travel per hour
• collier- a ship for the transport of coal
• - free passage between dangerous places, furnished with warning signs or a certain way for navigation of ships
• Felucca- a small sailing and rowing vessel on the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas. Serves for fishing and small transportation of local cargo
• - one of the anchor lines
• Wick- a special pro-nitrated tourniquet for lighting on the tank near the tub of water; comic sailor's name of reprimand of the authorities
• - Commander of a unit of warships. The ship on which the flagship resides raises a special distinctive sign on the mast
• Flagship- the vessel on which the flagship holds her flag
• Flag Captain- a staff officer attached to the admiral, all the ranks of the headquarters are subordinate to him, the chief of staff
• flag officer- chief officer, who is attached to the head of the unit and performs adjutant duties
• Flagship Specialists- mechanical engineer, ship engineer, gunner, miner, navigator, doctor, etc., consisting of the headquarters of the squadron chief
• Flagpole- a pole (rod, stand), on which the stern flag is raised
• Wing- left or right side of columned ships
• flutes- sea sailing transport ship of the 16-17th centuries, distributed mainly in Holland
• Flotilla- a group of ships engaged in the performance of some common task and going in the same direction
• fok- lower sail on the first mast from the bow
• Fock- an integral part of the name of all sails, spars and rigging belonging above the fore-mars
• - the first mast from the bow
- a three-masted ship, the second largest after the linear one. It was more stable than a battleship, had higher masts, greater windage and surpassed it in the course, but carried less artillery
• - a narrow bay with high rocky shores

• wheelhouse- felling. from which the ship is steered during the course
• Fridge- a device used to condense exhaust steam into water
• Chronometer- portable spring watch, characterized by an accurate course

• trunnions- small cylindrical protrusions in the middle of the gun barrel, inserted into the trunnion nests of the gun carriage
• Rear sight- the movable part of the gun sight, moves left and right to correct for the movement of the target, its course and side wind
• High and low pressure cylinders- if the ship's main piston machine has three steam cylinders and the steam passes through the first, second and third cylinders in series, then the machine is called triple expansion. The first cylinder, where steam from the boiler enters, is called the high pressure cylinder, the second is the medium pressure cylinder, and the third is the low pressure cylinder. If the low pressure cylinder turns out to be too large in diameter, then its volume is divided into two equal ones and two low pressure cylinders are placed. Thus a triple expansion machine can have four cylinders.
• Circulation- the curve along which the ship's center of gravity moves when the rudder is deflected
• Tank- special storage on ships for fresh water, oil, wine, etc.

• Charter- an agreement containing the conditions for the provision of all or part of the vessel for the carriage of goods by sea
• - small light boat
• Chip- "shavings", a slang nickname for a ship's carpenter

• Sabbat- on this command, the rowers take out the oars from the oarlocks and put them in the boat
• - a cable with which a ship is tied to another ship or to the shore
• Daggerboard- a retractable fin that prevents the vessel from drifting downwind.
• Xebec- a small vessel with a strongly extended stem and a far protruding deck, used mainly by corsairs of the northern coast of Africa
• Shelf- coastal part of the sea
• - coordinate. Together with longitude, it is used to determine the position of a point on the earth's surface. Latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and a plumb line passing through a given point. Measured from the equator to the poles from 0 to 90 degrees. (north and south latitude)
• Storm ladder- cable suspended portable ladder
• Storm sails- special slanting lower sails, which are set during a storm
• Steering wheel- a mechanical device with the help of which the steering wheel is shifted
• - shipmaster, assistant commander for driving a ship at sea
• Shturtros- transmission from the steering wheel to the tiller
• Skerries- island coast; sea ​​coast, densely dotted with islets with narrow straits
• - a sailing vessel having at least two masts and carrying slanting sails on all masts

• Evolution- a maneuver performed by ships in service to change course, connect the distance between ships, build in another formation, and so on
• - detail of fastening of the spars
• - block for pulling the cables

• Anchor- a device that holds the vessel in clean water by hooking on the bottom
• Anchor place- a place suitable for parking ships
• - small service boat
• Yacht- any ship, steam, or sailboat, adapted for sea trips
• Yachting- sailing
• Yacht Club— an organization, a society uniting yachtsmen

Alphabetical Dictionary of Marine Terms.*

Introduction!

* The alphabetical dictionary lists all the terms that refer to this ship. You will find illustrations of almost all terms in 4 pages of drawings. The meanings of the numbers (from 1 to 152 in the drawings are described in the list below the dictionary). All other illustrations have been added to the alphabetical dictionary.

Alphabetical Dictionary of Marine Terms

A

Akhterlyuk - an opening in the deck behind the mainmast for loading cargo into the aft hold of the ship.

Akhtershteven - (Dutch achtersteven, achter - rear, steven - stem, riser) - a bar installed in the rear of the keel vertically to it; the steering wheel is suspended from the sternpost. The sternpost consists of several parts: a false post, a star knit and filling trees - aft deadwood.

Anaput - several cables fixed in the drilled edge of the mars platform and passing through a wooden block with holes - a anapath block. It is necessary in order to avoid catching the topsails on the tops. It was installed between the leading edge of the Mars and the headstay.

B

Buck - (Dutch bak) - a superstructure in the bow of the deck, reaching the stem. The tank used to be called the bow of the upper deck (in front of the foremast). It serves to protect the upper deck from being flooded by the oncoming wave, to increase unsinkability, to accommodate office space, etc. (topmost fig.)

Backstay - standing rigging gear supporting spars, bokanets, davits, topmasts, chimneys, etc. from the sides.

Bayfoot - a piece of rope sheathed in leather, with the help of which a yard or gaff is held in a girth at the mast or topmast. At the lower yards, the bayfoot are iron, with swivels.

Blocks - the simplest mechanisms used to lift weights, as well as to change the direction of the ropes when they are pulled. A device with a rotating pulley wheel inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.

Blinda Ray - spar on the bowsprit. Abandoned the use of the blind in the eighteenth century. Sometimes now, instead of a blind yard, they put two processes - a blind hafel.

Bitt - 1. Wooden or metal pedestal on the deck of the ship for attaching cables. The anchor chain is wrapped around the bitten, which reduces the speed of the anchor's return. 2. With coffee-pin strips - for fastening running rigging.

Brig - two-masted sailing ship of the XVIII-XIX centuries. with direct sailing equipment for sentinel, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.

Bras - running rigging gear, fixed on the legs of the yards and serving to turn the yard in a horizontal plane (brasing the yard).

Bom- belonging to the penultimate level of the spar tree.

Bom-carrier - spar tree serving as a continuation I eat coal.

Bom jib - the first slanting sail from above in front of the foremast (the most forward jib).

Board - side of the ship.

Bram- belonging to the highest level of the spar tree.

Bram topmast - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast and goes up from it.

bowline - a tackle that is used to pull the leech of the lower straight sail to the bow so that the ship can sail steeply into the wind.

Bowsprit - spars fixed on the bow of the vessel horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (about 35 degrees). The standing rigging of the front mast topmast is attached to the bowsprit, as well as the rigging of oblique sails - jibs. On large ships, the bowsprit was made composite: the continuation of the bowsprit is a jib, and the continuation of the jib is a bom-jib.

Bay - cable wrapped in circles.

Buyrep - a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy), which indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.

Bisan - an oblique sail placed on a mizzen mast, the upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet. The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spars, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the rai will be called "begin-rai", and the word "cruise" is added to the spars located above the mars platform and on the topmasts.

IN

Guys - (Dutch - want) - tackle of standing ship rigging. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, being braces to the side and a few to the stern.

Vant putens - iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached from the outside to the side of the vessel, and the upper end is laid behind the lower yufers. Not to be confused with putens guys.

Water-wooling - bowsprit mount with stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain were made. On modern sailing ships, they are replaced by iron yokes and brackets.

Wooling - a bandage that tightens several beams in the manufacture of lower masts and bowsprits. Usually consisted of five or six cable hoses laid around the mast. The distance between adjacent vulings was approximately 1 m.

Vympel - (Dutch - wimpel) - a long narrow flag with pigtails, raised on the mast of a warship in campaign.

Vyblenki - segments of a thin cable tied across the shrouds and acting as steps when climbing the shrouds to the masts and topmasts.

Shot - a horizontally located spar suspended under water perpendicular to the side of the ship. The shots are designed to take the sail overboard, fasten the boats and create the appropriate spacing for the rigging.

Displacement - weight of the ship in tons, i.e. the amount of water displaced by the submerged part of the ship's hull.

G

Tacks - simple cables that pull the clews or tacks of slanting sails to the bow and fasten them.

Gardel - running rigging tackle on ships with direct sailing rigs, used to lift the lower yards or gaffs.

Gafel - (Dutch - gaffel) (boom) - a spar tree, which at its lower end - the heel - has a fork - a mustache covering the mast. Mustaches allow you to raise the gaff along the mast or turn the boom relative to it. The gaffs are used to fasten the upper luff of the trisails, and the booms are used to fasten the lower one.

latrine - nasal overhang, which was a continuation of grep. Served mainly for decorative purposes and to support the bowsprit.

Gallery - aft decoration, windows or open balconies, as part of the living area of ​​the captain's and officers' quarters. As a rule, richly decorated with the name of the ship inscribed.

Grotto-, Grotto- belonging to the main mast. (i.e. refers to the second mast in front).

Grotto - 1. The general name of the middle (highest) mast of sailing ships. 2. A straight sail, the lowest on the second mast from the bow (main mast), is tied to the main yard. 3. A word added to the names of yards, sails and rigging located above the main mast.

Mainsail-bom-bramsel - the fourth sail from the bottom is on the main mast.

Mainsail bramsel - the third from the bottom is a straight sail on the mainmast, raised on a bram-topmast above the topsail.

Mainsail - the second from the bottom is a straight sail on the main mast, placed between the top yard and the lower yard.

Main hatch - the middle hatch on the deck of the ship.

Gitovs - running rigging gear used for cleaning straight sails and trisails. The giths of straight sails pull the clews of the sail to the yard. Trisail gits pull the sail to the gaff and mast.

Geek - a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and facing the stern of the ship with its free end. The luff of the oblique sail is laced to the boom.

Guys - In Russia: a red flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross, bordered with white stripes, and with a white straight cross. Hoisted on the bowsprit flagpole (from 8 am to dusk) together with the stern flag, but only during anchorage.

Guys-stock - a rack on which the guis rises.

D

Dirik-fal - tackle running rigging, which serves to lift the claim end of the gaff.

Dryrep - 1. (mars-fal) - tackle for lifting the mars-rai. 2. a chain or wire rope attached to the yard and passing through the block to lift it. Any dryrep usually ends with hoists, called halyards. For example, marsa-drayrep and marsa-fal together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.

W

Zaval-tali - tackle to hold the boom, preventing it from spontaneous transfer to the other side on a full course.

TO

Carronade - short, light, large-caliber cast-iron cannon.

boat - boat with 2 masts and 10 oars.

Knecht - 1. on a sailing ship, a square bar used for traction and fastening of the ends and some gear of running rigging. 2. double metal bollard for fastening mooring lines. It happens with a crossbar that helps to hold the wound cable, called a bollard spreader.

Coffee-nagel - rods made of hard wood or metal, about 30 cm long. Inserted into the holes of the coffee-nail strip for fastening and laying gear of running rigging.

coffee bar - a wooden or metal beam with holes for coffee pins, attached horizontally to the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side.

Cleaver - oblique triangular sail placed forward of the foremast. From the wall-rigging to the butt of the jib, a rail is drawn, along which the jib rises and falls. On a ship where there are three of them, the second sail from the mast is called a jib. The first is called the staysail and the third is called the boom jib. Cleaver appeared in the XVIII century

Feed - rear end of the ship. The stern is considered to be the part of the vessel from its very rear part to the hatch closest to it or the end of the aft superstructure. (topmost fig.)

Counter mizzen - gaff sail, behind a straight line on a mizzen mast. If there is a lower straight sail on the rear mast, it is called a mizzen. If there is no direct sail there, the gaff sail bears the name mizzen.

keel - (English - keel) - the main longitudinal connection of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the diametrical plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a beam protruding outward, to which the frames are attached. (second picture from top)

Keel blocks - two stands made of wood, carved in the shape of the bottom of the boat. Boats are installed on them.

Knjavdiged - ancient sailing ships have a protruding upper part of the water cutter. The upper part of the knyavdiged was decorated with a carved figure. (second picture from top)

Cathead - a beam with an attached bracket, on which one or two blocks were placed, which served to lift the anchor.

L

Carriage - a wooden pedestal for holding a gun (cannon), controlling and moving it around the deck.

Elk headstay - one of the double stays, on which the oblique sail goes.

Lopar - the running or outer end, both for hoists and for any tackle.

Lisel-alcohols - thin spar trees on the fore- and main-yards and on the fore- and main-mars-yards, which are used for setting foxes.

Hatches - openings in decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.

Leer - a metal rod or a tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable used for tying sails, pulling awnings, drying clothes, etc. Handrails are also called ropes fixed on racks that replace the ship's bulwark, and ropes that are pulled to prevent people from falling overboard during a storm.

M

Mast - vertical spar tree. Masts are used to install sails, cargo arrows, signaling and communication devices, to raise flag signals, etc.

Martin geek - a spar tree, fortified vertically under the bowsprit ezelgoft with its bow down. Its upper end was forked. Serves for the spacing of water stays.

Mars - (landing platform) - a platform on the top of a composite mast attached to long salings and spreaders. On sailing ships, it serves to spread the shrouds and a place for some work when setting and cleaning sails. Rangefinders and small-caliber guns were installed on the mars of warships.

H

Niral - the only git of jibs and staysails.

Knock - the end of a spar located horizontally or at some angle to the horizon plane (boom, hafel, yardarm, etc.). In addition, the outer end of the bowsprit, jib and bom jib is called a nok.

Nagel - 1. A wooden nail that fastens parts of wooden ships. 2. Axis pulley block.

ABOUT

Butt - a bolt with a ring or forging with an eye in its upper part instead of a head. Designed for attaching rigging hooks or block slings.

P

Deck - the horizontal tier of the ship. Starting from above, they had the following appointments: quarter-deck - an open deck to control the ship; opera deck - upper battery deck; mid-deck - middle battery deck; orlop-dec - deck of residential and service premises; hold - the lowest deck. (topmost fig.)

sail - fabric attached to an object (spar), stretched relative to the wind in such a way that its pressure creates a force that sets the object in motion.

See the name of each sail.

Water pump - ship pumps serving for different purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.

A gun - airborne gun, the main charge, which is the core.

Perth - ropes fixed under the yards, on which people working on the yards stand.

Pyatners - a round or elliptical hole in the deck through which the mast passed, also a structure holding the end of the bowsprit.

Putens Guys - 1. iron bars, the lower ends of which are located on the rax-yoke of the lower yard or under the rax-yoke on a special putens-vant-yoke. Then putens shrouds are passed through the holes along the edge of the mars, and their upper ends are completed with rings, to which putens shrouds are attached with brackets. (Connections going from the guys from under the mars to its side edges; serve to strengthen the edges of the mars and prevent it from bending upwards from the pull of the wall-shrouds.) 2. special braces - similar to short, going down, the guys that pull putensy and are attached to the board under the rusleny. In our time, when there are no more channels on sailboats, only these guy lines going down from the mars platform are commonly called putens shrouds.

R

Spars - (from the Dutch "rondhout" - a round tree) - on ships of the sailing fleet, the spars meant wooden or metal parts of the ship's armament, designed to carry sails, carry out cargo work, raise signals, etc. A collective word for all wooden parts of the ship , such as: masts, topmast, bram-topmast, yard, booms, gaffs, cargo arrows, etc.

Rax-bougel - consist of 1-3 rows of wooden balls put on cables that hold the horizontal spar on the vertical.

Ray - spars suspended by the middle with a bayfoot to a mast or topmast for setting sails or for attaching signal halyards.

Rawls - a roller cast from cast iron or machined from strong wood and freely rotating on an axle. The rollers are placed, for example, in bale bars or separately to guide the cable, to support the steering rods, etc.

Rosters - a place on the deck where the spare spars are stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostras.

Rumpel - (from gol. - roerpen, roer - paddle, steering wheel) - a lever fixed at the top of the steering wheel. Transmits torque from the force generated by the steering machine or manually.

Rusleni - powerful beams along the outer sides of the sailing ship, located at the level of the upper deck against the masts. They serve to carry the shrouds, which are attached to the sides with shrouds.

Rym - a strong iron ring embedded in a deck, side or pier.

WITH

Saling - a wooden or steel structure that serves to connect the topmast with its continuation - the bram-topmast, and the bram-topmasts with the bom-bram-topmast and for spreading the bram- and bom-bram-shrouds to the sides. Saling is a frame of two longitudinal bars - long-salings and two or three bars intersecting with long-salings - spreaders. Salings are called depending on their belonging to a particular mast: fore-saling, main-saling and cruise-saling.

Sten- belonging to the topmast (i.e. to the second vertical spar from the bottom)

Topmast - (Dutch - steng) - a removable spar tree, which is a continuation of the ship's mast. Next comes the bram-topmast, and then the bom-bram-mastmast.

T

Rigging - the general name of all gear, which is generally the armament of the ship or the armament of the spar. The rigging that serves to hold the spars in the proper position is called standing, the rest is called running.

Tali - lifting device, consisting of two blocks (movable and fixed), interconnected by a cable, one end of which is fixed at one of the blocks.

Lanyard - a kind of hoist or tension guy for pulling standing rigging or pulling a load.

Topenant - running rigging tackle attached to the foot of the yard and used to set the yard at one angle or another to the horizontal plane. Topenant is also called a tackle that supports the nose of a cargo boom, boom, hafel.

Top - the upper end of any vertical spars, such as masts, topmasts, flagpoles.

Tombuy - see boomrep.

At

Duck - chiseled wooden plank or casting, fixed to the inside of the side and deck for attaching the sheets of the lower sails and trisails. Sometimes the ducks were placed on shrouds, to which they were lashed.

Utlegar - spar tree serving as a continuation of the bowsprit.

F

Fal - tackle used to raise some yards, sails, signal flags, etc.

Flag - a rectangular panel sewn from a light woolen fabric - a flag - of different colors and serving as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, meaning which state the given vessel belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.

Flagpole - the top of the mast or a special pole used to raise the flag .

Foca-, Fore- affiliation to the foremast (i.e., the first mast in front of the ship) A word added to the names of yards, sails, and rigging above the foremast's marshes.

Forduny - standing rigging gear supporting topmasts, bram-masts, etc. from behind and from the sides. If there are two pairs of gear supporting the same spar, the gear attached closer to the bow is called backstay, and the back one is called fordun.

Fore-sten-staysail, Fore-bom-bramsel, Fore-bramsel, Fort-marseille - see. analogy with Grotto.

fok - a straight sail, the lowest on the forward mast (foremast) of the ship. Attached to the fore-yard.

stem - a beam forming the front end of the vessel (the continuation of the keel in the bow). (second picture from top)

W

sheet - a tackle fixed to the lower corner of a straight or lower rear corner of a slanting sail (clew) and drawn towards the stern of the vessel. Sheets hold the luff of the sail in the desired position. Sheets are also called gear attached to the upper corners of the emergency patch.

Pendant - a short cable with a thimble or block, used to lift boats or cargo.

Spire - a large gate with a vertical axis used to lift the anchor (anchor capstan), select the mooring ends, raise the yards, raise and lower the boats.

Frame - rib of the ship's skeleton (transverse element of the hull structure). (second picture from top)

Stagi - standing rigging gear supporting vertical spars in the longitudinal direction - masts, topmasts, etc.

Steering wheel - a wheel with handles used to steer.

Shturtros - a cable based between the helm and rudder, and passing through a series of fixed blocks. It serves to transfer force from the steering wheel to the tiller, and through it to the steering wheel.

E

Ezelgoft - wooden or metal connecting clip with two holes. With one hole it is put on the top of the mast or topmast, and the topmast or bram-topmast is fired (missed) through the second.

YU

Eufers - a kind of round thick block with smooth holes called windows instead of pulleys. Cable lanyards are based through the yufers.

I

Anchor - a forged metal projectile that serves to stop a ship by hitching it to the bottom of the sea. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready for return and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there is one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors that serve to drag the ship from place to place by delivery are called verps. The heaviest verp is called the stop anchor.

Yal -

the boat is smaller in size than semi-barcasses and has sharper contours. They are used for various purposes, mainly for mooring.

AUTONOMY Duration of sailing without resupply.

AZIMUT (celestial navigation) is the angle between the northern part of the observer's true meridian plane and the star's vertical.

WATER AREA is a section of the water surface.

ANKEROK a barrel without a tap for fresh water. Inside, a glass is suspended from the cork

ANTICYCLONE A region of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (against in the Southern Hemisphere).

APSEL mizzen staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).

ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.

OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa-type ships. 2. A shot of a semi-rail with a hinged heel at the mast, to remove the braces from the guys. (see shot).

AHTERPEAK is the extreme aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.

WATERSTAG standing rigging tackle that unfastens the mast from the top to the stern

Aft stern element of the longitudinal set of the hull of the yacht, vertically or inclined attached to the keel

BUTTERFLY is a way of carrying sails on yachts with oblique sailing rigging, when at full courses the bow sails are carried to the opposite side, in relation to the stern sails, to increase speed and stability on the course of the yacht.

TANK - a superstructure in the bow of the yacht. Often the bow of the deck is called the tank (see foredeck).

BAKAN (BAKEN) - a floating sign of the navigational situation, anchored at the border of the fairway or ship's passage, mainly on rivers.

BAKS - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.

BACKSTAGE - 1. Heading when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Tackle standing rigging, unfastening the mast to the side and aft; 3. For bowsprit see 180* water stays.

BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored vessel to secure (take on bakshtov) another vessel.

BALAST - cargo placed inside or outside the yacht's hull to provide the necessary

BALLAST - cargo placed inside or outside the hull of the yacht to provide the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).

BALLER - a design with an axis of rotation or a shaft rigidly connected at the bottom with a rudder blade, and at the top with a tiller.

BALUN - forward, additional, full-tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bending, drifter, reacher.

BALUSTER - a step in the form of a chiseled lath.

BANK - 1. A seat on small deckless boats, which simultaneously serves to strut the sides; 2. Separately located aground of limited size.

BANT - canvas sash, sewn onto the sail in order to reinforce it in the places where the reef eyelets are punched.

BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2. Shaft-like alluvial shallow in coastal areas.

BARBARA - additional clew of the staysey to the deck.

BARKHOOT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the area of ​​the waterline.

RUNNING RIGGING - gear that serves to set up a movable spars and sails, as well as to control them.

BEIDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the direction of the wind is less than 90 *. Close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full-length is more than 60 *.

BEIFOOTH - 1. A ring made of a cable or iron sheathed in leather for attaching a yard or hafel to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple rax yoke if the boom (hafel) has a mustache.

BENZEL - ligation of two thick cables with a line or cable.

BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to go in badewind.

HARBOR - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto a mast or for working overboard a yacht.

MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.

MIZAN-MAST-to the aft mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on the iol, keech).

BEMS - underdeck beam of the transverse set of the yacht's hull.

BITENG - a metal pedestal on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.

BLIND - a straight sail, placed on old sailboats under a bowsprit.

BLINDOUS - spacer pole for deflecting backstays.

BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of the cable, chain.

BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied "sail, raised from the leeward from the spinnaker.

BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks or shots on BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks into the wind or on the poop to divert and save from chafing against the hull and rigging of the braces.

BON - fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the fires) floating, lightly submerged structure with flooring, designed for mooring small boats or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).

BORA - a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of the mountains near the sea.

BORG - standing rigging tackle, on which the lower rail hangs.

BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).

BOARD - side wall (side) of the hull of the yacht from the stem to the stern.

BOARD LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).

BOAT - reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sectoral overlay on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewing) of eyelets, crengels, gats.

BRAM-STANDING - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topstand.

BRANDER-SHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.

BRAS - running rigging tackle, fixed on the tip of a spinnaker boom or yardarm and serving to turn them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.

WINDLASS - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed to lift the anchor and select cables when mooring.

BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the cleats with the stem or sternpost.

BRIDEL- anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end - to the raid mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).

BREEZE - wind in coastal areas, which changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (during the day - from sea to land, at night - from land to sea).

BRIFOK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the fock, the brief is not tied to the yard.

THROWING END - a light cable with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.

Broaching is a phenomenon of complete loss of control in tailwinds, when the yacht falls sharply over the cheekbone, and the rudder comes out of the water.

BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpartners, preventing water from entering the yacht's hull.

Yoke - an iron hoop worn on the spars to strengthen it or connect its components.

BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with sprint or gaff rigging and shverts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for sliding on ice, snow crust.

BUOY - 1. A floating sign of a navigational situation, standing at a dead anchor. It serves, as a rule, to protect dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and turns of the recommended headlights. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy with a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.

BUIREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy with a dead anchor. 2. Rope with buoyancy on the surface and root end on the trend of the anchor, to indicate where the anchor is released and, if necessary, to facilitate its release from the ground.

TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing cable (tug), or by pushing, or by lag (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).

TOWING LIGHT - yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.

BULBOKIL - a design of a fin yacht keel with a heavy streamlined ballast (bulb) attached to the lower edge.

BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the leech of an oblique sail, which serves to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, side luff of a straight sail.

BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.

BAY OF THE ROPE - 1. A cable or tackle, rolled up in circles or eights. 2. Packing a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.

BOWSPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree protruding forward from the bow of the yacht and serving to carry out the stays and tacks of the jibs.

BULL-PROUD- see Gorden.

SHUTTERS - gear of standing rigging, unfastening the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to the lanyards (yufers), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull set.

WATER-BACKSTAGES - tackle that fastens the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.

WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden bars running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.

WATER-WOOLING - fastening of a bowsprit with a water cutter (cable, chain, etc.).

WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull and separating - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull, dividing the board into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of the theoretical drawing of the ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the surface of the hull with a horizontal plane.

WATER STAGE - standing rigging tackle, unfastening the bowsprit downwards (stem).

WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) - the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. are entered in the log book.

VELPS - ribs on the drum of the capstan (windlass), preventing the cable from slipping.

ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.

VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.

VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to the verp, which is brought to the right place on the boat.

VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and the luminary.

SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw clamping mechanism (see lanyard).

VEHA - a floating sign of the navigation situation, designed to protect hazards and indicate the sides of the fairway. It consists of a pole on a sprit-buoy and a golik or other top figure.

CAPTURE OF REEFS - Reduction of the sail area for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefs or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.

WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.

WINDZAYLE - a rotary, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.

WATER CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.

ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and managing sails. There are two main types of sailing armament: oblique - with sails parallel to the diametrical plane (DP) of the hull e and straight - with sails on the yards, perpendicular to the vessel's DP.

RESTORATION OF THE dinghy (CATAMARAN) - lifting the dinghy (catamaran) to an even keel when it lay sails on the water or made an overkill turn.

VULING- 1. Rope hoses laid close, next to each other on a single-pole mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.

CHOOSE - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.

Vyblenka - 1. A step from a cable on guys. 2. A faded marine knot.

VYMBOVKA - a wooden lever for manually rotating the spire.

VIPING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by the impact of the bottom and sides of the water - slamming and water flow onto the deck.

LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction to the star.

SHOT - a spar tree resting against another spar tree, board or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.

HARBOR - coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for parking of ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale. For mooring ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure (ute) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.

SHAFT LIGHT - towing light (yellow) ё, exhibited at the stern of the towing vessel.

GALS-1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, by the name of the board, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, e waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - tack.

GALFWIND - course relative to the wind when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half a wind).

WC - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. A platform above the water cut that served as a latrine on old sailing ships.

GALYUNNY FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.

HANDICAP is a factor or value measured in seconds used to compare results shown in races by boats with different racing scores.

GARDEL - running rigging tackle for lifting the lower yards and gaffs.

GAT - a hole in the sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.

GAFEL - an inclined spar tree that rises up the mast and rests against it with its heel. The gaff is used to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of the topsails. The sails hoisted on the hafel are called hafel, and the rigging of the ship with such sails is called gaff rigging.

HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or stern of the vessel for wiring the rudder stock. A (watertight) helmport pipe is usually installed above the helmport, in which the rudder stock is hung.

GENOA - a large, wide staysail with a clew that extends beyond the mast of the yacht.

GIK - a horizontal spar tree, resting with its heel into the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It serves to stretch the luff of the oblique porus and bears its name (grotto-gikyo, mizzen-geek, etc.). It is equipped with: boom-shkotomyo, topenantome, gikayo guy, blockage-hoists. To stretch the luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.) e, and for taking reefs - pendants and reef hoists. Special equipment for a boom with a patent reef. The boom for the front sails (staysail boom, jib boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting at its stay. See also spinnaker boom.

GINITALs with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of falls. Giniyo have at least two 3-sheave or 2- and 3-sheave blocks.

GITOVY - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of an oblique sail to the hafel and the mast to the yard when it is cleaned.

VERB-GAK - a folding gakyo held in position by a special chain link.

PLANING - the mode of movement of the yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while increasing the speed (the vessel goes on gliding).

SHUT - move the boat forward with the help of special helical movements of the stern oar.

GONG - a metal device in the form of a plate for giving sound signals.

GOLIK - wicker top figure on the milestone.

RACES - competitions of yachts. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing scores) and gadicap races - with different races. points.

RACING YACHTS - sailing yachts designed for racing. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.

RACING POINT - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - racing power "of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculation according to special formulas.

GORDEN - 1. lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Tackle of running rigging for pulling the luff of a direct sail to the yard. Pride, pulling up the sail by the middle of the luff, is called the bull-pride.

GREP - the lower part of the water cutter.

GROT - a slanting sail raised on the mainmast (stern) of a yacht with oblique rigging, or straight, the lowest sail on the mainmast of a yacht with direct rigging.

MAINSMASHTA - the second from the bow and subsequent, except for the stern, masts on a multi-masted sailing vessel; middle mast on a three-masted vessel; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; machtayo if she is alone.

GROTA-SHKOT - tackle, stretching the lower luff of the grotto along the boom.

GRUNTOV - a piece of cable, fastening on a camping boat on sloop-beams.

VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which you can see an object in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.

DEVIATION - (for a magnetic compass) deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic arrow, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the vessel's own magnetic field.

DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow points of the vessel at the junction of the keel with the stern or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, cisterns, etc.

PARTICULAR THINGS - the general name of some removable items of equipment on the yacht (windows, doors, gangways, lifelines, brackets, blocks, etc.).

DINGI - a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).

DP - diametral plane (yachts).

DIRIK-FAL - running rigging tackle for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.

TRIM - the inclination of the vessel in the longitudinal plane.

BOTTOM - deep, underwater part of the ship's hull plating.

GETTING - see choosing.

DREK - boat anchor.

DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.

DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from the line of its course under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the drift angle between the wake (track) and the boat's DP.

ZHVAKA-GALS - a special device or attachment point for the root end of the anchor rope (chain) on the ship.

VIABILITY - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness in case of damage. It is provided with unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical means and preparedness of the crew.

ZAVAL-TALI - tackle for holding the boom, preventing its spontaneous transfer to the other side on a full course.

LAY- 1. Fix the end, the cable. 2. Lay a tack (slang) - a long movement on one tack.

ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.

SIGNS OF THE NAVIGATIONAL SITUATION - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).

PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck of the yacht.

IOL - a type of armament of a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.

TRUE COURSE - the course of the yacht, taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.

CABLES - a distance of 1/10 of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).

KABOLKA - the original, integral part of the plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.

KALYSHKA (kenga) - an accidental curl or twist of the cable, preventing its free passage through the pulley of the block, clewse, etc.

GALLEY - a kitchen on a yacht.

KANINKHEM - soft, tacked sails of Bermuda cut (mainsail, mizzen).

CARRIAGE - a rearranged or movable device on the pursuit for transferring the direction of the thrust of the boom-sheet.

CARTUSHKA - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

KATali or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.

KAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.

CATAMARAN - a yacht with two parallel hulls connected on decks. Possesses the increased cross stability.

POWING - vibrations of the yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).

CABIN - yacht accommodation.

KECH - a type of armament of a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.

KEELING - 1. Artificial inclination of the yacht until the keel is exposed in the parking lot (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Pulling the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.

KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal set, lying in the ship's DP.

KILBLOK - an element of the support device for setting the yacht on land.

KILVATER - a system of ships going in one line one after another.

WAKE STREAM - a trace on the surface of the water behind a sailing yacht.

KILSON - (floor-timbers) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.

KIPA - a diversion device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the front sail (staysail) to the winch, duck.

KIPOVAYA PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing their breaks.

CLAMP - a stopper in the form of an overlay on a spar tree, preventing slippage of the tackle covering this tree.

KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.

CELL - a thin line, laid around the cable when it is caged.

KLETNEVANIE - a type of rigging, in which thin strips of tar canvas (kletnevin) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.

CLIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the staysail. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without fastening to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Front sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.

KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on top.

CLUESE - a hole in a bulwark, deck or side, edged with a bar or casting, used for wiring a cable or chain.

KLYAMS - thick belts, reinforced on the inside of the side of the vessel, on which beams are placed.

KNEKHT - a detail of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are superimposed by eights.

KNITSA - a plate (a piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape, connecting the beams of the ship's hull set converging at an angle.

KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.

KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the water cutter.

COCKPIT - an open top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work on the move. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.

COAMINGS - vertical, watertight fencing of hatches and other cutouts in the deck of the vessel, as well as a threshold at the entrance to the premises.

KOMPAS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of an external magnetic field.

COMPASS COURSE - the course of the yacht according to the compass.

COMPROMIS-type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.

END- 1. Not a metal cable on the yacht. 2. Actually the ends of the tackle, one of which

root (fixed), and the other - running (movable).

CONTRATIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal set, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.

BUTTON - 1. Spacer in the link of the anchor chain. 2. Strut at bulwark posts or lifeline posts.

ROOT END - see End.

Stern - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (counter-timber) and transom (if any).

STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer skin, upper deck flooring, superstructures and wheelhouses), reinforced with a set and bulkheads.

OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.

KOUSH - a metal inner frame of a cable loop (ogan).

KOFEL-NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.

COFEL-NAGEL STRIP - a massive, rigidly fixed plank at the mast or side with holes for coffee pins.

KRUMBOL- see Kat-beam.

FENDER - a device that serves to absorb shocks and protect the side of the yacht against the pier or other vessel at moorings and parking lots.

FENDER BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.

KRASPITSA - 1. Spacer, diverting the guys from the mast. 2. A cross beam laid on a longo-saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.

CRUISING - sailing (walking) on ​​a yacht from port to port, along a certain route.

ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).

KRENGELS - a ring, a loop, a half-ring sewn into the sail at the luff or into the luff.

STEEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - sidewind. Cool (sharp) walk - the ability to keep the yacht in close-hauled without losing speed. The opposite is full of walking.

ALL-ROUND LIGHT - a white light of a circular glow, exhibited, as a rule, on a ship at anchor. See COLREGs 72 and Anchor Lights for details.

CRUIS-PELENG - determination of the yacht's position by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.

KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for crew and equipment.

HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the DP of the yacht and the direction to the landmark.

COURSE OF THE YACHT - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (KK), magnetic (MK) and true (IR) courses.

COURSE OF THE YACHT RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the direction of the wind and the DP of the yacht. Distinguish: sidewind, gulfwind, backstay and jibe (right or left tack).

CUTTER - see tender.

KET - a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the fordeck.

LAVING - the movement of the yacht to the target, located to the windward, by the sidewind courses, periodically changing the tacks (zigzag).

LAG is a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.

LAGLIN - a line with special markings for a manual, outboard log.

LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or on the move "relative to each other when they are set side to side."

LATA - a thin, flat, flexible rail made of wood or plastic, inserted into a latpocket sewn from the leech on a Bermuda-style sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.

LATIN WEAPONS - oblique weapons with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rail (ryu).

WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when choosing gear by transferring forces through gears of various diameters.

LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow into the wind when the sails stop working.

LEDZHES - half-beam, beam between carlings.

LEER - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Enclosure of the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings

racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.

LYING DRIFT - to be under the influence of external forces (wind, current), not using them for purposeful movement.

FLYING SAILS - these are bow sails that are not attached to the stays along the luff and are usually set in light winds.

LIGHTNESS - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. It is attached to the throwing end and facilitates its aimed throwing.

LIKPAZ - a semi-closed chute on (in) a spar tree, into which a lyktros or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and cleaning of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the headstay pier.

LYKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic cable of a gentle lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (leech) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spars. For jibs (staysail) on yachts, flexible, steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.

LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for the punishment of sailors in the old fleet.

LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided cable with a circumference of up to 25 mm.

It is widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flags, lots, throwing ends, etc.).

TRACK LINE - the line along which the ship actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.

LYSEL - the lower flying sail of direct armament, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-alcohol. On yachts, it is placed under the boom at full courses.

Loxodromia - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection, the loxodrome

shown as a straight line.

LONG-SALING - longitudinal bars on the lower part of the mast top or topmasts, which, together with spreaders and chiks, serve as the basis of the mars or saling.

LOPAR - part of the cable based between blocks or lufers.

LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from a ship.

LOTLIN - a line with a special marking of a manual lot, to which a load is attached.

LOCATION - 1.Section of navigation, studying the conditions of navigation in the water basin.

2. The name of the navigation manual containing a detailed description of individual areas of water basins, their banks, navigation conditions, etc.

LOTSMAN - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes it is mandatory to be taken on board, but in no way replaces the captain.

LYALO - a recess in the hold of a vessel for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge waters.

EYELET - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.

LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail raised on a rail. 2. Vessel with a lugger.

HATCH - an opening in the deck of the yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of the premises.

MAGNETIC DECLATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for east declination, negative for west declination.

MAGNETIC COURSE - a course taking into account the magnetic declination.

MARK-1. Method for terminating the end of the cable. 2. Mark on tackle, line.

MARKISOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (X1X century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went further than Kronstadt.

MARS - a platform on the top of the mast for spreading the wall shrouds and working with sails.

Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the Mars-Ray and the lower yard.

MARTIN-GIK - a spar suspended vertically under the bowsprit for jib- and bom-jib-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.

MARTIN BACKSTAG - a cable running from the bow of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.

MARTIN STAGE - a cable running from the butt of the martin boom to the butt of the jib.

MAT - a mat or rug made of a soft cable.

MAST - a vertical spar towering above the upper deck and located, as a rule, in the ship's DP. On a yacht it is used for setting sails.

LIGHTHOUSE - a navigation structure with a light source and its own characteristics of fire, which serves to determine the position of the ship.

SHALLOW - part of the water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.

SHOOL - a section of the bottom, separated from the shore by deep water.

MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, conformal cylindrical projection, the most common in the preparation of nautical charts.

MEASUREMENT LINE (MILE) - a section of the coastal water area with special leading marks on the coast, intended for measuring speeds and lag errors.

MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship's hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half

MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).

NAVIGATIONAL TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.

COLREGs 72 - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions between Vessels, 1972

MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable, which serves as a support for the legs.

MUSHKEL - a wooden hammer used in rigging and finishing work.

ON THE WAY - the term on the move "means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and not aground, (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the skin.

NAVAL - touching the berth or side of another vessel with the hull of the vessel, without first extinguishing its own inertia.

WINDWIND (board, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To windward - to be on the side from which the wind blows.

NAVIGATION - 1. Seafaring, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.

NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the elements of the hull and spars of the yacht. 2.See coffee nagel.

NADIR - the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon.

SUPERSTRUCTURE - a closed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.

NIGHTOV - tackle for securing equipment and property. Find - fasten.

DECK LAYING - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.

NAUTOFON - an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog on individual lighthouses.

PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a canvas sail.

LOCATION DIFFERENCE - the discrepancy between the calculated and observed position of the vessel.

NEDGERS - bars on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.

UNFLOWNING - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.

NIRAL - running rigging tackle for cleaning oblique sails.

NOK - the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar tree.

The other end that rests on the mast is called the heel.

NOSE - the forward end of the vessel.

ZERO DEPTH - a conditional surface from which the depths are calculated, given

on sea charts. For n.g. take the average long-term sea level, and in

tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European

cards for n.g. take the average level of spring low waters.

HULL LINES - the external outlines of the yacht's hull, which largely determine the course

high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull mass, displacement, together

value, etc. They are mainly divided into traditional (with an elongated ki-

lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) contours.

COVER - sew lyktros.

MEASUREMENT OF THE YACHT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing

ruzheniya, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing

its relevance to a particular class of yachts or to calculate the racing score.

OBSERVATION - determining the position of the vessel by observing objects with known geo-

graphical coordinates (landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).

SHELL - the material of the surface of the side of the yacht.

OVERKIL - flipping (overturning) the yacht through (up) the keel (keel), as a re-

The result of an unsuccessful maneuver or falling from a steep wave. Overkill - frequent accident

sports sailboats. Techniques for their rapid recovery have been worked out.

OVERSTAGE - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the nose crossing the wind line.

LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C of COLREGs-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,

mandatory for carrying on ships in accordance with COLREGs-72, are a source of mutual

personal information of the courts necessary to assess the situation and safe,

competent maneuvering and divergence.

OGON - a loop at the end of the cable.

HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, inertia when mooring, prevent bulk.

BRAID - sealing (tying) ends, splices, gear or spars with a thin line for

preventing gear from spinning or snagging. See also - celling.

ORTHODROMY - a great circle arc on the surface of the globe - the shortest distance

station between two points.

DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.

RIGGING - 1. System of tackles on the yacht - standing and running rigging. See also-weapons-

yacht charter. 2. The process of attaching the main and wiring the running ends of the gear.

STABILITY - the ability of a yacht that has received a roll for any reason, straightens

lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center

gravity, makes the yacht roll, prone to capsizing. Excessive resistance

vost leads to a very sharp pitching, dangerous for the hull and spars.

SHARP COURSE - sidewind. See also - steep course.

ROCK OFF - move away on a yacht from a pier or other vessel.

GIVE - untie, unfasten, completely unsettle the tackle, the end. Drop anchor - bro

put it in water and etch the anchor end (chain).

DIFFERENTIAL LIGHTS - see lights and signs.

SHOEL - shallow, starting directly from the coastline.

SLEEVE - tackle, a device with traction, as a rule, to the deck. Designed for management

movable elements of the spars (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to provide

niya necessary thrust on the luffs of oblique sails (caninchem, barbara, etc.).

DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the initial and final points of navigation,

calculated from the mean parallel in nautical miles.

PAYOL - yacht hold flooring. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.

PAZ - a gap between the boards of the skin or deck. The grooves are caulked, putty-

yut or fill with sealant.

PAL-1. Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for

mooring booms, ships. 2. Metal bar preventing reverse

spire rotation.

PALGUN - the foundation of the spire with a toothed rail around the circumference.

DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.

PANER - the moment when the anchor is raised, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and

the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.

SAIL - a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of a useful thrust of a yacht (typically

pu wing in the air stream). Sails are rigid (profiled) and soft

cue, from vegetable or synthetic materials.

SAILING ARMAMENT - see armament of a sailing ship.

PATENT-REEF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside

three booms for taking reefs.

PELENG - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,

passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to courses,

There are compass (KP), magnetic (MP) and true (IP) bearings.

PENTER-HOOK - hook, laid by the paw or by the bracket on the anchor spindle when it is raised

yome on rustov or on deck.

Bulkhead - a wall that divides the interior of the yacht into compartments (room

niya), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. Load-bearing bulkhead included

in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in providing

unsinkability of the ship.

RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the steering wheel, providing the creation

transverse force and moment required to steer the yacht. located

in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.

PERTULIN - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.

PERTS - cables stretched under the yoke, on which sailors stand when working with sails.

PILLERS - a vertical rack that supports the deck of the vessel.

PIRS - a pier on piles, installed at an angle to the coast line.

BUOYANCY - positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.

PLANSHIR - a bar (beam) that limits the bulwark along the upper edge.

PLASTER - lined, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles on

along the perimeter, to close the hole in the board (apply, put a plaster on).

Shoulder strap (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or bales along it.

LEEETH - see windward.

PODVOLOK- sewing the ceiling in the interior.

VISION - overhang of the stern of the yacht.

PICK (PICK) - see choose.

HALF WIND - Gulfwind course.

FULL COURSE - jibe and backstay courses. In turn, courses such as beide-

wind and backstay, can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).

TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop is installed

forward movement of ships.

SEMICLUSSE - consignment clewse with a cut for inserting a cable.

POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.

PONTON - a floating structure for maintaining various devices on the water.

GROUNDING - an emergency stop of the vessel due to touching the ground with the keel or bottom.

FINALE BEAM - a beam, reinforced along the freeboard, protects the side

during bulking and during parking.

LEAD (to the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.

PRESSURE - moorings supplied perpendicular to the ship's DP.

TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action

tide-forming forces of the Moon and the Sun.

PROA - a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float, taken away from the main body.

LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.

STRAND - an integral part of the cable, for a vegetable cable it is twisted from cables, for a steel cable

twisted from identical wires.

STRAIGHT SAIL - see armament of a sailing ship.

TRAVELING ANGLE (PU) - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian

on and line way.

PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of the yacht through which the mast passes.

HEEL - 1. The end of the spar tree rested on the mast. The other, free end is a knock.

2. The outer (lower) part of the trend at the anchor.

SPLIT FOK-sail, consisting of two parts: front - jib and rear -

fore raised on a common rail (boat sail).

SINK - side overhang in the stern of the vessel.

RAKS - metal rings or half rings, dressed on a stay and tied to the front

her luff staysail or jib. Carabiners have been replaced on modern yachts

mi or stay-pier.

RAKS-BUGEL- 1. variant of the rope execution of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-sliza-

mi (wooden plates) and rax-clots (turned balls). 2.Ring with

hook, walking on the mast and serving to raise the rake of the sail.

SPAR TREE - the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of overhead

bast structures and details of yacht armament intended for

setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).

REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of the mechanical mover in the opposite direction

opposite (propeller, water jet).

REGATA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.

RAIL- 1. A spar tree used to lift a slanting, four-

rectangular, rake sail with a halyard laid behind a rax-yoke. Unlike

from the gaff, the rail goes beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib) - boom. 3. Any thin

and a long spar used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.

REI - a horizontal spar tree suspended by the middle and serving for

attachment to him direct sails. The signal rail is designed to lift

on it signal flags and signs (figures).

REID - open, coastal part of the water surface, intended for parking

vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.

RELING - 1. Rigid, metal deck railing in the bow or stern of the yacht.

2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or increasing

bulwark.

TURNIP - a special termination of the end of the cable by weaving strands.

READERS - iron strips superimposed crosswise over the inner lining

or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.

REEF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.

RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the leech

to increase its strength at the base of reef seasons (grommets).

REEF-GATS - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef seasons are passed.

REEF-SEZNI- see reef-shterns.

RIF-TALIT - hoists for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.

REEF PENDANT - tackle for pulling the luff or luff to the boom

slanting sail when taking reefs.

REEF SHTERTS (SHKERTS) - (reef seasons) short gear based in reef gates (any-

versah), for tying the sail to the spars (handrail) when taking reefs.

REFIT SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsails with the help of special

al devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.

RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of lightweight fabric with a high clew

angle and a large sickle on the leech. It is put in place of the staysail.

ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through the spreaders and fixed at both ends

on the mast. Rombokrkaspitsy, as a rule, fill up a little forward.

ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for the installation of boats on board the ship.

ROSTRY- 1. A set of spare spars on the ship. 2. A number of beams per sail-

nicknames, based on the wheelhouse, and on the sides on the racks, serve to accommodate

ship boats.

ROULS - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of

bales, hawse, blocks, etc.

CUTTING - a structure on the deck of the yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.

RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.

RUMB is a unit of flat angle in navigation, equal to 1/32 of a circle (11.25*).

RUMPEL - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.

RUNDUK - 1. A closed box for personal belongings built into the bunk. 2.Placement on

shore for storage of yacht property.

RUSLEN - a small platform on the outside of the side for fastening the shrouds of the shrouds.

RUSTOV - a chain or cable that holds the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.

RIBINS - wooden slats sewn over the frames to prevent

damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.

Ryu- 1. Reyok in the Latin sailing armament. 2. The predecessor of the gaff on sailing

ships, when he went ahead of the mast.

RYNDA - a special ringing (in 2 strokes) in the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate

niya time (beating bottles).

RYNDA-BULIN - a short cable with a knob at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.

SALING - a sparing knot in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-salings) and

pepper (spreaders) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to divert

bram and sten-shroud.

SVAYKA - a tool for rigging, punching strands when interlacing cables.

LIGHT HATCH - a rectangular hatch in the deck of the yacht, enclosed by a coaming.

SEGARS - rings that freely walk along the mast (gafel) and serve for fastening

luffs of the sail to the spars.

SEZNI - ends for tying (sealing) sails or their parts in assembled form.

SEI-TALIT - hoists based between single-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

SEKSTAN - goniometer reflective type for measuring the heights of heaven

luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.

SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.

SKEG - enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder blade on some yachts.

SKLIZ - the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden walkways for yachts.

declension - see magnetic declination.

BOTTLES - see rynda.

SKULA - the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp

curvilinear and "broken" cheekbones.

CHICKING KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the cheekbone to the stern, per-

perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm down) pitching.

SLABLIN - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trisel) to a mast or boat sail

SLEMING - vibration of the hull when hitting the bottom of the bow of the yacht

about counter waves.

EQUIPMENT - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, which has the name and

used for setting, cleaning and managing sails and spars on a yacht.

SNOSS - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between

DP of the yacht and the track line, without taking into account wind drift.

SORLIN - cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or cable (chain),

connecting the rudder blade to the body, in order to avoid losing the rudder if it breaks.

SPINAKER - triangular, isosceles, full cut in lightweight fabric, front

a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward

angle with a spinnaker boom and a brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.

SPINAKER-HOE - a shot from the mast to carry the spinnaker's side angle to the wind.

MOLD - connection of two cables of the same thickness.

STAXEL - closest to the mast, front, oblique sail.

STAYSAIL-HOE- see boom.

STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor given from the bow.

STAR-KNITSA - knitsa connecting the sternpost with the keelson.

MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired signs of navigation conditions (lighthouses, farms

with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate the direction, width

fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.

STEM - stem on wooden ships.

STERNGA - spar, which serves as a continuation of the mast, lifted with the help of

wall-vytrepa and wall-shrouds held from the sides, and behind the wall-forduns.

STEPS - a wooden or metal nest (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed

mast with his spur.

STOP-ANCHOR - auxiliary, spare anchor, usually laid on the poop.

STOPOR - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (knop) at the end of the tackle, for

preventing it from splashing out of the block (bale).

STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.

STRINGER - a longitudinal element of the ship's hull set. Distinguish bottom, zygomatic,

side and deck stringer (carlings).

SLING - 1. A device made of cables for capturing (girth) and hanging a load from the hook

call. 2. Short end for tying something.

SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions

on the yacht, fixing the time and port of arrival / departure, on the form, which indicates the name

ship and its port of registry.

SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS are the main lights to be carried by all ships in

sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.

SHDNYA - a portable gangway used for going ashore.

ROAD CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift

fa and demolition. Hence the numbered place.

TIDE TABLES - manuals used to determine the moments of onset

and the heights of high and low waters every day, as well as the height of the water level in any

point in time at coastal points.

RIGGING - a set of gear for fastening and controlling the spars and sails.

The rigging is divided into standing - to unfasten the spars (shrouds, backstays, fore-

dunas, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into a running take-

spars lag (spar halyards, braces, spars sheets, topenants, etc.) and running

sail rigging (sail halyards, nirals, sail sheets, etc.).

TALI - traction, load-lifting device with a manual or mechanical drive,

consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which

rye the cable is driven. The presence of one fall in the hoists reduces the applied force

twice. See also grip-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.

TALREP - 1. Swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel bars are screwed -

ka with fittings for fastening the tightened elements (tackle, spars, etc.).

2. Eyefers and a cable based between them for fitting standing rigging

TENDER (CUTTER) - a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-masted yachts carrying

more than one headsail.

TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -

120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp back stays.

TOMBOY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the anchor trend, to indicate

places to release the anchor and provide the opportunity to lift the buoyrep on board. See buirep.

TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).

Toplight - shining forward, white fire on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREGs 72.

TOPENANT - tackle running rigging, to hold at the right angle to the deck of the detail

spars lei (yards, geeks, etc.).

TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.

TRAVERSE - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.

PICK - loosen, release or bypass the cable, holding it. Reverse

action is to choose.

TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.

TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as a continuation of its bottom, to adjust the trim and roll.

TRAP - a ladder for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, from the water.

TRAPEZIA - a safety cable from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (counteracting the wind, heeling moment).

TRAILER - a trailer to a car for transporting yachts, their descent and recovery from the water.

TREND - a knot for connecting the paws and the anchor spindle.

TRIMARAN is a three-hull yacht.

TRISEL - 1.Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, sewn from durable canvas. It is placed instead of the mainsail, with a free lower luff (without a boom).

2. On sailboats, an oblique, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trisel mast behind the main one.

CABLE - a rope-rope product made of natural or artificial, fibrous

materials or steel wire.

HOLD - the space in the hull of the yacht between the inner skin and floorboards.

TUZIK - a small boat on a yacht, fixed on the deck.

TURACHKA - drum capstan, windlass.

REVEAL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

STRAP - marine knot.

Knot - a unit of speed adopted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).

HANDLING - the ability of the yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.

STABILITY (on course) - the ability of the yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on the design features and qualifications of the crew. WHEELS - curved, wooden planks on the heel of a hafel or boom, sheathed in leather and clasping the mast. DUCK - a two-horned plank of small size, for fastening the free end of the cable.

FAL - tackle used to lift individual parts of the spars, sails, flags, etc.

FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of the boat.

FULLBOARD - a belt above the deck of the yacht, made as a continuation of the side.

FALSHKIL - 1. A heavy casting or a loaded streamlined cavity attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars stuffed from below onto the keel beam to protect it from damage on the ground.

FARVATER - safe, in the area of ​​navigational hazards, passage for ships.

FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching tackle to it.

FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.

FOK- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2. Oblique, triangular

a sail (fore-staysail) hoisted on the fore-stay of a tender, a sloop.

FOC MAST - the front mast on a sailing vessel with three masts or more. On a two-match

In commercial sailboats, the front mast is foremast if it is lower or equal to the rear.

FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.Po-

gate when the boat crosses the wind line astern while changing tack.

FORDEK - the bow of the deck of the ship.

FORDUNY - 1. Standing rigging, carried from the top of the mast to the sides and aft,

supplementing the backstay and, sometimes, replacing the backstay. 2. Tackle a standing take-

crap, unfastening the topmasts from the sides and aft.

FORPIK - the extreme bow compartment of the vessel.

STEEL-beam along the contour of the bow sharpening of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigational sign.

HVAT-TALIT - hoists, consisting of one-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.

RUNNING END - see end.

RUNNING LIGHTS - set. the name of the ship's navigational lights on the ship.

HRAP (HRAPTSY) - a folding hook of two, located towards each other, hooks.

CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodynamic

the mechanical forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.

BALANCE OF THE YACHT - reduction of the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. A CYCLONE is an extensive air vortex around an area of ​​low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H

CHIKSTAY - a device (waist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (forduns), when bringing together more than one backstay into one gear near the deck. CHICKS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast, to support long-salings.

SHVARTOV - a cable (mooring cable) designed to secure the yacht at the berth

or on board another vessel. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and springs.

MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring place.

MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. DOCKLET - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the yacht's hull (daggerboard well) and provides stability and drift reduction in the lowered position. SHVERTBOT - a shallow-draft yacht with a daggerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.

SHVERTS - skewers hung from the sides of the yacht.

SHIRSTREK - the upper belt of the outer skin.

A PENDANT is a short, soft cable with an eye, a thimble or a block at the end, designed to lift loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.

SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.

SKOT - tackle, fixed to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew) and carried in the direction to the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the luff of the sail in the desired position. For boom-sheets, hoists are equipped, allowing you to set the boom at the right angle to the wind.

HOSE - one full turn of the cable around something.

SHLATGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.

SLIP - a type of Bermuda sailing armament of single-masted yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foca staysail). SLIP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering the boat overboard. FRAME - the main curved beam of the transverse set, the basis for sheathing.

Spacing - the distance between the frames. Distinguish between constructive and theoretical.

SPIGAT - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.

SPILE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for choosing an anchor chain and mooring lines.

SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow to the stern or from the stern to the bow.

SHPRINTOV (SHPRINT) - a rail that stretches diagonally a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUCKEN - buoyancy milestones.

SPRUIT - a cable guy that carries the load to two or more points.

SHIPLE BELT - a hull plating belt adjacent to the keel.

STAG - standing rigging tackle, located in the DP of the yacht and unfastening the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest stay is the main one coming from the top of the mast - the top stay, between them are intermediate stays. If the stay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Step connecting the tops

masts, is called a stay-carnag. See also backstay.

STAG-PIRS - profile with lippaz (for staysail lyktros), covering the stay.

STEVNI-stem and sternpost.

STERT - see sketr.

STOCK - a rod across the anchor spindle.

WHEEL - a course control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.

STURTROS - a steel cable (chain) that serves to transfer force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.

Bayonet - an element of a sea knot.

schooner - a sailing vessel with slanting armament and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear.

EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - a square and a round one. With a quadrangular shape, it is put on the top or leg of a spar tree, and a round one is used to pass an additional tree. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).

ERNST-BACKSHTAGI - tackle for holding the gaff by the kick (from the sides and to the stern).

ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of ​​tidal currents.

YUT - superstructure in the stern. On yachts, poop is called the aft part of the deck.

UFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring lanyard falls.

ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, circular), ship's distinctive lights at the anchorage.

YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.

YACHT - a vessel for recreation (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.