Aircraft factories are enterprises that carry out pilot construction and serial production of aircraft, on-board systems and equipment, and aircraft engines.
Aircraft building is an independent branch of mechanical engineering, specializing in the production of the most complex products that require high-precision processing. Aircraft factories are closely connected by production cooperation both among themselves and with enterprises in other industries, receiving from them a variety of semi-finished products and structural materials (standardized parts, bearings, wheels, radiators, axle shafts, chassis, propellers, gasoline and water pipes, etc.) needed to produce the final product. The largest Russian aircraft factories are integrated into the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), founded in 2006.
For the production of aircraft, not only metals (aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, etc.) and light alloys are used, but also a large number of a variety of non-metallic materials, represented by various types of wood, fabrics, leather and its substitutes, glass, plastics, varnishes, adhesives, rubber and rubber products, etc.
The main production processes in the aircraft industry are:
- preparation of parts;
- their processing;
- assembly of individual components and assemblies;
- assembly of the whole product.
At aircraft factories, the following systems for organizing workshops are used:
- aggregate, or subject, in which each workshop is engaged in the production of some large aircraft unit, starting with blanks for it and ending with its assembly and finishing (such a system provides for the organization of a fuselage, center section, chassis-frame, etc. workshops);
- technological, or functional, in which the factory workshops are grouped taking into account the similarity of technologies, in each workshop certain technological operations are performed that are necessary for the production of all aircraft units: for example, in the blanking and stamping workshop, sheet metal is processed; metalwork and welding - processing and welding of units, in the workshops of detailed and aggregate assembly - assembly of parts and assemblies, etc.
- mixed, recognized as the most rational, in which procurement workshops are organized on a technological basis, and assembly production works on an aggregate basis.
The first aviation enterprises in Russia appeared in 1909-1911: the production of aircraft was carried out by the Dux plant in Moscow, the First Russian Aeronautics Association S.S. Shchetinin and Company” and the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works in St. Petersburg. Until 1917, there were 15 aircraft factories operating in Russia with a total number of employees of about 10 thousand. In 2009, 400 thousand people worked at 106 aircraft industrial enterprises, of which about 100 thousand worked in the UAC. In 2011, there were 29 civil aircraft were produced.
The concept and factors of location of aviation industry enterprises
The history of the development of the aviation industry began at the beginning of the 20th century. During the First World War, it developed as the largest branch of industry. Greater growth aviation industry received in the period 1939-1945. It is the most concentrated branch of modern industry. It is part of the military-industrial complex (MIC).
Definition 1
The aviation industry is an industry that conducts research, scientific development, construction and testing of prototypes, serial production aircraft and their elements (motors and other equipment).
The scientific, technical and production potential of the aviation industry is the basis for the development of other industries: metallurgical, radio engineering, electrical engineering, etc.
Remark 1
The aviation industry is of great general economic and defense importance for the state. Modern aircraft industry is one of the most promising areas of economic development developed countries.
In the military-industrial complex, the aviation industry is represented by 220 enterprises and 150 scientific organizations. Most of them are located in the Volga region and in the Urals. At large industrial bases, finished products are assembled from supplied parts and assemblies. The key factors in the location of production plants are the availability of qualified specialists and transport infrastructure. Development and design is carried out in the design bureaus of Moscow and the Moscow region. In addition to the construction of amphibious aircraft. They are being developed in Taganrog. In addition, many important factors in the location of aircraft manufacturing enterprises are remoteness from borders with other states, ensuring complete security for the population, as well as the availability of cheap resources (electricity, aluminum, etc.).
global aviation industry
World aviation originated and began to develop rapidly at the beginning of the last century. The main motive for its development is the military industry. Therefore, initially the aviation industry was formed as a branch of a military nature, and later began to produce aircraft for civilian purposes. The development of this industry is determined by the number of permanent military government orders and the possibility of exporting equipment to other states.
The global aviation industry includes the following areas: development; production; trial; repair, disposal of aircraft; disaster investigation.
Remark 2
The aviation industry has a high degree of capital intensity, which determines its high monopolization of the industry. In the leading states, 3-4 aircraft manufacturing companies are represented. Fierce competition contributes to the merger and consolidation of even large enterprises within the same country. The main goal of integration is to increase power and confront other states
The leaders of civil aircraft construction are the most famous companies today. The American firm "Boeing" (Boeing) is one of the leaders in the production of large civil aircraft for long-haul flights. Its main competitor is the European organization Airbus. And Russia is a considerable competitor to American and European aircraft.
For military purposes, the main developers of aircraft and helicopters are the United States and Russia. But there are also successful developments in other states. In particular, Israel is considered the leader in the production of unmanned aircraft (UAVs). America also adopted the French Harrier aircraft.
The structure of the global aviation industry includes:
- production various types airplanes and helicopters;
- engine manufacturing;
- development and production of avionics (electronic equipment).
The most important sectors of the aviation industry are aircraft and helicopter construction. These areas are represented in more than 20 countries of the world. Large airliners are produced in the USA, Western Europe and in some CIS countries and Russia. Aircraft for up to 100 passengers for intracontinental flights are produced in Brazil, China and Canada.
Of great importance in recent years is the production and sale of light civil aircraft for security and safety, search for people and objects, as well as for sports, medical and business purposes.
The place and role of the aviation industry in the Russian economy
In the USSR, the aviation industry was developed after the decree of the Soviet government on the nationalization of aircraft factories in 1918. At that time, there were 15 small aircraft factories in the country with 10,000 employees, as well as one aerohydrodynamic institute. The Soviet aviation industry reached its peak of growth during the Second World War.
Remark 3
Currently, the aviation industry of the Russian Federation occupies a leading position in the world in terms of production of civil and military aircraft. This is one of the most high-tech industries with a large number of highly skilled workers.
On the territory of Russia there are more than 20 large enterprises of mass production, four companies of pilot and experimental aircraft building, aircraft factories for the repair of equipment and for the manufacture of various units. The largest plants are the Irkutsk Aircraft Plant (IAZ) and the Nizhny Novgorod Sokol Plant.
Structure and location of the main branches of the Russian aviation industry:
- enterprises for the production of aircraft engines (Perm, Samara, Kazan, Moscow, Omsk);
- aircraft manufacturing enterprises (Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk);
- construction of helicopters (Moscow, Kazan, Rostov).
On the territory of the Russian Federation there is a united aircraft building corporation, which includes the largest enterprises for the production of aircraft, as well as Oboronprom (large companies for the construction of helicopters and engines).
Despite the rapid development of the industry, the aviation industry faces a number of challenges:
- lack of funding;
- weakening of human resources;
- growth of accumulated debt;
- non-reimbursement of costs for work in progress under state defense orders.
Government intervention is needed to solve these problems. To ensure defense, the government is trying to invest heavily in the development and production of military aircraft and the development civil aviation. Innovative research and production, testing and other bases are being created. Models of Russian aircraft are not inferior to foreign ones, and even surpass them by some criteria.
Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Similar Documents
The main goals of streamlining, regulating the stages and processes of production in the life cycle of software systems. Preparation of software product production technology for certification. Development of an enterprise quality system, its application.
presentation, added 10/15/2016
Characteristics of the production of the enterprise, areas of specialization, manufactured products. Development of bench service. Development of automatic control units. Reorganization of departments and sectors. Work on design automation and unification.
practice report, added 08/07/2013
Development of a recipe and technology for the production of stuffed meat rolls with eggs and mushrooms. Assessment of the quality of the finished product. Analysis of organoleptic, physico-chemical parameters of raw materials. Ways to expand the range of semi-finished meat products in the Russian Federation.
term paper, added 12/22/2014
The main stages of the formation and development of Sega, the prerequisites for expanding the production of gaming products. Development of the first consoles, evaluation of their functionality, range of types. The current state of the company and the direction of its activities, prospects.
presentation, added 10/22/2014
Characterization and analysis of production. Assortment of products of OOO "Dzerzhinsky brewery". Physical-chemical, biochemical and microbiological bases of production. Determination of equipment operating modes. Raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products.
thesis, added 05/16/2011
Calculation of filling, compression, combustion and expansion processes, determination of indicator, effective and geometric parameters of an aircraft piston engine. Dynamic calculation of the crank mechanism and strength calculation of the crankshaft.
term paper, added 01/17/2011
Methodology and main stages of designing water intake, water supply networks, water pipelines for water supply of an enterprise located in locality. Development of technology for purification, stabilization treatment and cooling of circulating water for production.
term paper, added 08/26/2014
Stages of organization of production and trading activities of a public catering enterprise. Development of a technical and technological map and evaluation of dishes. Architectural and construction and engineering solution. Economic justification for the sandwich bar project.
thesis, added 05/07/2009
State SAS
TO private UTA(France).
corporate
Target:
Airport classification. Purpose and tasks of the airport enterprise
Regulations on a\n. Russian Federation International airports include airports through which it is allowed to carry out international air transportation in accordance with the established procedure and in which appropriate customs, border and sanitary and quarantine control is ensured.
Airport for domestic transport includes airports that do not have permission to carry out international aviation flights, transportation through which, as a rule, is carried out within Russian Federation and without going through customs, border and sanitary-quarantine control procedures carried out in international airports. Depending on the set status:
Aircraft of federal significance (constituting the main key elements of the national air transport system of the Russian Federation ensuring the stable functioning of international relations of the Russian Federation, the volume of traffic is at least 500 thousand passengers, allowing flights of aircraft of 1 and 2 classes)
Airport of regional importance (a\n, not federal; located in the administrative centers of the regions. main: the scope of work is interregional trunk transportation)
A \ n local v. lines (a \ n, in which the bulk of the work is within the regional air transport, as well as flights on the application of aviation in the national economy)
Airports are divided into classes:
Non-class >10 million passengers per year. 1st grade: 7-10 2nd grade: 4-7 3rd grade: 2-4 4th grade: 500 thousand
5th class: 100-500 thousand Not classified:< 100 тыс.
Special purpose
Airports should contribute to meeting the needs of the population of the served territory for aviation services, guarantee equal opportunities for users in the provision of services, efficiently operate and expand production facilities in accordance with the needs of the air transport market.
The main tasks of airports
Performance of works and services for maintenance at the airport of aircraft of airlines- servicing passengers, luggage, handling cargo, mail, refueling with fuel and lubricants and special liquids, regulation air traffic in the airfield area, providing catering, supplying heat and electricity.
Ensuring compliance in the airport area with the requirements established by the current legislative and regulations in area flight safety, maintenance of aircraft, passengers, baggage, mail and cargo.
Security aviation security(creation and functioning of the aviation security service, protection of the airport, aircraft and civil aviation facilities, screening of crew members, attendants, passengers, hand luggage, baggage, mail, cargo and on-board stores, prevention and suppression of attempts to seize and hijack aircraft).
Sphere expansion services passengers and airport clients.
Construction and maintenance necessary facilities to ensure takeoff, landing, taxiing and parking of aircraft, as well as to ensure the operation of airport services.
Organization and holding rescue operations.
Doing foreign economic activity, conclusion of commercial, technical and other contracts (agreements), contracts with foreign legal and individuals in accordance with applicable law.
Implementation of activities for environmental protection at the airport and adjacent territory.
OST 54-1-283.02-94
Air accident investigation. Basic concepts, goals and objectives
Aviation accidents, depending on their consequences, are divided into:
aviation accidents with human casualties (catastrophes);
aviation accidents without loss of life (accidents) APBCJ.
aviation incident- an event associated with the use of the aircraft, which occurred from the moment when any person boarded with the intention to fly, until the moment when all persons on board for the purpose of the flight left the aircraft, and due to deviations from normal functioning sun; crew; flight control and support services; environmental influences.
Serious aviation incident- an aviation incident, the circumstances of which indicate that an aviation accident almost occurred.
Aviation accident with human casualties (catastrophe)- an aircraft accident that resulted in the death or missing of any of the passengers or crew members.
Aviation accident without loss of life (accident) - an aviation accident that did not result in human casualties or the loss of any of the passengers or crew members.
The main purpose of the investigation of the AP- the establishment of factors, conditions and circumstances related to the incident, the study and analysis of which will allow, with sufficient probability, to establish their causes and consequences, as well as to develop proposals for preventing incidents for these reasons in the future. Investigation is a process that includes the collection and analysis information on the event, conducting the necessary research, establishing the causes of the event and developing recommendations to eliminate incidents.
Accident investigation includes: - preliminary work; - search and rescue operations; - organization of an accident investigation commission; - accident investigation and final work.
Commissions for the investigation of accidents are appointed by order of the department that conducts the investigation. The composition of the commission must be formed within 2 hours after receiving the initial report of the incident.
The commission of investigation is formed from the most qualified specialists who have experience in the investigation of an accident and have high business qualities. For the objectivity of the investigation of an accident, the commission should include persons who are not directly related to this accident and are not responsible for it. The commission consists of a chairman , deputy and members of the commission.
The chairman of the commission is the senior official in charge of the investigation of the accident. All his orders and instructions are subject to implementation by all members of the commission and officials participating in the investigation.
Upon arrival at the scene, the chairman holds an organizational meeting, at which he announces the order to appoint a commission, creates sub-committees and appoints its chairmen. circumstances of the accident, conducting rescue operations, questioning the crew, and, if necessary, passengers and witnesses due to the circumstances of the accident, inspects the scene)
Inspection of the scene of the incident is the primary task of the specialists who arrived to investigate. It allows you to get a clearer and more complete picture of the circumstances under which the incident occurred, and on the basis of this outline further work. The main attention during the inspection should be directed to identifying factors that will help determine possible flight path, position and configuration of the aircraft and its approximate speed at the time of impact.
Photographing is the best means of recording a picture of an incident and should be widely used during the investigation. Photographing the scene of the incident, the general picture of the spread of debris and their condition is carried out before a detailed investigation.
From 30.07.94 No. 897 "ON THE FEDERAL SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF CIVIL AVIATION ACTIVITIES FROM ACTS OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE"
1. The federal system was developed in accordance with the ICAO international document: with a BP guide to protect ITN and was a total. Legal and organizational measures aimed at preventing illegal actions against GA.
2. Main task federal system is to ensure the safety of life and health of passengers, crew members
aircraft, ground personnel of airlines, protection of aircraft and airport facilities through the implementation of measures to
protection from acts of unlawful interference.
3. The measures provided for by the Federal System apply to civil aircraft, national and foreign
operators (airlines), as well as in relation to airports.
5. Non-compliance or violation of the Rules, rules and procedures for aviation security by aviation enterprises, airports,
operators entails the annulment of licenses (permits), and passengers and consignors - the responsibility provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. Aviation security is ensured by a set of measures that provide for the creation and operation of aviation security services, the protection of airports, aircraft and civil aviation facilities, the screening of crew members serving
personnel, passengers, hand luggage, baggage, mail, cargo and on-board stores, prevention and suppression of attempts to seize and hijack aircraft.
9. The regional department of the FAVT exercises control over the implementation of aviation enterprises, airports and operators air transport conditions for certification and licensing in terms of aviation security.
10. Aviation enterprises, airports and operators ensure compliance with the requirements of the Rules, rules and procedures for aviation security.
Requirements of regulatory documents for ensuring aviation security at airports
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of March 19, 1997 No. 60-FZ "Air Code of the Russian Federation". The requirements of international standards and recommended practices are reflected in Articles 83, 84 and 85 of the Air Code of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ "On Counteracting Terrorism";
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 1994 No. 897 on the approval of the Federal System for Ensuring the Protection of Civil Aviation Activities from Acts of Unlawful Interference;
Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 25, 2007 No. 104 “On approval of the Rules for conducting pre-flight and post-flight inspections”;
Order Federal Service Air Transport and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated November 30, 1999 No. 120/971 “On approval of the instructions on the procedure for the transportation of weapons, ammunition and cartridges for it by civil aviation aircraft, special equipment transferred by passengers for temporary storage for the flight period”;
Manual on the protection of aircraft and civil aviation facilities (NOVSO GA-93);
Model Regulations on the Aviation Security Service of the Airport (approved and put into effect by order of the Minister of Transport of Russia dated 10/17/1994 No. 76);
Regulations on the access and intra-object regime at airports, airlines, organizations and institutions of civil aviation (approved and put into effect by order of the Federal aviation service Russia dated January 20, 1998 No. 22);
Instruction on measures to prevent and suppress the seizure and hijacking of aircraft and other acts of unlawful interference in the activities of civil aviation (approved and put into effect by an interdepartmental order dated 10.01.1995);
Memo to the aircraft crew on actions in an emergency (approved by the Director of the FAS Russia dated October 14, 1997 No. 66/i-DSP).
Rules for the production of inspection of civil aircraft. Approved and put into effect by the order of the FAS Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 238.
Order of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia dated October 16, 1998 No. 310 “On professional training in aviation security for aviation personnel, students of educational institutions, civil aviation workers of the Russian Federation”.
Planning solution cargo yard, its area. Loading and unloading front
The cargo yard is a part of the enclosed service and technical area of the airport, intended for the conduct of loading and unloading operations, parking, passage and
car maneuvering Vehicle airport, shippers and consignees.
The territory of the cargo yard is determined by the following parameters:
The number of loading and unloading places (posts) from the side of the city and the platform;
The size of the car of the calculated type;
Normative distances between vehicles standing at the warehouse ramp under loading and unloading, between moving towards each other, standing at the warehouse ramp and moving vehicles;
The standard distance from a moving car to the border of travel;
Coefficients that take into account fencing, landscaping and regime and security support.
total area The territory of the cargo yard includes three zones:
Zone A - the territory located on the side of the airfield and intended for the movement of specialized vehicles that provide loading and unloading and
transportation of goods from warehouses to aircraft;
Zone B - a territory located on the side of the city and intended for the movement and placement of trucks that provide loading and unloading of goods,
exported to the city and arriving from the city;
Zone C - a territory located at the end of the main building of the cargo complex, connecting zones A and B and intended for the passage of vehicles, the placement of specialized warehouses and facilities.
The optimal number of places for loading and unloading vehicles at a cargo warehouse is determined by the theory of mass service by finding the optimal utilization factor of the service device (unloading post), which depends on the ratio of operating costs of loading and unloading places and all costs caused by vehicle downtime associated with maintenance and waiting his.
35. Location of the cargo complex on the general plan of the airport. Purpose and requirements for it: operational, technical and economic, labor and environmental protection
The cargo complex is designed to carry out all operations for receiving, issuing, sending, processing and processing cargo.
The cargo complex adjoins the cargo apron from the aerodrome side (in most cases, part of the common passenger apron). The layout of the cargo complex should ensure the efficiency of the technology for processing, storing, receiving and issuing cargo, ease of orientation and the minimum length of vehicle routes on the territory of the complex. Car roads to the cargo complex can cross the forecourt area and direct access routes to it.
The master plan of the cargo complex should be a set of interconnected buildings, structures and zones.
The building of the cargo complex accommodates: rack and container warehouses, rooms for perishable products and live cargo, and other warehouses, administrative and service premises, areas for maintenance and current repair of mechanization, battery-charging stations.
From the CTT side, a cargo yard adjoins the commercial warehouse. It is designed for loading, unloading and maneuvering vehicles of consignors and consignees, as well as for parking and operation of loading and unloading mechanisms and other mobile means of mechanization.
For the processing of mail at airports, mail transportation departments (OPP) are provided. At airports of I, II, III classes, it is necessary to provide a separate building of the OPP to accommodate industrial, administrative, service, household and utility premises, as well as premises of public organizations.
Buildings and facilities for servicing freight traffic should be placed on the STT, taking into account the general requirements: the maximum reduction of freight traffic routes; minimum distance of a group of buildings and structures for freight traffic from the passenger platform.
The cargo and passenger complexes of the airport must be connected by an intra-port road. Roads to the cargo complex of the airport should not cross the forecourt.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The power supply of cargo complexes of groups I and II should be carried out from two external independent sources via two cable lines, group III - 1-n source
The following types of artificial lighting should be provided in the premises on the territory of cargo complexes: working lighting; emergency lighting; evacuation lighting; security and protective lighting; obstruction lights.
Cargo complexes should provide means of intra-airport telecommunications that ensure the organization of networks: telephone communications; operational loud-speaking communication; local delivery of telegrams; radio communications; radio alerts and radiofication; electric clocks.
FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
When designing cargo complexes, fire-fighting measures must be carried out in accordance with the chapters of SNiP 2.11.01-85 "Warehouse buildings", 2.09.02-85 "Industrial buildings", 2.01.02-85 "Fire safety standards".
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS.
When designing airport cargo complexes, a combined sewerage system should be provided for the disposal of domestic and industrial wastewater into the general sewerage system of the airport.
Garbage bins should be provided for the collection and disposal of solid domestic and industrial waste in cargo complexes.
Requirements for cargo accepted for transportation. Packaging and labeling.
The cargo is accepted for transportation under the following conditions:
import, export or transit of cargo must be permitted by the laws and regulations of the country, into, from or through the territory of which the transportation is carried out;
the dimensions of the cargo must ensure its free loading and unloading, placement in the baggage and cargo compartments of aircraft and its fastening;
when transported on scheduled passenger aircraft the mass and dimensions of the cargo should not exceed the limits established by the rules and instructions;
all required documents must be attached to the cargo; the cargo must not pose a danger to the aircraft, people and property on it, and, due to its properties, must not create inconvenience for passengers. Cargo that exceeds the established limits in terms of weight and dimensions can be accepted for transportation only with the consent of the carrier. Dangerous, radioactive and perishable cargo, animals and other special types of cargo can be accepted for transportation in accordance with the rules and instructions.
The dimensions of the cargo space are limited by the dimensions of the loading hatches and baggage cargo compartments of the aircraft.
The weight of the cargo carried on the aircraft is limited by the maximum payload of the aircraft.
Cargo handling is carried out by the carrier or service organization on the basis of a contract.
Cargo must be packed in containers, containers, etc., which protect the cargo from damage, damage and loss.
The packaging of the cargo must ensure the possibility of its reliable fastening on board the aircraft.
Each package must have shipping and transport markings.
GOST 14 192-96 "Marking of goods"
Marking - the application of signs, inscriptions and drawings to identify the cargo and indicate the methods of transportation, processing, storage. Each package must be legibly and securely labeled with the consignment (address).
The marking must contain the following information:
Main inscriptions (full name of the consignee, destination, number of batches and serial number this place)
Additional inscriptions (full name of the consignor, point of departure, inscription of the airport of departure, which consists of 11 characters, includes the invoice number, three-letter code of the departure airport, number of pieces in a given consignment)
Information inscriptions (gross weight, net weight, overall dimensions, cargo volume cm3). Handling signs - indicate the ways of handling cargo. Marking marks - additional inscriptions, if it is impossible to express with a sign (dark on a bright background)
Packaging - a set of measures and material means for preparing products for transportation and storage. Packaging must comply with regulations and be dry and clean; without sharp protrusions and corners;
security of the cargo for the entire time of the airspace. Container for liquid for soaking
internal overpressure when the external atmospheric pressure falls. The packaging must be sealed when shipping goods with a declared value. Transfer cargo with poor packaging is repacked at the airport
transfer (expenses at the expense of a / p sending-I).
Shipping container - an element of product packaging, usually located in a consumer container and is designed to protect, the impact of external factors and to ensure the convenience of loading / unloading, transportation, storage, fastening to the transport medium. (type of container - classification unit , which defines the container according to the form (box.bag); type of container - classification unit.defining the container by material (cardboard or wooden boxes).
Classification of carriers (airlines). Purposes and activities of the carrier (airline)
State are the airlines of the former socialist countries, most airlines of developing countries, as well as individual airlines of developed countries that were founded by the state or nationalized: British Airways (Great Britain), Air France (France), KLM (Holland), etc. A number of airlines are international associations owned jointly by several states - airline SAS belongs to Sweden, Denmark and Norway.
TO private airlines include airlines owned by one owner or family - this is a small number of small airlines, as well as the so-called computer airlines and air taxis. Of the large and medium-sized private airlines, it is known, for example, UTA(France).
corporate are companies formally owned by joint-stock companies.
By the nature of the flights: domestic, international, mixed.
According to the range and direction of flights, airlines are classified into mainline, regional, and local.
By type of transportation: passenger, freight, mixed.
By type of operations - regular and charter.
By the size of the fleet and by the volume of traffic - large, medium, small.
Target: The main purpose of commercial air transport is to carry a commercial load - this is a load carried on a commercial basis, i.e. for the
divided fee - passengers, baggage, cargo and mail. Route network development.
airline activities:
· performance of regular and charter passenger and cargo flights.
sale and booking of air tickets
· Maintenance Aircraft, aircraft repair
· Non-aviation activities: car rental, hotel booking.
