Press services of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow. Denis Grishkin
A new passenger terminal of the Aeroexpress company has been opened at Paveletsky railway station.
“The Paveletsky transport hub is one of the most important in Moscow. More than 140 thousand passengers pass here around the clock. An important element of this transport hub is, of course, the Aeroexpress terminal and the opportunity to get from Paveletsky railway station to Domodedovo in guaranteed 45 minutes, ”said at the opening ceremony.
He added that the terminal's throughput has almost tripled. In addition, it is well integrated with the Paveletskaya metro station: “Additional elevators and escalators have been built, it is possible to transfer from the metro to the Aeroexpress, the passage from the metro to the terminal has almost halved. I hope that the number of passengers will increase after the opening of the terminal.”
As Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Government of Moscow, head Maxim Liksutov specified, Paveletsky railway station is one of the largest transport hubs in the capital. "Five different types transport here. This includes the subway, suburban rail transport, long-distance passengers, and bus service. Nearby there is a tram and, of course, Aeroexpress," he said.
Over five million passengers
Aeroexpress has been transporting passengers between Paveletsky Railway Station and Domodedovo Airport since 2008.
Currently, 36.5 pairs of trains run on the route per day. Travel time is from 06:00 to 00:30. Travel time is 45 minutes.
Since the beginning of 2015, the company has transported 5.4 million passengers in the direction of Paveletsky railway station - Domodedovo airport, that is, 19 percent of the airport's passenger traffic.
Creating a new passenger terminal Aeroexpress at Paveletsky Railway Station is a joint project of the company and Russian Railways. It will improve the comfort of passenger service and strengthen the advantages of Aeroexpress over alternative travel routes to Domodedovo.
The Moscow government supports this project: it fully complies with the city's plans to create comfortable transport hubs for public transport passengers.
Expansion of the passenger area
The repair and reconstruction of the premises of the Paveletsky railway station, necessary for the creation of a new terminal, was carried out as soon as possible - from September to December 2015. As a result, the area of the passenger area of the terminal increased by 2.5 times - from 750 to 2,000 square meters. 125 passenger seats appeared in the waiting room.
There are also more ticket offices: before there were three, now there are five. Ticket offices are equipped with special devices for hearing impaired passengers. One of the cash registers was adapted for people with limited mobility.
In addition, they work here:
— 16 Aeroexpress ticket vending machines;
- information desk;
— ticket validation kiosk;
— three kiosks for self-registration of passengers for flights;
— monitors with the timetable for Aeroexpress trains and Domodedovo airport flights;
— racks for charging mobile devices;
— free Wi-Fi;
- pharmacy;
- ATMs;
- the shops.
Personal assistants, Aeroexpress employees, work in the waiting room. They help to issue tickets and accompany visually impaired and people with limited mobility to the trains.
“It is very important that the terminal fully complies with all FIFA requirements, as in 2018 Moscow will host World Cup matches. All the requirements that our colleagues from FIFA put forward to us are fully met here, and the terminal is ready to receive fans, football players, and all those who want to visit the World Cup in 2018,” the deputy mayor emphasized.
The path to the subway has become shorter
The most important part of the reconstruction was the closer integration of the terminal with the Paveletskaya metro station. As a result of the installation of three elevators and an increase in the number of escalators from three to five, it is possible to walk from the metro station to Aeroexpress trains twice as fast. There was also a more convenient connection with suburban trains of the Paveletsky direction.
The new terminal is adapted for passengers with limited mobility. The terminal's throughput has tripled to 1,800-2,000 passengers per hour.
The project to create a new terminal was financed by Russian Railways and Aeroexpress.
Improvement of transport accessibility of Domodedovo
One of the objectives of the Moscow transport hub development program is to improve the transport accessibility of Domodedovo Airport.
The Government of Moscow carried out the reconstruction of the Varshavskoye and Kashirskoye highways connecting the airport with the city center. In fact, the reconstruction of the transport interchange of the Kashirskoye Highway and the Moscow Ring Road has been completed.
Rosavtodor built an interchange at the 43rd kilometer of the highway to the airport (turn to the village of Aviatsionny).
The construction of an additional second main track on the section Domodedovo (Aviation) - Domodedovo Airport is also being completed. This will make it possible to introduce an additional four pairs of Aeroexpress trains into the schedule.
Improvement of railway stations and modernization of infrastructure
Suburban and urban rail transportation is considered by the Moscow Government as one of the most important and promising elements of public transport.
In 2014, the volume of passenger traffic through the Moscow railway junction amounted to 680 million people, which is 40 percent more than in 2010 (480 million passengers). The Moscow railway junction accounts for more than 50 percent of all suburban traffic in Russia.
The program for the development of passenger infrastructure at the railway junction provides for the construction of 240 kilometers of additional main tracks, the purchase of new generation cars, and the reconstruction of stations and platforms.
As part of the implementation of this program, in 2011-2015, we carried out the reconstruction and improvement of railway stations and station areas, put things in order on passenger platforms. The rolling stock is being updated as planned: obsolete electric trains are being replaced with modern comfortable trains.
Was open passenger traffic at the Novo-Peredelkino section - Kyiv railway station, as well as along the fourth main track of the Oktyabrskaya railway on the Moscow-Kryukovo section. This improved the transport accessibility of Zelenograd and Khimki.
The reconstruction of the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway is being completed to organize passenger traffic. In the radial directions, work is underway to modernize the infrastructure. On the Yaroslavl, Gorky, Kursk directions of the Moscow Railway, additional main tracks are being built to increase the volume of suburban traffic.
In particular, on Yaroslavl direction under construction:
- the fifth main track on the sections Yaroslavsky railway station - Losinoostrovskaya and Losinoostrovskaya - Mytishchi;
- the fourth main track on the section Mytishchi - Pushkino;
- the third main track on the section Mytishchi - Bolshevo.
On the Gorky direction, work is underway:
- on the fourth main track on the section Kurskaya-Passenger - Zheleznodorozhnaya;
At the overpass interchange Reutovo - Balashikha.
On the Kursk direction is carried out:
- construction of the third and fourth main routes Moscow-Passenger-Kurskaya - Lyublino;
— reconstruction of the Lyublino-Podolsk line.
Rolling stock renewal
In 2015, the Governments of Moscow and the Moscow Region held a competition to select carriers that will serve suburban rail transport for 15 years. The long-term contract will make it possible to formulate programs for the development of infrastructure and the renewal of rolling stock.
The winners of the competition were the operating carriers - OJSC Central PPK (nine directions) and OJSC Moscow-Tverskaya PPK (Oktyabrskoye direction).
During the implementation of the railway infrastructure development program, they will purchase at least 1,880 new, modern cars for suburban electric trains.
At the same time, Aeroexpress won the competition to select a carrier on routes connecting Moscow with the airports of the Moscow Aviation Hub. Thanks to a long-term contract, the company will continue the construction and reconstruction of terminals.
“The meaning of the contract for 15 years is that the company received the opportunity and obligation to invest funds over 15 years in order to improve the passenger service infrastructure in Moscow and the Moscow transport hub every year. Colleagues said that about 20 billion rubles will be invested over 15 years in the renewal of both rolling stock and passenger infrastructure,” said Maxim Liksutov.
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ORDER of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 22, 2008 1734-r (2019) Relevant in 2018
3. Ensuring the availability and quality of transport services for the population in accordance with social standards
In order to ensure the availability and quality of transport services for the population on all modes of transport in accordance with social standards, the following activities will be carried out:
ensuring the transportation of passengers on socially significant routes, the affordability of transport services, including in the regions of the Far North, the Kaliningrad region, the Far East and Transbaikalia, the development and implementation of agreed schemes for the development of air transport and auto transport support transportation on local social routes in remote regions;
development and implementation of a program for the implementation of minimum social transport standards to ensure the possibility of movement of all segments of the population throughout the country, ensuring their implementation on a progressive scale, taking into account the improvement of conditions for transport services to the population;
development of urban and suburban passenger transport systems;
regulation of access to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation;
development of a fleet of passenger rolling stock, which is not inferior in terms of technical and economic parameters to world analogues.
development of systems that provide high-speed and high-speed transportation of passengers.
In area railway transport in the field of passenger transportation in long distance a decision was made to stop their cross-subsidization through freight traffic and to gradually attract federal budget funds for these purposes.
The continuation of the implementation of state policy in the field of socially significant passenger rail transportation should be the legislative provision for compensation for losses in income arising from state regulation of tariffs for Passenger Transportation. At the same time, the formation of an appropriate mechanism for compensating for losses in income from the implementation of state tariff regulation in the field of passenger transportation in suburban traffic should be ensured.
With an increase in passenger turnover by 32.9 percent, the quality indicators of passenger traffic will be significantly improved. The sectional speed of long-distance passenger trains will increase on the main routes up to 72 km/h, or by 18.6 percent.
Improving the availability and quality of transport services for the population should be carried out in the following areas:
development of suburban-urban passenger communications with the transformation of sections railways into high-speed and high-speed systems to ensure comfortable travel conditions, reduce passenger travel time, unload at major cities metro and surface passenger transport during peak hours, which requires an increase in the number suburban trains in radial directions in order to reduce intervals and reduce the occupancy of electric train cars during peak hours, the development of intracity transportation by intensifying the use of diametrical directions and increasing their number in the future, increasing the number of compact transfer hubs, developing interregional train transportation superior comfort"express" type, organization of passenger transportation between megacities and large regional centers using "satellite" type trains, organization of intermodal transportation of passengers by specialized rolling stock to airports;
increasing the availability, quality and volume of services provided by railway stations;
improvement of booking systems using the Internet, as well as the introduction of cashless ticket payment systems;
further improvement of the system of state regulation of tariffs in railway transport.
In the field road transport it is necessary to ensure the priority development of public road transport, which has a modern production and technical base and an optimal structure of the fleet of vehicles, taking into account the increase in its share in the transportation performed.
Improving the availability and quality of transport services for the population will be carried out in the following areas:
implementation of a unified transport policy in the field of planning and management in passenger road transport, aimed at eliminating restrictions on public access to passenger road transport services;
building entrances to settlements providing year-round and weather-independent bus traffic;
improvement route network passenger motor transport of general use and its arrangement, aimed at providing convenience for the population on the basis of the implementation of quality standards;
expanding the geographic accessibility of passenger transport by introducing minimum transport standards, including for serving persons with disabilities, and public passenger road transport in rural areas.
New infrastructural and technological solutions will reduce by 2030 the time spent by passengers on public passenger road transport by 25-30 percent compared to 2007.
In the field of tariff regulation, in order to increase the availability of transport services for the population, it is necessary to:
further development of the tariff regulation system for passenger road transport;
improvement of the system of providing interbudgetary transfers to the budgets of subjects Russian Federation for the implementation of expenses to ensure equal accessibility of public transport services to the population;
determination and use of mechanisms to compensate for shortfalls in the regulation of tariffs (for example, on the basis of social state contracts for the provision of transportation on socially significant routes).
In the field air transport To improve the quality of transport services, the following activities are expected to be implemented:
quality improvement transportation process, including the implementation of certification Russian airlines according to the standards of the program developed by the International Air Transport Association;
increase in comfort, frequency and regularity of flights, expansion of the list additional services(catering, entertainment, communication services) and ensuring an attractive cost of air tickets by updating the fleet of aircraft and developing competition between airlines, creating aviation alliances (including participation in international ones) and low-cost airlines, equipping aircraft and airfields with equipment that ensures the possibility of operating in difficult weather conditions, the introduction of an effective system Maintenance and repair of new generation aircraft, which are characterized by reduced downtime during troubleshooting, the introduction of modern passenger service technologies, including electronic ones, and a reduction in the duration of a passenger's ground transfer to the airport through the organization of efficient transport links between airports and settlements.
The development of a competitive market for transport services will be carried out in the following areas:
elimination of unjustified administrative and economic barriers to competition among air transport operators;
commercialization of air services transport infrastructure with the involvement of private operators;
market liberalization and improvement of mechanisms for certification, licensing and confirmation of compliance of airlines with the established requirements for admission to activities in the field of air transport, including reducing the use of quantitative quotas and replacing them with qualitative ones, differentiation of certification requirements for airlines, operators and aviation fuel supply organizations of various levels, a gradual transition to softer and more general forms regulation, the creation of a nationwide system for regulating the time intervals for the flight at the airport (slots);
introduction of accreditation procedures for manufacturers and suppliers of aviation fuels and lubricants and special fluids that ensure the safety and regularity of flights, including the certification of aviation fuels and lubricants for the operation of aircraft at low and ultra-low ambient temperatures.
It is necessary to stimulate structural transformations in the industry in terms of business consolidation in the commercial segment of the air transport market by tightening the requirements for the quality of the work of operators, maintaining the exclusive right for Russian air carriers to perform domestic air transportation until 2020. In 2021-2030, the issue of granting foreign airlines in Russia broader commercial rights (degrees of freedom of air) may be considered.
Improving the availability and quality of air transport services for consumers will be achieved through:
meeting demand by expanding the range and geography of air transport services, developing a fleet of modern aircraft, bringing the structure of air transportation supply and aviation work to the structure of demand for them;
improving the safety of air transport, including environmental safety, to the world level;
ensuring the availability of air transport services for the main part of the population;
expansion of areas of rational use civil aviation, aviation development general purpose And business aviation.
Increasing the affordability of air transportation will be carried out through:
reducing the cost of transportation by developing competition between airlines, increasing the intensity of operation and optimizing the aircraft fleet;
curbing the growth of airport charges and ground handling rates for airlines by increasing the additional income of airports from non-aeronautical activities;
implementation of a flexible tariff policy in relation to various categories of consumers of services and classes of service, including through the creation of "cheap" airlines.
The priority is the development of commercial air transport and operations, which should meet the main demand for air transport services.
Within this market segment, the priorities of the state policy are determined on the basis of providing conditions for the development, first of all, of domestic air transportation and work, including socially significant local airlines that do not have a year-round transport alternative, as well as such main airlines that ensure the transport integrity of the state , as airlines connecting the Kaliningrad region, regions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East with the center of the country. By 2020, the growth rate of this market segment should surpass the development of the international transportation segment of Russian airlines operating in connection with the country's airports.
In the sphere of regulation of aviation tariffs, the following tasks are solved:
limiting tariff limits in order to ensure the availability of services for the majority of potential consumers, preventing short-term sales of air transport and air navigation services below cost in order to obtain competitive advantages (dumping) and long-term use of low prices, which obviously exclude the possibility quality service and ensuring the safety requirements of air transportation or the provision of aviation services;
ensuring price transparency of the market (by expanding the practice of applying the declared tariff principle);
ensuring reasonable tariff stability for the benefit of air transport users.
gradual reduction in the scope of price regulation and expansion of market pricing mechanisms;
transition to the implementation of the notification (registration) principle of setting tariffs for the services of operators in competitive market segments.
Further liberalization of tariff regulation will be carried out as the competitive environment expands and the types of activities classified as natural monopolies in the field of airport business and air navigation services are reduced due to:
formation of rates of charges and tariffs that really reflect the costs of maintenance and intensity of use of airport facilities and the air traffic management system;
improving the system of control and financial audit of aviation enterprises engaged in airport activities and organizations of the air navigation service system;
ensuring adequate funding for activities to ensure flight safety and aviation security;
increasing the investment attractiveness of airports.
Tariff regulation in the field of socially significant air transportation provides for state support for transport market entities (allowed only in cases where market mechanisms cannot ensure a sufficient level of supply of aviation services or a socially acceptable level of tariffs for them), privileged categories of passengers, socially significant air transportation (by allocating subsidies provided to airlines that ensure the implementation of socially significant air transportation).
State support for socially significant air transportation and work should be provided in a coordinated manner at the expense of budgets at all levels.
In the field of maritime transport, in order to increase the availability of transport complex services for the population, it is required to ensure the growth of transportation of goods and passengers on socially significant routes, which will significantly increase the level of transport provision of such regions of the country as the Far North and the Far East, including using the Northern Sea Route , transport links with the Kaliningrad region, and to ensure the predicted demand for socially significant passenger transportation by sea.
In the field of internal water transport to improve the quality of transport services for passengers, it is planned to improve the organization of the transport process, the state of the used internal waterways, navigable hydraulic structures and ships, increasing comfort and level of service.
Development is envisaged business trips passengers by replenishing the fleet with high-speed vessels and creating a water taxi market (initially in Moscow and the Moscow region).
To increase the availability of transport services in the field of inland water transport, the following measures should be taken:
increase in the length of inland waterways with guaranteed dimensions of ship passages with illuminated conditions;
reconstruction of hydraulic structures;
elimination of the gap between the increasing demand for passenger transportation and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fleet.
Bulletin of the Omsk University. Series "Economics". 2012. No. 1. S. 40-46.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REGIONS
INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF PROCESS OF FORMATION OF AN ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS
K.E. Safronov K.E. Safronov
Siberian State Automobile and Road Academy (SibADI)
A program-targeted approach to the formation of a barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility in the regional aspect is presented. The formation of an accessible environment is considered as an intensive way of economic development and an effective way of investing. It is proposed to study this problem comprehensively in the system "housing - environment - transport - service facilities" and solve it using modern project management methods.
In article the program-target approach to the formation of the accessible environment for people with the limited possibilities in the regional aspect is considered environments. Availability - the public blessing, which utility is especially effectively shown on a labor market and in social sphere. Formation of the accessible environment is an intensive way of development of economy and an effective way of an investment of investments. The "habitation - environment - transport - objects of service" is expedient to consider the given problem in a complex in system and to solve modern methods of management of the projects.
Keywords: barrier-free environment, transport accessibility, people with limited mobility, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Key words: accessible environment, transport availability, people with the limited possibilities, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the accessibility of the living environment for people with limited mobility (MSG). In our country, the implementation of the state program "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015 has begun, the purpose of which is to create conditions by 2015 to ensure equal access for people with disabilities, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, transport, information and communications, as well as to facilities and services open or provided to the public. Total funding for the program for 2011-2015 will amount to 46.9 billion rubles, including 26.9 billion rubles. from the federal budget, 19.7 billion rubles.
It is necessary to attract 269.3 million rubles from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from extra-budgetary sources. . The main condition for the implementation of departmental and regional targeted programs is the organization and conduct of their competitive selection. The amount of funds from the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation must be at least 50% of the amount of funds provided for these purposes at the expense of the federal budget.
The infrastructure of most regions of our country is not adapted for living, moving and servicing MGN, which include: the visually and hearing impaired, those with a violation of the musculoskeletal system and their attendants, the elderly, children, pregnant women, as well as people leading an active lifestyle and those who move with baby strollers, with luggage, on bicycles and roller skates, etc. Now, according to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, 13.2 million people with disabilities live in Russia, of which 66% are pensioners and 4% are children. Only 26% of people with disabilities of working age work, 60% of citizens with impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system face barriers when using public transport, 48% have problems buying groceries. A third of the population suffers from the inaccessibility of the environment. All civilized countries are on the path of integrating disabled people into society, this is provided for by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has already been signed by 147 countries, including Russia.
© K.E. Safronov, 2012
The need for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure in our country is long overdue and is formulated as follows:
People with disabilities and MGN due to the inaccessibility of the environment are limited in exercising their constitutional rights;
Restrictions for a significant part of the population of the living environment has negative social and economic consequences for the whole society;
The level of Russia's economic development makes it possible to direct part of the funds to create a barrier-free environment;
Accessible environment, including transport infrastructure, contributes to innovative development economy.
The resources that the public sector receives, accumulating the revenues of the state and municipal budgets, are realized in the form of public expenditures, which is understood as the use of resources in order to meet the needs for public goods and implement social redistribution processes. Sometimes the market mechanism does not allow achieving a pareto-efficient allocation of resources. For a number of reasons, situations may arise, called market failures, in which the market does not cope with its functions, or cannot ensure the production of a good at all, or cannot ensure its production in an efficient volume. It is precisely this inability of the market to provide
stupidity, despite the adopted laws, can be considered as a basis for state intervention in the economy. There needs to be an understanding of the competitive advantage that accessibility brings in order for this mechanism to work to its full potential.
The main target setting of the state budget policy is to improve the life of the population. For its implementation importance acquires a concentration of sufficient budget expenditures in priority areas and industries that can strengthen the economic potential and at the same time increase budget revenues. One of the mechanisms for the placement and redistribution of public goods is program-target budget planning. The effectiveness of its implementation depends on the quality of the development of the target program. In this regard, studies aimed at developing regional programs on the accessibility of the environment and transport infrastructure, determining the amount of funding and socio-economic efficiency of programs are of particular relevance.
Methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure. Since 2004, SibADI has been conducting research on the organization of transport services for the disabled. During this time, a methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure (TI) was formed, based on the program-target approach and the method of project management (Project management) and including the economic assessment of accessibility (Fig.).
1. Identification of TI accessibility issues
2. Transform problems into goals
3. Development of investment projects for the availability of TI
Scientific and methodical Financial
Urban planning Transport
Legal Technical
Social Organizational
Economic Information
Investment Environmental
4. Audit of TI availability
Odds
accessibility
6. Development of a target program; 5. Justification of the cost of providing
Examination and approval of the availability of TI
7. Preparation of tender documentation 8. Implementation of investment projects
Holding competitions for the availability of TI
10. Evaluation of investment efficiency - 9. Formation of the project team;
ongoing projects on the accessibility of TI Control; Control
Methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure
Let us consider the individual points of this methodology in the context of the development of regional programs on accessibility.
1. The development of regional and municipal accessibility programs begins with the identification of problems. The tools here are sociological surveys, field surveys (audit) and analysis of the impact of accessibility on social and economic development society. Identification of problems of transport accessibility is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the process of movement of people with disabilities. Such movements are carried out in the environment of life: "housing - environment - transport infrastructure - objects of gravity", which includes individual elements service systems. Each element of the system has a set of indicators characterizing its accessibility: slopes, dimensions, dimensions, distances, time, safety, cost, efficiency. In most cases, a transport service system of a certain level (municipal, regional, federal) is involved. The degree of realization of the needs of the MGN depends on the state of its availability. Transport infrastructure accessibility analysis major cities RF has identified problems that need to be addressed.
Scientific and methodological problems are associated with the lack of a methodology for creating an accessible transport infrastructure and evaluating its effectiveness. Insufficient attention is paid to scientific research and training. Accessibility measures are not always taken into account at the infrastructure design stage, which increases costs and reduces their effectiveness.
Urban planning problems are related to the fact that housing, the urban environment, transport and social infrastructure are not adapted for the movement of the MGN. All this takes a lot of time, effort and money for movement, leads to excessive overrun of transport, overload of the road network and environmental degradation. Sections of urban planning documentation on accessibility are of a formal nature and are not always implemented, due to the novelty of the subject and the lack of a training system.
Legal problems in many regions are related to gaps in the legislative and regulatory framework and the lack of accessibility expertise. Transport infrastructure facilities are often leased with violations of accessibility requirements.
Social problems. Disability is not an attribute of the person himself, transport inaccessibility forms the social and environmental component of disability and leads to technological discrimination of people with disabilities. Medical and educational problems can also be included here: the former are associated with difficulties in the rehabilitation of disabled people, the latter with their training and integration into society.
Economic problems. The inaccessibility of transport infrastructure for the disabled and MNG causes significant economic damage associated with the action of numerous negative factors. The inaccessibility of a business significantly affects its attendance and profitability. Low mobility generates unemployment and poverty among the disabled, and for the state - an increase in social spending. Inaccessibility is holding back consumer spending, which is affecting the economy. This problem concerns not only the disabled and their families, but also the economic and social development of the whole society, where human potential remains unclaimed, which ultimately affects GDP growth.
investment problems. To obtain a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the development of the transport complex, it is necessary to take into account the availability factor. There is no mechanism for stimulating state and non-state structures to intensify their activities in terms of ensuring the conditions for the accessibility of social and transport infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility.
Funding problems. The lack and irregularity of financing leads to the fact that construction and reconstruction of transport (social, engineering) infrastructure is carried out in a limited time frame and with low quality. Practice shows that the main criterion for competitive selections is the low offered price, which negatively affects the quality and range of consumer properties of the final product.
Transport problems are related to the lack of an established system of transport services for the disabled. The forms of transport services are considered: individual transport, pedestrian traffic, social taxi, urban and extra-urban passenger transport, the functioning of specialized routes.
Technical problems associated with the backwardness of the industry of means of rehabilitation. There are no standard solutions to access issues
performance of social and transport infrastructure facilities, rolling stock. Innovative technologies are slowly being introduced into the process of passenger transportation.
Organizational problems are associated with the lack of a management system for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure in most regions. When addressing accessibility issues, project management methods are not used, and the operational activities of administrative structures are not focused on solving complex problems. In addition, due to the novelty of the topic, such structures have not yet been created.
Information problems are related to the lack of a database on the accessibility of transport infrastructure facilities, there is no register of wheelchair users. There are no indicators in the statistical accounting system that reflect the affordability of housing, social and transport infrastructures for MGN. A system of objective criteria and methods for conducting an audit of accessibility for disabled people of buildings and structures, means of transport, communications and information, relevant design and technical documentation, instructions and procedures for its conduct has not been developed.
Environmental problems are associated with excessive overmileage of vehicles, outdated rolling stock, overload of the road network and an increase in harmful emissions caused by the underdevelopment and inaccessibility of pedestrian and transport routes messages.
2. These problems, according to the project management methodology, are transformed into goals and objectives and are solved at the modern scientific level using domestic and foreign experience. Approaches to solving the problems posed include:
Development of a new scientific direction "economics of accessibility", which studies the impact of accessibility on the development of the economy;
Implementation of the entire range of measures to create a barrier-free environment, including personnel training, the use of universal design principles and sections on accessibility in urban planning documentation;
Improving the regulatory and legislative framework at the federal, regional and municipal levels;
Providing disabled people with equal access to prestigious values in a given society: to receive educational, medical, social and other social services, decent work;
Determining the damage from the inaccessibility of the transport infrastructure and justifying the costs of accessibility measures;
Development of investment projects using the mechanism of public-private partnership and assessment of their socio-economic efficiency;
Determination of measures to motivate and stimulate the implementation of accessibility measures, create a mechanism for their sustainable financing;
Increasing the mobility of the population through the organization of transport services for the disabled and MGN with a choice of forms of TOI, work on adapting the route network and rolling stock;
Development of the production base of means of accessibility and rehabilitation, modernization of the rolling stock of passenger transport;
Organization of databases on the availability of transport infrastructure facilities for MGN;
Formation of an effective system for managing the development of transport infrastructure, taking into account accessibility;
Increasing the accessibility of pedestrian and transport network, which will reduce the overrun of transport, unload the road network and reduce the amount of harmful emissions;
The use of an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of disabled people, which consists of three components: medical, social and labor areas.
Currently, rehabilitation is considered not only as a system of measures in specific areas, but also as a process of changes in the state of a disabled person. The most promising way to integrate disabled people into society is social rehabilitation, which is usually considered through socio-cultural inclusion and an independent lifestyle, in which a barrier-free environment and accessible transport play an important role.
3. A barrier-free environment is a public good that improves the quality of life of the entire population. According to the functional classification of state budget expenditures, affordability refers to expenditures on social policy, transport, road infrastructure, communications and informatics and is an expenditure obligation of the state. The development of investment projects for accessibility has a number of features. The obligation to create favorable conditions for people with disabilities applies to organizations, regardless of ownership, so they can be initiated by investors who want to improve
improve the availability of your business. In any case, the development of accessibility projects begins with an assessment of the existing accessibility situation.
4. SibADI has developed a universal
a methodology for auditing the availability of various objects, which includes: selecting an object for verification, selecting the composition of the commission, compiling a list of regulatory requirements, checking their compliance and developing measures to eliminate them. We have developed a system of coefficients reflecting the availability of various elements of the living environment for people with limited mobility: 0
Availability is not required; 0.1... 1 - not available; 1,1__2 - available from third party
power; 2.1.3 - available independently. The advantage of such a system lies in the transition from expert assessments to specific indicators that allow for analysis, systematization and improvement of accessibility. These criteria can be used in the statistical accounting system.
5. In many regions, targeted programs are already being implemented to create a barrier-free environment, adopted on the basis of the Federal Target Program "Social Support for the Disabled for 2006-2010". Their analysis showed a wide range of funding. It is possible to assess the financial capabilities of the regions in financing targeted programs based on their cost in relation to the GRP of the region and per 1 inhabitant. The fluctuations are significant: from
0,02 % (Samara Region) to 2.12% (Lipetsk region). According to specific indicators, the values also differ: 3495.3 rubles. per 1 inhabitant (Moscow) and 2025.6 rubles. (Omsk region).
Difficulties in the development of regional and municipal target programs based on the State Enterprise "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015. are financial and technical in nature. Despite the fact that this procedure is prescribed by federal law, in some subjects there are still no regional norms that determine the procedure for developing and adopting targeted programs.
6. In Omsk region a long-term target program "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015 was developed. with a funding volume of 2.4 billion rubles. The activities of the program are aimed at creating the accessibility of social, engineering and transport infrastructure for the disabled, which will help overcome the self-isolation of the disabled, increase their individual mobility and social activity, create conditions
to lead an independent life. The activities of the program are developed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the situation of people with disabilities in the Omsk region, identifying existing restrictions and barriers that impede the accessibility of the living environment for people with disabilities, and their impact on the socio-economic development of the Omsk region. The program-target method will make it possible to use financial resources more efficiently, concentrating them on solving priority tasks, and provide a comprehensive solution to the problems identified by this program.
As part of the direction “Ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities”, measures will be taken to introduce the principles of universal design, primarily at the main social infrastructure facilities, to adapt buildings, premises, and adjacent territories for people with disabilities. This will create conditions that provide these categories of the population with equal opportunities with all citizens to use social, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, which will increase the level of their individual mobility with the maximum possible degree of independence.
7. A package of tender documentation is formed on the basis of the adopted program. The customer of the regional program is the Government of the Omsk Region, the executor-coordinator is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Omsk Region, contracting organizations are determined in the order of competitive selection. Here there are certain risks that must be foreseen in advance, for example, failure to fulfill the contract on time, poor quality of work, etc. Competitive selection criteria can serve as a tool for minimizing them. In them, in addition to mandatory requirements, it is advisable to lay certain guarantees on the part of contractors. The customer, in turn, is obliged to provide financing in a timely manner.
8. The implementation of accessibility requirements is carried out by the methods of new construction or reconstruction of existing facilities, through the acquisition of adapted rolling stock and equipment. At the same time, all solutions should be simple, recognizable, high-quality, durable, reliable and made in the same style that needs to be developed. In this regard, the tasks
should include a scientific component - this is a study of accessibility problems, which may include the development of accessibility criteria and measures to ensure them, the training of specialists in a barrier-free environment, participation in the development of projects, technologies, selection of materials, decor elements, architectural elements, colors, fonts, sound accompaniment, taking into account the principles of universal design, etc.
9. Even if the target program is developed and adopted, its high-quality implementation requires great efforts from its customer-coordinator (directorate). Abroad, for these purposes, the technology of project management (Project management) is used, a project team is formed. Typically, a major program is a series of related projects that are managed in a coordinated manner to achieve benefits and a degree of manageability that would not be possible if they were managed individually. Project management technology provides for an analysis phase, including the identification of participants, their key issues, obstacles and opportunities, clarification of cause-and-effect relationships, development of goals, identification of various strategies to achieve the goal, designation of general goals and project goals. At the planning phase, the project structure is determined, its internal logic is checked, as well as the formulation of goals and results in measurable quantities, an approximate estimate of resources, the sequence and dependence of actions, duration and distribution of responsibility are determined. In a market economy, any program or project is associated with investments and expected income. The team implementing the project is interested in its maximum efficiency.
The most important element of the quality implementation of accessibility measures should be control by public disabled organizations, authorities and local self-government. The involvement of people with disabilities as expert users allows you to activate the process of creating a barrier-free environment and avoid mistakes. It often happens that accessibility measures are provided for in the project, but are missed in the process of its implementation, or they do not meet the needs of people with limited mobility. In Moscow, for example, departments for a barrier-free environment have been created in the social security authorities, which carry out an examination of ready-made facilities for accessibility and where social
approval of projects, starting with the design task.
Due to the fact that investments in a comprehensive reconstruction to ensure accessibility are investments in real assets: in the development of land plots and territories, the construction and reconstruction of directly residential buildings, cultural and community services and transport infrastructure, it is difficult to calculate the social and economic effect of the program . In economic science, there are areas devoted to the national economy, production, management, ecology, individual industries and sectors of industry. Techniques have been developed to determine the effectiveness of reducing harmful emissions, from the transition to innovative methods of managing the economy, from the introduction advanced technologies etc. However, there is no section that would explore the processes associated with the effectiveness of the formation of a barrier-free environment and the assessment of their impact on the country's economy. Disabled people are one of the most unprotected categories of citizens due not only to their social status, but also to their limited opportunities. Nevertheless, fighting for their rights, they improve the quality of life, making the living environment not only accessible, but also comfortable for the entire population. The positive effect is amplified many times over in all branches of the national economy.
Many advanced economies are already reaping the benefits of well-designed market strategies that target older tourists and people with disabilities. Research shows that the market created by the elderly is just waiting to be discovered. The annual income of the restaurant and hospitality industry in the United States increased by 12% due to the implementation of the standards stipulated by the Americans with Disabilities Act, passed in 1990. People with disabilities also represent a rich source of untapped potential for creating jobs. The economic consequences of unemployment are expressed primarily in the loss of part of the gross national product (GNP). The American researcher A. Oken calculated that each percentage that exceeds the unemployment rate reduces the volume of GNP by 2.5%. In our country, it has been calculated that a 1% increase in the number of working disabled people will increase revenues to the consolidated budget (including the budget of the Pension
fund of the Russian Federation) by 1.5 billion rubles. in Europe and North America The tourism market for people with disabilities and their companions is growing rapidly and is valued in the billions of dollars. In Russia, for example, the implementation of the Sochi- hospitable city” taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility, will allow not only to host the Paralympic Games in 2014, but also in the future to use the city’s accessible infrastructure for millions of vacationers, which will lead to the development of tourism-related industries and services, employment of the population and the development of the economy of the entire region.
The importance of a barrier-free environment, taking into account financial and economic efficiency, lies in: improving the quality of life of the entire population, reducing the period of temporary disability, increasing the value of territories, reducing street injuries, organizing walking and cycling, increasing mobility and improving the health of the population, increasing the employment of people with limited mobility, increasing the quality of transport services, the integration of disabled people into society, an increase in budget revenues, an increase in the cultural level, an increase in consumer spending, an increase in the income of businesses and commercial structures, and ultimately, accessibility leads to the growth of the regional economy.
The use of these approaches will help improve the efficiency of the process of creating accessibility and improve the quality of life of the entire population to the level of international standards. The implementation of the state program "Accessible Environment" throughout the country using new project management technologies is, of course, an innovative way of economic development.
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The reconstruction of the Putilkovskoye Highway will begin in January 2019. The Minister of Transport and Road Infrastructure of the region, Igor Treskov, reported this to the Governor of the Moscow Region Andrey Vorobyov during a working trip of the head of the Moscow Region to the urban district of Krasnogorsk.
The length of the reconstructed object is 1.7 kilometers. At the moment, design and survey work has begun. The road was officially transferred from municipal ownership to the balance of the regional government. The cost of the work will be 2.5 billion rubles. The renovation is scheduled to be completed in 2021.
“We gave the reconstruction and expansion of the Putilkovskoye Highway of the corresponding area to the design. And in January-February, they should go to the construction site, prepare the territory and expand this road within 18-20 months,” Andrey Vorobyov said.
Photo source: press service of the governor and the government of the Moscow Region During the reconstruction, the number of traffic lanes will be increased to four. The expansion of the carriageway and the creation of new road infrastructure facilities will significantly increase throughput highways and improve the transport situation in the city district.
Photo source: TV channel "360" In the village of Putilkovo, the construction of a new school "Mosaic" was completed. It is designed for 1,510 seats. Andrey Vorobyov, Governor of the Moscow Region, an educational institution and appreciated the quality of work.
