Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, who allowed France his creation to America, which did not remain in debt. On the day of the 100th anniversary of the French American government gave Paris a reduced statue of Liberty, created by the same Bartholdi. The French installed a copy at the Grenelle bridge, becoming the second owners of freedom and democracy.
The original name of the Statue of Liberty, donated to the Americans, sounded like "Liberty Illuminating the World."
crown on head american statue has seven rays, each of which symbolizes 7 continents and 7 oceans. Windows in the crown (25 pieces) symbolize 25 natural minerals, and the toga of the statue - the Republic of Rome and Ancient Greece. The torch that he holds in his hand is a symbol of Enlightenment, and the book in the second hand symbolizes the Book of Laws. Broken chains lie at the feet of the statue, identifying the victory over tyranny.
US symbol
The Statue of Liberty was delivered to the city port of New York in the summer of 1886 on the frigate Isere. In the disassembled state, the monument consisted of three hundred and fifty bronze parts, which were packed in two hundred and fourteen boxes. The statue was assembled for four months without the use of various external structures - at the first stage, the workers erected a metal frame, to which parts of the monument were attached.
In total, three hundred thousand special bronze rivets were used to assemble the Statue of Liberty.
Before the outbreak of the First World War, America considered the statue of Colombia to be its symbol, but the huge proceeds from the sale of posters depicting the Statue of Liberty made the monument of the French sculptor a favorite. Lady Liberty was declared a National Monument of the country on October 15, 1924.
In the autumn of 1972, the Museum of American Settlement opened at the base of the monument, where visitors can still trace the history of the country, from the Indians who are its native inhabitants to the numerous immigrants who have come to America since the beginning of the 20th century.
Today you can see the Statue of Liberty with your own eyes by sailing for free on The Staten Island Ferry, which runs between Manhattan and Staten Island. Also, an excellent view of the monument opens from Battery Park in Brooklyn and the Brooklyn restaurant Red Hook's Fairway Café.
The Statue of Liberty or, as it is also called, Lady Liberty, has symbolized the spread of freedom and democracy for many years. A striking symbol of liberation is the trampling of broken fetters by the statue. Impressive structure located on the mainland North America in New York, invariably appears to the eyes of all its guests and gives the most unforgettable experience.
Creation of the Statue of Liberty
The monument went down in history as a gift to the United States from the French government. By official version this event took place in honor of America's celebration of 100 years since independence, as well as a sign of friendship between the two states. The author of the project was the leader of the French anti-slavery movement Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Labuela. 
Work on the creation of the statue began in 1875 in France and was completed in 1884. They were headed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, a talented French sculptor. It was this outstanding person who for 10 years created the future symbol of freedom on a global scale in his art studio. 
The work was carried out in collaboration with the best minds of France. Gustave Eiffel, developer of the creation project eiffel tower, took part in the creation of the design of the inner steel frame of the famous statue. The work was continued by one of his assistants, engineer Maurice Kehlin. 
The solemn ceremony of presenting the French gift to American colleagues was scheduled for July 1876. An obstacle to the implementation of the plan was a banal lack of funds. US President Grover Cleveland was able to accept in a solemn ceremony a gift from the French government only 10 years later. The date of the ceremonial handover of the Statue was October 1886. Bedloe Island has been designated as the location for the historic ceremony. After 70 years, it received the name "Island of Freedom". 
Description of the legendary landmark
The Statue of Liberty is on the list of the world's most famous masterpieces. Her right hand proudly raises a torch, while her left hand displays a tablet with inscriptions. The inscription indicates the date of the most important event for the entire American people - Independence Day of the United States of America. 
The dimensions of Lady Liberty are impressive. Its height from the ground to the top of the torch is 93 meters. Head size - 5.26 meters, nose length - 1.37 m, eyes - 0.76 m, arms - 12.8 meters, the length of each hand is 5 m. The size of the plate is 7.19 m.
Curious what the Statue of Liberty is made of. It took at least 31 tons of copper to cast her body. The entire steel structure weighs in total about 125 tons. 
The 25 view windows located in the crown are a symbol of the wealth of the country. And the rays coming out of it in the amount of 7 pieces are a symbol of the seven continents and seas. In addition to this, they symbolize the expansion of freedom in all directions. 
Traditionally, the location of the monument is reached by ferry. A favorite place to visit is the crown. To enjoy the local landscapes and views of the New York coast from a height, you need to climb to a special platform inside it. To this end, visitors will have to overcome a large number of steps - 192 to the top of the pedestal, and then 356 already in the body itself. 
As a reward for the most persistent visitors, extensive views of New York with its picturesque surroundings open up. No less interesting is the pedestal where the museum with historical expositions located in it is located. 
Little known interesting facts about the Statue of Liberty
The period of creation and subsequent existence of the monument is filled with entertaining facts and stories. Some of them are not illuminated even when tourists visit New York City.
The first name of the Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is the name by which the masterpiece is known throughout the world. It was originally known as the Liberty Enlightening the World"-" Freedom Illuminating the World ". At first, instead of it, it was planned to erect a monument in the form of a farmer with a torch in his hand. The place of establishment was to be the territory of Egypt at the entrance to the Suez Canal. The drastically changed plans of the Egyptian government prevented this. 
The prototype of the face of the Statue of Liberty
The information is widespread that the face of the Statue of Liberty is nothing more than a fiction of the author. However, two versions of its origin are known. According to the first, the face of the famous model of French origin, Isabella Boyer, became the prototype of the face. According to another, Frederick Bartholdi immortalized the face of his own mother in the monument. 
Metamorphoses with color
Immediately after creation, the statue was distinguished by a bright golden-orange color. In St. Petersburg, visitors to the Hermitage can see a painting depicting it in its original form. Today, the monument has acquired a green color. This is due to patination, a process in which the metal acquires a blue-green hue when interacting with air. This transformation of the American symbol lasted for 25 years, which is captured in numerous photos. The copper coating of the statue naturally oxidized, which can be seen today. 
"Journeys" of the head of Lady Liberty
A little-known fact: before all the pieces of the French gift were collected in New York, the Statue of Liberty had to travel around the country disassembled for some time. Her head was exhibited in one of the Philadelphia museums in 1878. The French also decided to enjoy the unprecedented spectacle before she left for her destination. In the same year, the head was put on public display at one of the Paris exhibitions. 
Former record holder
In the 21st century, there are buildings that surpass the symbol of America in height and heaviness. However, during the development of the Statue project, its concrete base was the largest and largest concrete structure in the world. Outstanding records soon ceased to be such, but the monument is still associated in the world consciousness with everything majestic and new. 
Twins of the Statue of Liberty
Many copies of the American symbol have been created around the world, among which several dozen can be found in the United States itself. A couple of 9-meter copies can be seen in the vicinity of New York's National Liberty Bank. Another copy, reduced to 3 meters, holding the Bible, adorns the state of California. 
The official twin copy of the monument appeared in the late 80s of the XX century. The Americans presented it to the French people as a token of friendship and gratitude. Today this gift can be seen in Paris on one of the islands of the Seine rivers. The copy is reduced, however, it is able to hit others with an 11-meter height. 
Residents of Tokyo, Budapest, Lvov erected their own copies of the monument.
The authorship of a copy reduced to a minimum belongs to the inhabitants of western Ukraine - the sculptor Mikhail Kolodko and the architect Alexander Bezik. You can see this masterpiece of modern art in Uzhgorod, in Transcarpathia. The comic sculpture is made of bronze, is only 30 cm high and weighs about 4 kg. Today it symbolizes the desire of the local population for self-expression and is known as the smallest replica in the world. 
Extreme "adventures" of the monument
The Statue of Liberty has gone through a lot in its lifetime. In July 1916, a brutal terrorist attack took place in America. On the island of Liberty located near the island of Black Tom Island, explosions were heard, comparable in strength to an earthquake of about 5.5 points. Their culprits were saboteurs from Germany. During these events, the monument received severe damage to some of its parts. 
In 1983, in front of a large audience, illusionist David Copperfield conducted an unforgettable experiment in the disappearance of the Statue of Liberty. The original focus was a success. The huge statue really disappeared, and the stunned audience tried in vain to find a logical explanation for what they saw. In addition to performing miracles, Copperfield surprised with a ring of light around the Statue of Liberty and another next to it. 
Today, the symbol of the United States still towers majestically in the sky over New York, retains its important global significance and is the pride of the American nation. For America itself and other states, it is associated with the spread of democratic values, freedom and independence throughout the world. Since 1984, the Statue has become part of world heritage UNESCO.
Since 1984, the Statue of Liberty has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Encyclopedic YouTube
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The sculpture is a gift from France for the 1876 World's Fair and the centenary of American independence. The statue holds a torch in its right hand and a tablet in its left. The inscription on the tablet reads "eng. JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ”(written in Roman numerals the date “July 4, 1776”), this date is the day the United States Declaration of Independence was adopted. With one foot, "Freedom" stands on broken chains.
Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown of the Statue of Liberty or 192 steps to the top of the pedestal. There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize earthly gems and heavenly rays that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and seven continents (the western geographical tradition counts exactly seven continents).
The total weight of the copper used to cast the statue is 31 tons, while the total weight of its steel structure is 125 tons. The total weight of the concrete base is 27,000 tons. The thickness of the copper coating of the statue is 2.57 mm.
The height from the ground to the tip of the torch is 93 meters, including the base and pedestal. The height of the statue itself, from the top of the pedestal to the torch, is 46 meters.
The statue was built from thin sheets of copper minted in wooden moulds. The formed sheets were then mounted on a steel frame.
Usually the statue is open to visitors, usually arriving by ferry. The crown, which can be reached by stairs, offers extensive views of New York Harbor. The museum, located in the pedestal, houses an exhibition of the history of the statue. The museum can be reached by lift .
The territory of Liberty Island was originally part of the state of New Jersey, subsequently administered by New York, and is currently administered by the federal government. Until 1956, the island was called Bedloe's Island. Bedloe's Island), although it has also been called the "Island of Freedom" since the beginning of the 20th century.
Statue of Liberty in numbers
Parts of the sculpture meters Height from ground to top of torch 93 m statue height 33.86 m Hand length 5.00 m Index finger length 2.44 m Head from crown to chin 5.26 m Face Width 3.05 m Eye length 0.76 m Nose length 1.37 m Right arm length 12.80 m Right arm thickness 3.66 m Waist thickness 10.67 m Mouth width 0.91 m Plate height 7.19 m Plate Width 4.14 m Plate thickness 0.61 m Height from ground to top of pedestal 46.94 m Creating a statue
The idea of creating a monument is attributed to Edouard Rene Lefevre de Laboulet, a prominent French thinker, writer and politician, president of the French anti-slavery society. According to the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, she was expressed in a conversation with him in the middle of 1865 under the impression of the victory of the anti-slavery forces in the US Civil War. Even though it was not a specific proposal, the idea inspired a sculptor.
repressive political situation during the reign of Napoleon III in France did not allow to engage in the implementation of the idea. In the late 1860s, Bartholdi for some time managed to interest the construction of a huge statue resembling the Colossus of Rhodes, the ruler of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. The statue was originally planned to be installed in Port Said under the name Light of Asia (eng. The light of asia), but in the end, the Egyptian government decided that transporting the structure from France and installing it was too expensive for the Egyptian economy.
It was conceived as a gift for the centenary of the Declaration of Independence in 1876. By mutual agreement, America was to build a pedestal, and France was to create a statue and install it in the United States. However, the lack of money was felt on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In France, charitable donations, along with various entertainment events and a lottery, raised 2.25 million francs. In the United States, theatrical performances, art exhibitions, auctions, and boxing fights were held to raise funds.
Bartholdi was commissioned to create the statue. According to one version, Bartholdi even had a French model: the beautiful, recently widowed Isabella Boyer, the wife of Isaac Singer, the creator and entrepreneur in the field of sewing machines.
Meanwhile, in France, Bartholdi needed the help of an engineer to resolve structural issues related to the construction of such a giant copper sculpture. Gustave Eiffel (the future designer of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design a massive steel support and an intermediate support frame that would allow the statue's copper shell to move freely while maintaining an upright position. Eiffel handed over the detailed design to his assistant, an experienced structural engineer Maurice Koechlin. Copper for the statue was purchased from the available stocks in the warehouses of the company Société des metaux entrepreneur Eugene Secretana. Its origin has not been documented, but studies in 1985 showed that it was mainly mined in Norway on the island of Karmøy. The legend about the supply of copper from Russia was verified by enthusiasts, but did not find confirmation. In addition, the railways in Ufa and Nizhny Tagil were carried out later than construction; accordingly, the version about the supply of ore cannot be taken seriously. It is also noteworthy that the concrete base under the statue is made of German cement. Dickerhoff won the tender to supply cement for the foundation of the Statue of Liberty in New York, which was to be the largest concrete structure in the world at that time.
Even before the completion of the design work, Bartholdi organized in the workshop Gaget, Gauthier & Co the beginning of work on the manufacture of the right hand of the statue holding the torch.
In May 1876, Bartholdi was part of the French delegation to the Philadelphia World's Fair and arranged for numerous paintings of the statue to be shown at New York's celebrations for the exhibition. Due to the delay in registration, the hand of the statue was not included in the catalogs of exhibits of the exhibition, nevertheless, it was shown to visitors and made a strong impression. Visitors had access to the balcony of the torch, from where they could admire the panorama exhibition complex. In the reports, she was called "The Colossal Hand" and "Bartholdi's Electric Light". After the exhibition ended, the hand with the torch was transported from Philadelphia to New York and was installed in Madison Square, where it stood for several years until its temporary return to France to connect with the rest of the statue.
The site for the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, approved by an Act of Congress of 1877, was chosen by General William Sherman, taking into account the wishes of Bartholdy himself, on Bedloe Island, where even with early XIX century there was a fort in the shape of a star.
Fundraising for the podium progressed slowly, and Joseph Pulitzer (of Pulitzer Prize fame) issued an appeal in his World newspaper to support fundraising for the project.
By August 1885, funding problems for the pedestal, designed by the American architect Richard Morris Hunt, were resolved and the first stone was laid on August 5. Construction was completed on April 22, 1886. Built into the massive stonework of the pedestal are two square lintels of steel bars; they are connected by steel anchor beams that go up to become part of the Eiffel (reminiscent of the frame of the Eiffel Tower) frame of the statue itself. Thus, the statue and the pedestal are one.
The statue was completed by the French in July 1884 and delivered to New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 aboard the French frigate Ysere. For transportation, the statue was disassembled into 350 parts and packed in 214 boxes. (Her right hand with the torch, completed earlier, had already been on display at the Philadelphia World's Fair in , and then at Madison Square in New York.) The statue was assembled on its new base in four months. The grand opening of the Statue of Liberty, at which US President Grover Cleveland spoke, took place on October 28, 1886, in the presence of thousands of spectators. As a French gift for the centenary of the American Revolution, it was ten years too late.
The national monument - the Statue of Liberty - officially celebrated its centenary on October 28, 1986.
Statue as a cultural monument
The statue was placed on a granite pedestal inside Fort Wood, built for the war of 1812, the walls of which are laid out in the shape of a star. The US Lighthouse Service was responsible for maintaining the statue until 1901. After 1901, this mission was assigned to the War Department. By presidential decree of October 15, 1924, Fort Wood (and the statue on its grounds) was declared a national monument, the boundaries of which coincided with those of the fort.
On October 28, 1936, at the 50th anniversary of the unveiling of the statue, US President Franklin Roosevelt said: “Liberty and peace are living things. In order for them to continue to exist, each generation must protect them and put new life into them.
In 1933, maintenance of the national monument was transferred to the National Park Service. On September 7, 1937, the area of the national monument was enlarged to cover the entirety of Bedloe Island, which was renamed Liberty Island in 1956. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also turned over to the National Park Service and became part of national memorial"Statue of Liberty". In May 1982, President Ronald Reagan commissioned Lee Iacocca to lead a private sector drive to restore the Statue of Liberty. The restoration raised $87 million through a partnership between the National Park Service and the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Corporation, the most successful public-private partnership in American history. In 1984, at the beginning of work on its restoration, the Statue of Liberty was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. On July 5, the restored Statue of Liberty was re-opened to visitors during the Liberty Weekend dedicated to its centenary.
Statue and security
The ladder to the torch was closed for safety reasons in 1916. In 1986, the statue was restored, and its destroyed and corroded torch was moved to the main entrance and replaced with a new one, covered with 24 carat gold.
The statue, including the pedestal and base, was closed on October 29, 2011, the day after the statue's 125th anniversary, in order to install new elevators and stairs. Although the Statue of Liberty has been closed to the public, Liberty Island remains open to the public. Exactly one year after the closure for repairs and the installation of a new complex escalator, from October 28, 2012, they opened full access to the statue up to the crown.
Images of the statue are widely used in the symbolism of regional organizations and institutions in the United States. In the state of New York, her outline was on license plates. Vehicle between 1986 and 2000 . New York Liberty, a professional women's basketball club that plays in the Women's National Basketball Association East Conference, uses the Statue's name in its name and its image in its emblem, which associates the statue's flames with basketball. Liberty's Head has been featured on the New York Rangers NHL supplementary uniform since 1997. The National Collegiate Athletic Association used a symbolic image of the statue for the emblem of the 1996 men's basketball final. The emblem of the Libertarian Party of USA uses a stylized image of the Liberty Torch.
reproductions
Hundreds of reproductions are exhibited in various parts of the world. A quarter-sized copy donated to the city of Paris by the American Society, facing west, away main statue, on the Swan Island of the Seine. A nine-meter copy, which for many years adorned the top of the Liberty Warehouse building on 64th Street in Manhattan, is now on display at the Brooklyn Museum. The organization of American Scouts, during the celebration of its fortieth anniversary in 1949-1952, donated about two hundred copies of stamped copper, 2.5 m high, to various US states and municipalities.
see also
- Statue of Liberty in Moscow (1918-1941).
Other tallest sculptures
Notes
- Statue of Liberty (in NYC).
Report-message on the world around for grades 2-3 on the topic "Statue of Liberty"
StoryThe Statue of Liberty was built in October 1886. The monument is a symbol of the freedom of the people of America, a symbol of the country and New York.
The statue was created by the sculptor and architect Frederic Bartholdi. The sculpture had to be made by 1876. Its completion was to coincide with the centenary of the Declaration of Independence of America. The creation of the statue is a joint work of the French and Americans. The pedestal was created by the Americans, and the statue was made in France. In New York, the statue was pieced together.
More money was needed than expected. For this reason, they organized a large-scale fundraising campaign and various events. To calculate the dimensions of the structure of a huge monument, the help of a specialist was needed. A.G. Eiffel developed the design of a reliable support made of iron and a frame that allowed the copper shell to move freely and at the same time maintain the balance of the statue.
Citizens of America with not a special desire to hand over money. For this reason, there were difficulties in collecting the required amount. D. Pulitzer published several articles in the World newspaper in which he appealed to the Americans to allocate funds for a good cause. Criticism turned out to be very harsh, and this led to the desired result.
By the beginning of August 1885, America managed to get the necessary amount. By this time, the French had completed their work and delivered parts of the monument to New York. The Statue of Liberty had three hundred and fifty parts, which took up two hundred and fourteen boxes. Within four months, all parts of the statue were assembled. At very in large numbers people on October 26, 1886, the legendary monument was unveiled. The centenary gift was ten years late. It should be noted that the hand and the torch were collected even earlier and they were put on display in 1876 in Philadelphia.
Location
The statue is mounted on a pedestal on the grounds of Fort Wood, built for the War of 1812. It has the shape of a star. Initially, for a number of decades, the monument was serviced by the American Lighthouse Service. And only in 1924 he received the status national monument. In 1937, the territory of the attraction was increased, covering the entire area of Bedloe Island. Nineteen years later, Bedloe was renamed Liberty Island.
Restoration
In 1982 the monument was restored. US leader R. Reagan himself followed this process. They organized a fundraiser again and raised eighty-seven million dollars. It took much less time to raise these funds than last time. In 1984, the attraction was included in a number of monuments of world importance. In early July 1986, the complex was reopened to the public. This was done in honor of the statue's centenary.
To climb to the top of the statue, you need to overcome three hundred and fifty-four steps. And to climb up the pedestal - one hundred and ninety-two steps. The crown has twenty-five windows. They symbolize the jewels of the Earth and the rays of the sun that illuminate the world. There are seven rays on the crown. They symbolize the seas and continents. Thirty-one tons of copper was spent on the ebb of the statue. The total weight of the steel structure is one hundred twenty-five tons.
The most famous symbol of America is the sculpture "Liberty Enlightening the World". Many are aware that it was a gift from France, but few people know which country else participated in its creation, albeit indirectly.
Also from the article it will be possible to learn about some interesting facts associated with the construction, installation and operation of the statue. And also you will know the names of those who made a lot of effort to create a monument.
What was the gift for?
It is known who gave America the Statue of Liberty. But what was this gift dedicated to? In 1876, France decided to present a present for the centenary of US independence. It took years to raise funds for this idea. The French and Americans took part in this. But while the statue was erected, several years had passed, and the anniversary of independence had already passed.
"Lady Liberty" holds a tablet in her hand, on which the date of signing is written in Latin, namely "July 4, 1776". In 1883, Emma Lazarus' sonnet "The New Colossus" was dedicated to the statue. Lines from it were engraved on a plate in 1903 and attached to the pedestal of the sculpture.
History of creation
The story began with the decision of France to entrust this work to the sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Further, the countries agreed that the pedestal would be built by American forces, and the sculpture - at the expense of the French. Who else was involved in the creation of the gift?
For your attention - a list of those who gave America the Statue of Liberty:
- Frédéric Bartholdi designed the exterior and gave his wishes on where the Lady Liberty could best be placed;
- and his assistant Maurice Koechlin created drawings of a massive steel support and supporting frame;
- Richard Morris designed the pedestal for the sculpture;
- US General William Sherman chose the site for the statue;
- Ulysses Grant is the President of the United States who supported the idea of creating a symbol of Freedom.
The sculpture was completed in 1884. She was delivered disassembled on the frigate Ysere to New York Harbor a year later. It took more than two hundred boxes to do this. The assembly took four months, and the official opening took place on 10/28/1886. Despite the fact that the gift was ten years late for the centenary, many honored guests gathered for its opening, including US President Grover Cleveland. If it were not for such a belated opening of the monument, then the people of America heard a congratulatory speech from which 07/04/1976 still held this post.
Russian trace
In addition to the French and Americans, according to some sources, Russians are also involved in sculpture. The copper sheets with which it was covered were purchased in Russia. They were made at the Nizhny Tagil plant. However, many researchers have already been able to refute this fact. The fact is that in those days there had not yet been laid in Nizhny Tagil Railway. The researchers concluded that the copper was brought from Norway, although there is no documentary evidence for this.
Who gave America the Statue of Liberty? Regardless of whether there was a Russian or Norwegian trace in this, it was the French people who initiated and created the symbol of freedom.
Selecting a location for installation
Where is the Statue of Liberty today? As at the time of its installation, it is located on an island three kilometers southwest of Manhattan (its southern part), in New York. Before the appearance of the statue, it was called Bedloe's Island. After the installation of a French gift on it, the people began to call it the island of Liberty. In 1956 it was officially renamed.
Use of the statue
For the entire period of its existence, the well-known symbol of America was not just an architectural monument. Initially, it was planned to be used as a lighthouse. Practice has shown that the lamps in the torch were weak and inefficient. From the unit that managed the lighthouses, the figure was transferred to the military department, and later to the service that dealt with national parks.
By 1924, the exhibit became a US National Monument, and was later included in the UNESCO list.
How was the Statue of Liberty used? different years? She had the following incarnations:
- lighthouse;
- museum;
- Observation deck.
During the entire existence of the figure, it was repaired many times, but the most global work was carried out in 1938 and 1984.
The reader already knows who gave America the Statue of Liberty. But few people know that the sculpture depicts ancient Greek (some historians agree on this). This goddess was the mistress of hell, and the torch was used by her in underworld. In addition, she was considered the patroness of witchcraft, insanity, madness, obsession. Hecate was depicted with horns on her head, but they can be seen at the statue in the form of rays of light. Although it is believed that in fact Bartholdi embodied the image of the ancient Roman goddess Libertas.
The right hand holding the torch crossed Atlantic Ocean three times. It was first transported in 1884 to Philadelphia for the World's Fair, after which it was returned back. The third time the hand swam across the ocean with all the other parts of the statue.
After the events of September 11, 2001, access to the island and the symbol of America was closed. By 2012, access was fully open, up to the crown. You can go up the stairs or take the elevator. To reach the crown, you need to go through 356 steps. On observation deck 25 windows were created that offer a view of the harbor.
There are many smaller copies in the world. For example, in Paris, Tokyo, and more than two hundred copies are in America itself.
It is believed that the number of rays on the crown symbolize the seven continents, according to Western geographical tradition.
By 1886, the torch was badly damaged by corrosion and it was replaced with a new one, which was covered with 24-carat gold.
