The place is harsh. Extreme climatic conditions, difficult communications with the mainland, a double island margin for imported goods (and almost everything is imported), the constant threat of natural disasters in the form of eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis.
(you) Only a truly strong person in every sense, who is crazy about this difficult region, can live here. And there really is something to be crazy about here.
On the Kuril Islands, on the territory of a little less than Israel, Slovenia, about half of Belgium, lives only ~ 20 thousand people. people, of which a little more than half - in three settlements - Severo-Kurilsk, Kurilsk and ... yeah, Yuzhno-Kurilsk. It is curious that the first two have the official status of a city, despite the fact that in terms of total population they are inferior to the third, which is an urban-type settlement. There are also a number of villages and seasonal fishing villages that come alive in the summer and mothballed in the winter.
How does it live in the Kuriles?
I don't know, I didn't live. I suspect it's not easy. Especially from the point of view of a resident of Moscow. We spied this life only out of the corner of our eye and in the midst of the local summer. And here's what to tell.
On the way from north to south along the Kuril ridge, stop number one is Severo-Kurilsk, Paramushir Island. The journey takes one night by boat from Petrovavlovsk-Kamchatsky. I immediately remembered the Moscow-Helsinki trains: in the evening I sat down, slept (or didn’t sleep, but had a great time), in the morning on the spot (in the late 90s I had to travel). There is no regular air service - due to the lack of an airport. Whether helicopters from Kamchatka fly here - I don’t know, I doubt it - it will be a little expensive, very expensive. ABOUT! However, they fly - according to Wikipedia, there is a heliport in the city!
Photo by L.K.
To come to Severo-Kurilsk just like that because of the “wanted” will not work. However, as in other Kuril settlements. The Kuriles are a border zone, and therefore, in order to join their beauties, you need to obtain permission in advance from the relevant federal service, and upon arrival, the first thing to do is check in.
It was with this procedure that our acquaintance with the city and the Kuril people began. In the agreed place X on Paramushirsky volcanic beach we were met by a stern border guard. He slowly checked the list of all the arrivals, carefully comparing photos and names. Attempts of some tourists to joke were immediately stopped by the phrase “I ask without sarcasm” and looked in such a way that it became immediately clear that he was not joking about the inadmissibility of jokes :)
The lists, passports and faces of their owners matched, the formalities were quickly closed, we were put on a bus and taken to the city.
The city has a tragic history. It was founded right on the coast from the ocean part of the island. In 1952 the city was washed away by a tsunami, killing half the population. During the Soviet Union, this information was classified and was first published only in the early 90s. After the tsunami, Severo-Kurilsk was rebuilt in a safer place away from the coast, but the memory of this tragic event remained.
The old city, destroyed by the tsunami, is now a gloomy sight - the skeletons of houses, sunken ships, washed ashore by the tsunami, overgrown swampy streets, rusty mechanisms and other traces of a long-standing catastrophe. Just abandoned forever to rust and rot. A depressing impression, especially at dusk, under a fine cold rain that watered us for almost the whole day.
The "new" city seems to be quite a habitable place. Life, of course, is not in full swing here - but for some reason I expected a much worse sight. Surprisingly - shops, a beauty salon, playgrounds, a kindergarten and a school, monuments, a church, a freshly renovated clinic and even one hotel for a not very demanding taste. Well, of course, everything is far from being as glamorous and fluffy as the inhabitant of the European part of the country is used to, but almost everything is there.
The housing stock is partially newly renovated, while the other part makes a depressing impression, especially in nasty weather, which seems to be here all the time ... Somehow it’s not even very clear how one can survive the harsh Kuril winter in such barracks. Well, somehow they are worried!
And the winters here are not only cold, but also windy and snowy. Sometimes for local residents, the morning begins with a useful and inevitable exercise - to clear the entrance to the house from snow from within. Here is a photo from the personal archive of L.K. (who took us around the island and Ebeko volcano all day long):
The roads here are made of reinforced concrete (a little) or rolled on a primer (a lot). Therefore, the fleet is appropriate - mostly elderly right-handed SUVs from the southern neighbor on the rubber of the highest cross-country ability, and ATVs.
There is also a hydroelectric power station! Aha! They say that the idea to use a small waterfall on the outskirts of the city came to the Japanese and with them there was some kind of unit. The hydroelectric power station has recently been updated, a concrete road has been laid, judging by the noise - it works!
Paramushir - strong volcanic island and it was a sin not to use it. It is meant to send thermal water from volcanisms to the needs of public utilities. In Soviet times, there were several attempts to drill wells, but, alas, nothing came of it and therefore they are still heated mainly with coal.
The volcanic present of Paramushir does not have a very good effect on the environment. Locals say that due to the abundant sulfuric fumes and ash, the water and air in the city ... are far from environmental standards. I didn’t notice anything like that, because the constant rain and wind brought much more inconvenience.
But the people here... well, the others just don't survive here. It is understandable, without mutual assistance in such parts you will not live long. Very different fates, often incredible fate, but there is always a feeling that they love this region, they are insanely proud to live here and are happy to show it to gentle Moscow office plankton :)
How the population lives here - three main occupations. It's fish, fish and more fish. There is also a customs office and a border outpost - everything is like on the rest of the inhabited islands of the Kuril ridge.
Tourism is practically absent here, judging by the fact that no other tourists were observed on the huge Ebeko volcano except us. The climate is harsh, the rain is cold, the wind blows away - so they rolled down in a state of slight awesomeness and a slight chill. There was practically no time left to explore the city - so Severo-Kurilsk is somehow a blurry impression. Next time we should stay at the "Fisherman's House" for a couple of days, since besides Ebeko there is still something to see.
For example, Shumshu Island - as they say, a unique place, very beautiful (in sunny weather), the only flat island of all the Kuriles.
Photo by L.K.
Hiking on Paramushir Island
We passed an interesting route around the island of Paramushir ( Kurile Islands) 414.4 km, 27 days. Also, in the remaining time, we covered 100.4 km in Kamchatka, 5 days. Paramushir Island is the second largest island in the archipelago after Iturup. From the language of the Ainu (indigenous people) it is translated as "wide island". The island is about 120 km long and up to 30 km wide. Neighboring islands: Shumshu, Alaid, Antsiferova, Onekatan and several small rocks. Administratively, Paramushir is part of the North Kuril City District. Sakhalin region Russia. Problematic passenger communication exists only with Kamchatka. In the north of the island is the city of Severo-Kurilsk, whose life is associated with fishing industry. The largest Ainu settlement on Paramushir was once located on the site of Severo-Kurilsk, and the island itself was part of Russian Empire. However, in 1875 all the Kuril Islands were lost to Russia. The Japanese began active fishing and military development of the island. On Paramushir and on the neighboring island of Shumshu, the Japanese military garrison numbered 23 thousand people. On August 18, 1945, Soviet landing units landed on Paramushir, the fighting continued for five days. On August 23, the troops of the Red Army occupied Kasivabara, later renamed Severo-Kurilsk.They walked around Paramushir Island clockwise, entering its inner parts. The route was built in such a way as to cover all the significant sights of the island - Cape Okeansky, Cape Vasiliev, various waterfalls, the hot Yuryev River, the volcanoes of Karpinsky, Fuss, Tatarinov, Chikurachka, Vernadsky, Ebeko, etc. Since there is only one inhabited island on the island point Severo-Kurilsk, autonomy was complete. A few more people live in 3 different parts of the island. The inner regions of the island were passed on the rights of first ascent - there were no descriptions, and those that were did not cover the necessary sections. Paramushir is interesting for volcanoes, animals and flora, hot springs, old Japanese fortifications and technology, and, of course, the lack of people. There are very few trails and roads on the island. We walked mainly along the coast, along the rivers and along the tops of the ridges, where there is no elfin. During the hike along Paramushir, we did not meet a single tourist group. It was not possible to make it to the Shumshu and Atlasov islands for transport reasons (although they planned).
From interesting it is possible to note the following. The beautiful coast of the island, with bays, capes, landslides, clamps, remnants, arches, mirror beaches, stones, waterfalls falling from cliffs, numerous sea birds, seals, sea otters and small rocks-islands near the coast. In many places, various mechanisms and containers are lying around, large gears of incomprehensible purpose. Regularly you need to cross the ford of the river, in total there are 32 crossings on the route. There were 26 climbs and canyons of varying complexity on the route. In addition to the usual obstacles, there are special ones that cause quite a few problems - Japanese trenches, which are sometimes well preserved and have vertical walls 2 m deep, densely overgrown with dwarf and silkworm - they are not even always visible. I think their total length in Paramushir is huge: 200-500 km. In the capes, tunnels are punched, which were intended for defense. There were also pillboxes, many of which were overgrown with elfin. The weather at altitudes above 500-1000 m is usually good, and at sea level it is almost always fog or rain. This explains the fact that the snow lies even at sea level, and on the tops of the ridges it, in my opinion, is even less.
Black lakes at Cape Ozerny. Detour of clamps on alder and cedar dwarf on capes Levasheva, Rybachy, Baklany and others. The ruins of the Soviet outpost Galkino. Teplyaki along the coast, to which hunters and fishermen come by boat or come on snowmobiles. Cute, bright bears. Over 20 bears were seen during the trip, not counting cubs. The remains of the Japanese military airfield and the Suribachi fortifications on Cape Okeansky - the skeleton of the hangar, aircraft parts, rusting airfield equipment, overgrown concrete runway, a 58-meter-high mound, pillboxes, bunkers. Cast ashore by the tsunami in 1952, wooden whaling ships - after the war there was a Soviet whaling plant, from which the details of the foundation and pieces of iron remained. The tsunami in 1952 was catastrophic - a wave height of 18 m, destroyed almost all the villages on the island, including Severo-Kurilsk, half of the island's population died - 3000 people. Severo-Kurilsk was rebuilt, and the rest of the villages were abandoned. On capes Rybachy, Kurochkin and others - columnar separateness, not the same as on Kunashir, but still worthy of attention.
Hospitable hosts in Podgorny - the former outpost, at the lighthouse on Cape Vasiliev and in the former village of Shelekhovo. In Podgorny, 4 people keep working navigation system for submarines. Ruins of an abandoned outpost. Nearby are the ruins of a whale factory with tanks, ovens, a canned food production line, and, as everywhere else, a rusty ship stranded. A dead killer whale on the shore. Wind, raging ocean and constant rain. Bright flowers, wet, green grass. And, as usual, red fish. There are many interesting things on Cape Vasiliev. Large Japanese pillboxes with seaweed lining, stalactites and steel doors, a Japanese airfield in the Baikovo tract with a collapsed hangar and some buildings. Abandoned Soviet military equipment runway, tractor "Stalinets", a rusty air bomb, a working lighthouse, a gun nearby and a bunch of all sorts of ruins. Fuel barrel Wehrmacht 1942, abandoned radio beacon, car skeletons. One of the pillboxes "fell" out of the hill and slid into a hollow - now it stands crooked. Cape Kapustny with mountains of sea kale. A large stone arch near the Buyny stream.
Climbing the Karpinsky volcano - climbed above the clouds, the view is amazing - the sun, a sea of clouds with the tops of islands-volcanoes! Karpinsky caldera with snow patches, steep slopes, talus, colorful rocks, yellow fumaroles, nearby Fussa volcano cone. Climbing the Fussa volcano - clouds, a panorama of the Karpinsky ridge, steep slopes, a crater with a snowfield melted from the heat of the earth. We go back to the Karpinsky Ridge - rivers, bears, partridges, flowers, beautiful lakes, fantastic clouds over the mountains. A sharp crest in the fog, dwarf, and again the sun is up! Volcano Tatarinov with weak fumaroles, a multi-colored slope in a destroyed crater. Fresh slag fields from the recent eruption of the nearby Chikurachki volcano. Climbing in the fog to the top of Chikurachka - knocking down wind, suffocating gases on the edge of the crater, lack of visibility. Chikurachki is one of the most active volcanoes smoked, highest point Paramushira - 1816 m. Last eruption It was in 2008, now it is only actively smoking. Descent along an unpleasant red scree in the fog to Lake Chistoe, which is no longer clean, but a swamp. Concrete strip of the Japanese airfield, anti-tank ditch, ruins near Cape Shelekhov. 3 fishermen and the ruins of the Shelekhovo outpost. The coast is sometimes littered with the remains of fishing nets, logs, ropes.
Ascent to the Vernadsky Ridge along the difficult Sokolik River - walk on water. Toothy Mountain Tooth and, in general, the gentle Vernadsky Range with many volcanoes: Vernadsky, Bilibin, Kozyrevsky, Krasheninnikov. Craters, lakes, sun, view of the various volcanoes on the island and neighboring islands. The crater of the Bogdanovich volcano is occupied by a beautiful, large lake Malovodnoe. On the Nasedkin volcano lies a Japanese column with hieroglyphs. Interesting volcano Ebeko - numerous fumaroles, some like pillars, multi-colored crater lakes, smoking active crater, lunar landscapes, Alaid volcano cone on Atlasov island. Ebeko is one of the most active volcanoes in the Kuriles. During the last eruption in 2009, about 19 thousand tons of rock were ejected, the plume of gas stretched from the volcano for 20 km, the removal of volcanic gases was 4600 tons / day. Beautiful gorge of the Yuriev river. This hot river carries about 35 tons of iron dissolved in water and 65 tons of aluminum into the Sea of Okhotsk per day. Soaring, very hot water, the sun setting next to the black cone of the Alaid volcano. Yellow stones on the seashore, clouds of birds, berries. A fortified area and a resting place for the north-Kuril people in Banjo. Around Severo-Kurilsk there is an interesting airfield plateau with concrete Japanese aircraft hangars and many berries. Mount Lighthouse with a long tunnel and a port at the foot. Fish factory with a mountain of scallop shells. Stranded rusting ships. Inherited from the Japanese, the hydroelectric dam, etc. View of the volcanoes of Kamchatka from the helicopter window.
After returning to Kamchatka, 5 days remained, during which we managed to climb the Kozelsky, Avachinsky volcanoes and swim in the Nalychevo hot springs. Loose volcano Kozelsky, sharp rocks on the traverse to the Avachinsky volcano, remnants, glaciers, beautiful panoramas of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, red slopes of Avacha with many people on the edge of the crater sealed with a lava plug. Fumaroles, the handsome Koryaksky volcano. Nalychevo Park - hot springs, tundra, volcano cones, mushrooms and berries, good trails.
Paramushir is one of northern islands Kurilov and is located in a slight distance from the Kamchatka Peninsula. This is an area with a rather harsh climate. Refers to the territory of Russia, to The name of the island is translated as "big". So called it the Ainu, the people who lived in the old days on Japanese islands. According to other versions, the name means "crowded". Although now it is difficult to call it such. The only settlement on the island of Paramushir is Severo-Kurilsk, the number of inhabitants in which barely exceeds two and a half thousand people.
Description
Paramushir belongs to the northern group of the Kuril Islands along with such as Onekotan and Traps. Nearby, even to the north, there is a smaller area. Neighboring territories are separated by the Second Kuril Strait. The area of Paramushir Island is approximately two thousand kilometers, it is one of the largest in the archipelago.
Here there are volcanoes, mountains, several lakes, the most famous of which is Mirror. Climatic conditions are distinguished by strong winds at any time of the year, sometimes they reach more than 200 km per hour. Therefore, there are few trees and large shrubs on the island, the forest zone is practically absent. Life here is not easy for people either. winter time snow levels are above the limit. Often, residents have to rake the entrance to the dwelling littered with snow with a shovel. Other problems: possible and periodically occurring floods, earthquakes, eruptions.
From the history
Until the beginning of the 18th century, the Ainu lived on the island of Paramushir, who did not accept the power of Russia. The people refused to pay taxes in kind to the state until armed Cossacks arrived on the territory. After that, the Ainu submitted to the authorities. From the 30s they accepted the Orthodox faith, entered into citizenship. Later, the population began to die out. The cause is thought to be a smallpox epidemic. In 1875, Paramushir was handed over to the Japanese, and the area began to be populated again. The first city appeared (now Severo-Kurilsk). The Japanese were engaged in fishing, founded the port. And during World War II, the territory was occupied by the military. Artillery was installed here, an airport was founded for air defense.
In 1945, Soviet paratroopers arrived at Paramushir, and the Japanese had to surrender. The territory became part of the Soviet Union. The settlements were renamed, Russians began to move there, equip their homes, and manage their household. But the peaceful existence did not last long. In 1952, a tsunami hit Paramushir.
The lack of a warning system caused a large number disaster victims. Settlements were destroyed. The recovery went slowly. Severo-Kurilsk was practically rebuilt.
Severo-Kurilsk
The settlement was founded in the northern part of the island, not far from it - the ruins of a Japanese airfield during the war. Previously, the city was called Kasivabora. At a distance of several kilometers, the Ebeko volcano rises. Its peak is located at an altitude of 1037 m. A little further away is Mount Nasedkina, ten meters higher than the volcano. Other settlements remained on the island, there are about eight in total, but after the tsunami, the existing buildings were not restored. Because the villages are still empty. Residents of the city are mainly engaged in fishing, there is a plant for its processing and processing of seafood.
There are children's schools on the island of Paramushir, including a music school; in the mid-70s of the last century, the House of Culture was opened, where concerts and festive events are held. In the 1990s, a new hospital appeared. Now there is even a small museum dedicated to the nature and history of the region.
Flora and fauna
If we compare the species diversity of plants and living beings of the Paramushir Island and the Kamchatka Territory, the number of species in the second territorial zone is much higher. Island vegetation is poorer. Of the shrubs, there is practically only one variety - oud willow. The plant is resistant to cold and winds. It also grows in China, Yakutia. Most often it can be found near rivers.
In the warm season, residents collect blueberries and lingonberries. Alder and a kind of lily, saranka, also grow. On the slopes of the hills you can find a common in Russia and an unusually useful plant willow tea. As for animals, a unique animal lives in these parts - the Paramushir shrew. You can meet foxes, whites, brown bears dangerous to humans. There are a lot of fish, most of all they catch pink salmon and sockeye salmon. Sea depths near the island - habitat
Volcano Chikurachki
On the Karpinsky Ridge, far from the city, you can see a stratovolcano. Still active, periodically covering the surrounding area with ash. One of its last “awakenings” occurred in July 2016. The ash reached an area 100 km from the volcano, covered houses and cars in Severo-Kurilsk with a thin layer. Among the recorded last eruption was noted in 2015. Experts say that the volcano does not pose a great danger to the residents of the city: it is located quite far away. But there is a certain threat to overflying aircraft.
The duration of recent eruptions of a weak nature usually varied from a few days to a couple of weeks. The last of the powerful ones occurred in 1986. Then the volcano threw out lava flows, and the ash rose to a height of 11 kilometers. The process took at least three weeks.
Cape Vasiliev on Paramushir Island
Crossing the island along its length, you can reach Cape Vasiliev. On the way you will meet the Karpinsky volcano, several rivers that will have to be forded. A lot of equipment and structures from the time of the war remained on the cape. There is also a lighthouse where several people live permanently. In the district there are old aircraft hangars, a former Japanese airfield, pillboxes and other buildings. You can see in these places Soviet tanks, tractors, various weapons used in World War II and abandoned later. The equipment has rusted and is now unusable.
Behind Cape Vasiliev on the Paramushir Island of the Kuril Islands is Cape Kapustny (if you follow the direction from Severo-Kurilsk).
The element does not sleep
There are frequent earthquakes in these parts. The locals are used to them and know what tactics to follow. In September 2017, there was a big flood on Paramushir Island. Part of the buildings and equipment in Severo-Kurilsk were hidden under water. The cause of the flood was an increase in the water level in the river after prolonged rains. The course changed and headed straight for the city. Similar incidents often happen in Paramushir. But the most terrible threat is another tsunami or typhoon. However, people have already learned to predict such phenomena. And, if something threatens human lives, everyone will be notified and prepared in advance. Even temporary evacuation is possible.
How to get there?
You can swim to the island on a specially rented sea vessel. For example, on a small ship for twenty to thirty seats. However, the cost of renting such a vehicle is quite high. The starting point of the route is usually Petropavlovk-Kamchatsky, from the bay of which ships leave. It is problematic to get from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: the distance is more than 1300 km. Near the islands, passengers are transferred to inflatable boats. While the ship is going through the registration procedure, passengers on boats moor to the shore.
Subsequently, groups of tourists should also be checked by the border services. The main thing is to have a passport with you (foreign - for residents of foreign countries). Another way to get to Paramushir Island is by helicopter. But changeable weather allows you to do this only on certain days. The price of a flight (rent of an aircraft) is also extremely high.
What to see?
First of all, tourists come to Paramushir in order to see unique places untouched nature. The raging sea, numerous waterfalls, peaks of mountains and volcanoes create an amazing landscape. You can take great photos on Paramushir Island if the weather is good. Which, by the way, is quite rare. It is best to visit places in August, this month is considered the warmest of the year. It is undesirable to visit in February: severe frosts and a significant layer of snow will not allow you to enjoy the beauties of nature.
Travelers interested in wartime history and technology will look with interest at the fortifications left over from the time when the region belonged to Japan.
But you should be careful when walking around the island: old shells may lie on the ground that did not have time to explode. Another danger is associated with a meeting with bears. However, animals try not to catch the eye of people. Do not forget about the likelihood of eruptions. You can learn about the rules of behavior in such situations from the guide or local residents.
Island walks
Before the trip, you need to stock up on food and medicine, as well as warm clothes and the most comfortable shoes. Tourists who set as their goal a multi-day hike with ascents should take into account that on the route they will have to ford rivers and streams. The lowlands are usually damp and foggy. Drizzling rains here are a constant tourist companion. Caution should be passed by the Japanese wartime trenches. Some of the holes are already overgrown and you can easily fall into them.
Crossing the territory to Cape Vasiliev, it is unlikely to meet people on the way. Not far from the city there are small waterfalls up to 15 meters in height. If you walk along coastline, then further you can see the 50-meter waterfalls of Paramushir Island. Where they are can be determined by the nearby rivers.
: 50°23′00″ s. sh. 155°41′00″ E d. / 50.38333° N sh. 155.68333° E d. / 50.38333; 155.68333(G) (I)
Paramushir (jap. 幌筵島 paramusiru something:, from Ainu " wide island») - one of the islands of the Northern group of the Great Ridge of the Kuril Islands. With an area of 2053 km², this is the second largest island of the archipelago after Iturup. It is about 120 km long and up to 30 km wide. On the island there is Lake Mirror.
General information
Administratively, the island is part of the North Kuril urban district of the Sakhalin Oblast of Russia. Located between the islands of Shumshu and Onekotan. In the north of Paramushir is the city of Severo-Kurilsk (2400 inhabitants in 2011) - the administrative center of the region and the only residential settlement of the island at the beginning of the 21st century. Non-residential settlements - Podgorny and Shelikhovo. The settlements that existed on the island Antsiferova, Vasilyevo, Galkino, Kamenisty, Kitovy, Mayorovo, Okeanskoye, Coastal, according to the 2002 census, do not have a permanent population, some [which?] of them were destroyed during the devastating tsunami of 1952.
Nature and geography of the island
Paramushir is one of the northernmost islands of the Kuril chain. Being the second largest island of the Kuril Islands (2053 km² in area), Paramushir Island stretches for more than 100 kilometers from the northeast to the southwest. The average width of the island is about 19-22 kilometers. From the northwest it is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk, from the southeast by the Pacific Ocean. From the side of the sea, the island is higher and steeper, less indented by bays, the coastal strip is narrow. On the ocean side, on the contrary, the coast is flatter and more difficult in relief, with low-lying coastal areas, bays, steep capes and many rocky reefs protruding 2-3 kilometers into the ocean. Paramushir Island is the most mountainous of major islands Kuril ridge. In the north and south of the island, the mountain range is higher, and in the middle part it is somewhat lowered, forming, as it were, a gentle saddle with many peaks. In the north of the island, the main highest points are Mt. Nasedkina(up to 1152 meters) and mountain Windy(up to 1088 meters). Spurs of the mountain Windy in the north they descend to the sea and form a cape explorer- the most northern point islands. Between these peaks, in the chain of the ridge Vernadsky, an active volcano is located 6-7 kilometers from the city of Severo-Kurilsk Ebeko(up to 1156 meters). The highest point of this ridge, the mountain itself Vernadsky(up to 1183 meters). At the southern tip of the island, in the same direction from north to south, there is another, larger ridge Karpinsky. It is formed by such major peaks as a volcano Chikurachki- the highest point of the island (up to 1817 meters), mountain Lomonosov(up to 1681 meters), mountain Arkhangelsk(up to 1463 meters), mountain Axe(up to 1199 meters), volcano Karpinsky(up to 1345 meters), mountain Barkova(up to 1314 meters). The south of the island ends in a cape Cabbage and tip of the peninsula Vasiliev, cape Gilyak(other name You man- the southernmost point of the island), between which there is a bay Vasiliev. West of the ridge Karpinsky jutting out into the sea as a peninsula Fussa, stands alone, a large (up to 1772 meters) volcano Fussa, with its spurs forming the westernmost point of the island, cape Unpassed. In total, there are 23 volcanoes on Paramushir, 5 of which ( Ebeko, Chikurachki, Tatarinov, Fussa And Karpinsky) are active. The easternmost point of the island is located in a low-lying, water-rich area, cape Ozerny. Paramushir is separated by the Alaid Strait from Atlasov Island, located 20 kilometers northwest; the Second Kuril Strait - Shumshu Island, located 2 kilometers northeast; by the Luzhin Strait (Third Kuril) - from Antsiferov Island, located 15 kilometers to the west; The fourth Kuril Strait - from the island of Onekotana, located 54 kilometers southwest. Near the island there are also several small islands, rocks and reefs: Chaikins, island Whale, island Chick, island Market, island barrier, island Smoke, rock junkies, rock Uno, rock dangerous, rock cunning, rocks Khmyr, rocks Foamy and others. A group of small islands avian, otherwise Brothers(island Market, islands Two Loons, island Cormorants), located in the northeast, opposite the cape Levashova and are separated from Paramushir by a strait, also named after the navigator Mikhail Dmitrievich Levashov. All three of these islets are part of a volcanic caldera protruding from under the water. Their old Japanese names: more southern high (up to 47 meters) - Togari (Ganimushir), more northern and lower - Kotani (Kotanimushir) and Ciri (Tsirimushir). The islets got their current names thanks to the numerous bird colonies and nesting sites of guillemots, puffins, fulmars, gulls and cormorants.
More than 100 individuals of the brown bear live on the island, there are fire fox, hare, ermine, on the coast there are sea otters. The endemic of Paramushir is the Paramushir shrew.
Story
In Suribatsi Bay (now Kolokoltsev Bay) there was a Japanese iodine plant, a Japanese naval fortified point with a significant garrison was created on the island.
On the Vasiliev Peninsula there is an air defense company, a frontier post, a naval reconnaissance company and a lighthouse (on Khmyr rock).
Volcanoes of Paramushir Island
There are several volcanoes on the island, of which 5 are active or potentially active.
- Chikurachki: 1816 m, 50°19′00″ s. sh. 155°28′00″ E d. / 50.31667° N sh. 155.46667° E d. / 50.31667; 155.46667(G) (I) - highest peak islands
- Fussa: 1772 m 50°16′00″ s. sh. 155°15′00″ E d. / 50.26667° N sh. 155.25000° E d. / 50.26667; 155.25000(G) (I)
- Tatarinov: 1530 m, 50°18′00″ s. sh. 155°27′00″ E d. / 50.30000° s. sh. 155.45000° E d. / 50.30000; 155.45000(G) (I)
- Karpinsky: 1345 m, 50°08′00″ s. sh. 155°22′00″ E d. / 50.13333° N sh. 155.36667° E d. / 50.13333; 155.36667(G) (I)
- Ebeko: 1156 m 50°41′00″ s. sh. 156°01′00″ E d. / 50.68333° N sh. 156.01667° E d. / 50.68333; 156.01667(G) (I)
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An excerpt characterizing ParamushirThe little man, with weak, awkward movements, constantly demanded for himself another pipe from the orderly for this, as he said, and, scattering fire from it, ran forward and looked at the French from under his small hand.- Crush, guys! - he said, and he himself picked up the guns by the wheels and unscrewed the screws. In the smoke, deafened by incessant shots that made him shudder every time, Tushin, without letting go of his nose warmer, ran from one gun to another, now aiming, now counting the charges, now ordering the change and harnessing of dead and wounded horses, and shouting to his weak, thin, indecisive voice. His face became more and more animated. Only when people were killed or wounded did he frown and, turning away from the dead, angrily shouted at the people, who, as always, hesitated to pick up the wounded or the body. The soldiers, for the most part handsome fellows (as always in a battery company, two heads taller than their officer and twice as wide as him), all, like children in a difficult situation, looked at their commander, and the expression that was on his face was invariably reflected on their faces. As a result of this terrible rumble, noise, need for attention and activity, Tushin did not experience the slightest unpleasant feeling of fear, and the thought that they might kill him or hurt him painfully did not occur to him. On the contrary, he became more and more cheerful. It seemed to him that a very long time ago, almost yesterday, there was that moment when he saw the enemy and fired the first shot, and that the patch of field on which he stood was a familiar, kindred place to him for a long time. Despite the fact that he remembered everything, thought everything, did everything that the best officer in his position could do, he was in a state similar to feverish delirium or the state of a drunk person. Because of the deafening sounds of their guns from all sides, because of the whistle and blows of enemy shells, because of the sight of servants sweating, flushed, hurrying near the guns, because of the blood of people and horses, because of the enemy’s smoke on the other side (after which everyone once a cannonball flew in and hit the ground, a person, a tool or a horse), because of the sight of these objects, his own fantastic world was established in his head, which constituted his pleasure at that moment. The enemy cannons in his imagination were not cannons, but pipes from which an invisible smoker emitted smoke in rare puffs. “Look, he puffed again,” Tushin said in a whisper to himself, while a cloud of smoke jumped out of the mountain and was blown to the left by the wind, “now wait for the ball - send it back.” “What do you order, your honor?” asked the fireworker, who stood close to him and heard him mutter something. “Nothing, a grenade…” he answered. “Come on, our Matvevna,” he said to himself. Matvevna imagined in his imagination a large extreme, ancient casting cannon. The French appeared to him near their guns as ants. A handsome man and a drunkard, the first number of the second gun in his world was his uncle; Tushin looked at him more often than others and rejoiced at his every movement. The sound of the fading, then again intensifying gunfight under the mountain seemed to him someone's breathing. He listened to the fading and rising of these sounds. “Look, she breathed again, she breathed,” he said to himself. He himself introduced himself huge growth, a powerful man who hurls cannonballs at the French with both hands. - Well, Matvevna, mother, do not betray! - he said, moving away from the gun, as an alien, unfamiliar voice was heard above his head: - Captain Tushin! Captain! Tushin looked around frightened. It was the staff officer who kicked him out of Grunt. He shouted to him in a breathless voice: - What are you, crazy. You've been ordered to retreat twice, and you... “Well, why are they me? ...” Tushin thought to himself, looking at the boss with fear. - I ... nothing ... - he said, putting two fingers to the visor. - I… But the colonel did not finish everything he wanted. A close-flying cannonball made him dive and bend over on his horse. He paused and was just about to say something else when the core stopped him. He turned his horse and galloped away. - Retreat! Everyone retreat! he shouted from afar. The soldiers laughed. A minute later the adjutant arrived with the same order. It was Prince Andrew. The first thing he saw, riding out into the space occupied by Tushin's guns, was an unharnessed horse with a broken leg, which was neighing near the harnessed horses. From her leg, as from a key, blood flowed. Between the limbers lay several dead. One shot after another flew over him as he rode up, and he felt a nervous tremor run down his spine. But the very thought that he was afraid lifted him up again. "I can't be afraid," he thought, and slowly dismounted from his horse between the guns. He gave the order and did not leave the battery. He decided that he would remove the guns from the position with him and withdraw them. Together with Tushin, walking over the bodies and under the terrible fire of the French, he took up cleaning the guns. “And then the authorities were coming now, so it was more likely to fight,” the fireworker said to Prince Andrei, “not like your honor.” Prince Andrei did not say anything to Tushin. They were both so busy that they didn't seem to see each other. When, having put on the limbers of the two guns that had survived, they moved downhill (one broken gun and a unicorn were left), Prince Andrei drove up to Tushin. “Well, goodbye,” said Prince Andrei, holding out his hand to Tushin. - Goodbye, my dear, - said Tushin, - dear soul! Farewell, my dear, - Tushin said with tears that, for some unknown reason, suddenly came into his eyes. The wind died down, black clouds hung low over the battlefield, merging on the horizon with gunpowder smoke. It was getting dark, and the more clearly the glow of fires was indicated in two places. The cannonade became weaker, but the rattle of guns behind and to the right was heard even more often and closer. As soon as Tushin with his guns, going around and running over the wounded, got out of the fire and went down into the ravine, he was met by his superiors and adjutants, including the staff officer and Zherkov, who was sent twice and never reached Tushin's battery. All of them, interrupting one another, gave and transmitted orders, how and where to go, and made reproaches and remarks to him. Tushin did not order anything and silently, afraid to speak, because at every word he was ready, without knowing why, to cry, he rode behind on his artillery nag. Although the wounded were ordered to be abandoned, many of them dragged along behind the troops and asked for guns. The very dashing infantry officer who, before the battle, jumped out of Tushin's hut, was, with a bullet in his stomach, laid on Matvevna's carriage. Under the mountain, a pale hussar cadet, supporting the other with one hand, approached Tushin and asked him to sit down. | ||||||||||||
