What is the name of the lake of the crater of the volcano. Crater Lake, Oregon, USA. Sky Lake, North Korea, China

Some background information on Crater Lake Park:

Official name: Crater Lake National Park.

Park area: 741 sq. km.

Foundation date: May 22, 1902

Crater Lake National Park is located in southern Oregon and was founded over a century ago, on May 22, 1902. Crater Lake is quite a place visited by tourists - up to three hundred and ninety thousand guests come here every year.

This lake is located in the crater of the old extinct volcano called Mount Mazama. Its maximum depth is five hundred ninety-seven meters, which makes Crater Lake the fifth deepest lake in the country and the seventh among all lakes on the planet. Crater is nine thousand six hundred meters long and eight thousand meters wide. Average depth lake is approximately equal to three hundred and fifty meters. It is noteworthy that not a single stream or river originates from the lake, just as they do not feed it with their waters. Tourists are attracted here not only by the amazing location of the lake in the caldera of the volcano, but also by the poisonous blue hue of the local water.

The edges of the caldera of the volcano are quite high - their height ranges from two thousand one hundred to two thousand four hundred meters above sea level. The formation of the caldera began almost immediately after the destruction of the Mount Mazama volcano, approximately seven thousand seven hundred years ago. The average height of the lake this moment is one thousand eight hundred and eighty three meters above sea level.

Many tourists are attracted to these parts by the hope of seeing Crater's mascot, the "Lake Old Man", a legend about which has spread throughout the world. In fact, the Lake Old Man has been floating on the lake for about a hundred years, which turned out to be an ordinary log. Surprising is not only the time of the log floating, but also the way it travels along the lake water surface - the log floats in an upright position. Perhaps the life of the log was extended by Crater's water, or rather, it is enough low temperature, able to preserve the structure of wood for many years.

Mount Mazama Volcano is part of the Cascade Mountains volcanic arc. Its main rocks are rhyodacite, dacite and andesite. The death of the volcano is considered to be his last eruption, which was so powerful that it caused it to sink. In the course of subsequent eruptions, volcanic forms close to modern ones were formed, Merriam Cone, Witch Island and a rhyodacite dome almost in the very center of the lake platform. The lake appeared due to precipitation and hot springs, which gradually cooled down. At the moment, scientists tend to believe that a new eruption of Mount Mazam is possible in the future.

Crater Lake was featured on the state's commemorative twenty-five cent coin, issued six years ago.

Crater Lake April 9th, 2013

This lake is located in the crater of an old extinct volcano called Mount Mazama. Its maximum depth is five hundred ninety-seven meters, which makes Crater Lake the fifth deepest lake in the country and the seventh among all lakes on the planet. Crater is nine thousand six hundred meters long and eight thousand meters wide. The average depth of the lake is approximately three hundred and fifty meters. It is noteworthy that not a single stream or river originates from the lake, just as they do not feed it with their waters. Tourists are attracted here not only by the amazing location of the lake in the caldera of the volcano, but also by the poisonous blue hue of the local water.

The edges of the caldera of the volcano are quite high - their height ranges from two thousand one hundred to two thousand four hundred meters above sea level. The formation of the caldera began almost immediately after the destruction of the Mount Mazama volcano, approximately seven thousand seven hundred years ago. The average height of the lake at the moment is one thousand eight hundred and eighty three meters above sea level.

About 7700 years ago there was a strong volcanic eruption of Mount Mazama. The formed volcanic crater, pressed by its own weight into the depths of the cooling lava, was filled with melting snow and rain for many centuries, which led to the crystal clear water and its extraordinary transparency. The lake has no outflow or inflow of rivers. According to experts, it took about 720 years for the volcano's crater to fill with water.

By nature, there were no fish in the lake, but the attempts of environmentalists to populate it were crowned with success, now salmon, trout and some others live here. Fishing does not require a license and there are no restrictions on the number of fish caught, but there is a requirement to use only artificial bait.

Giant Crater Lake - A lake in the crater of the National Park in Oregon was created about 150 years ago as a result of the eruption of the Mazama volcano. (Photo by Rancois Gohier/Ardea/Caters News)

The lake changed its name three times. The first European American to visit the shores of the lake was John Wesley Hillman on June 12, 1853. At first, he named the lake Deep Blue, then the name was changed to Blue Lake, Lake Majesty, and finally Crater Lake.

Many tourists are attracted to these parts by the hope of seeing Crater's mascot, the "Lake Old Man", a legend about which has spread throughout the world. In fact, the Lake Old Man has been floating on the lake for about a hundred years, which turned out to be an ordinary log. Surprising is not only the time of the log floating, but also the way it travels along the lake water surface - the log floats in an upright position. Perhaps the life of the log was extended by Crater's water, or rather, its rather low temperature, which can preserve the wood structure for many years.

Mount Mazama Volcano is part of the Cascade Mountains volcanic arc. Its main rocks are rhyodacite, dacite and andesite. The death of the volcano is considered to be its last eruption, which was so powerful that it led to its sinking. In the course of subsequent eruptions, volcanic forms close to modern ones were formed, Merriam Cone, Witch Island and a rhyodacite dome almost in the very center of the lake platform. The lake appeared due to precipitation and hot springs, which gradually cooled down. At the moment, scientists tend to believe that a new eruption of Mount Mazam is possible in the future.

Crater Lake was featured on the state's commemorative twenty-five cent coin, issued six years ago.

A crater lake is formed in the crater of a volcano or in a caldera, that is, a depression that has appeared due to the failure of the top of the volcano. It can also occur in an impact crater, which is formed on the surface of our planet as a result of a meteorite fall, or as a result of an artificial explosion created by man.
Water active volcano are often highly acidic, that is, saturated volcanic gases. In such lakes, a sediment of saturated green color is observed. Lakes in dormant or extinct volcanoes are different fresh water and, as a rule, exceptional transparency.
We invite you to learn about the most beautiful crater lakes in the world.

1. Crater Lake Crater, Mount Mazama Volcano - Oregon, USA.
This lake is known for its striking blue color and incredibly clear water. Crater Lake is the most deep lake in the United States, its depth is 594 meters. The reservoir is fed exclusively by precipitation.

2. Crater Lake Quilotoa - Ecuador.
The depth of the lake is 250 meters, and the water in it has a greenish tint. This color arose as a result of the dissolution of minerals. The lake itself is very cold, along the shore in places there are hot springs and microgeysers that gush out of cracks in the crater.

3. Crater lakes Albertina Rift - Africa.
These lakes include some of the most deep lakes in the world. For example, Lake Tanganyika, whose depth is 1470 meters. All lakes were formed as a result of the appearance of rifts.

4. Crater Lake Kelimutu - - Flores Island, Indonesia.
The Kelimutu volcano located on its top three crater lakes of different colors. Tiwu AtaMbupu lake water is blue, Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai lake is green and Tiwu Ata Polo is red. This place is of particular interest among geologists, as three lakes of different colors are located on top of the same volcano.

5. Mount Pinatubo Crater Lake - Luzon, Philippines.
The lake was formed after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. It is the deepest lake in the Philippines, as its depth is 800 meters.

6. Crater Lake Okkama ("Lake of Five Flowers"), Mount Zao - Honshu, Japan.
The lake was formed in 1720 after the eruption of the Zao volcano. It is also known as the "Lake of Five Flowers". The thing is that the water in the lake changes its shades depending on the weather. The depth of the lake is 600 meters.

7. Crater Lake, Mount Katmai - Alaska, USA.
In the center of the Mount Katmai stratovolcano is a lake measuring 4.5 by 3 kilometers. It was formed in 1912 as a result of an eruption. The surface of the crater lake is located at an altitude of 1286 meters.

8. Crater Lake on Taal Volcano - Luzon, Philippines.
The view of this lake is one of the most picturesque sights in the Philippines. A rock rises above the lake, which is called the Volcano Point.

9. Crater Lake Deriba, Jebel Marra - Darfur, Sudan.
The crater of the dormant volcano Deriba is located at an altitude of 3042 meters. Its diameter is from 5 to 8 km. A lake formed inside the crater as a result of an eruption approximately 3,500 years ago.

10. Crater Lake, Mount Ruapehu - New Zealand.
Ruapehu Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. It includes three peaks: Tahurangi, Te Heuheu and Paretetaitonga. Between the peaks there is a deep active crater that fills up with a lake between major eruptions.

11. Yak Lum Crater Lake - Ratanakiri, Cambodia.
The incredibly beautiful lake is located in a 4000-year-old volcanic crater. The lake is very deep, so the water is clean and clear. Lake Yak Lum has an almost perfect round shape. It is surrounded by rich tropical forests that are home to exotic birds.

12. Crater Lake Kerid, Iceland.
Minerals enter the water of the lake from the soil, as a result of which it is not transparent, but at the same time it strikes with its bright aquamarine color.

13. Crater Lake Licancabur - Chile.
The dimensions of this crater lake are 70 by 90 meters. Almost all the time the lake is covered with ice. Lake Licancabur is one of the highest lakes in the world. Despite the fact that the air temperature in this area can reach -30 degrees, planktonic animals are found in the lake.

14. Geothermal crater lake Viti - Askja, Iceland.
The diameter of this lake is approximately 150 meters. Its depth reaches 7 meters. The water in the lake is intense blue in color, as it contains minerals. A strong smell of sulfur emanates from the water.

15. Heavenly Lake, Mount Baekdu - China, North Korea.
This lake is located on the border between China and North Korea. The lake was formed as a result of a strong eruption in 969 (± 20 years). The lake covers an area of 9.82 square kilometers. The average depth of the lake is approximately 213 meters. From mid-October to June, the lake is covered with ice.

Crater Lake "Crater"(Crater Lake) can be seen in Oregon, USA. It is located 128 kilometers from the city of Ashland and is one of the amazing natural attractions of our world, formed in the crater of an extinct volcano Mount Mazama (Mount Mazama), the last eruption of which occurred 7700 years ago.

Crater Lake attracts tourists from all over the world with clear, clear water with a blue tint, but sometimes its color changes to an ominously gloomy one. The lake is located quite high, its edges are at an altitude of 2130 to 2440 meters, and the maximum depth reaches 594 meters. This places it as the second deepest in North America (the deepest is the Great Slave Lake) and eighth in the entire world (the deepest is Baikal). Its width is 8 by 9.6 kilometers.

Mount Mazama Volcano is part of the volcanic Cascade Mountains, composed primarily of dacite, rhyodacite, and andesite. Around 5700 B.C. a powerful eruption led to the immersion of Mount Mazama, while about 50 km were thrown into the air. rhyodacite. Later eruptions formed a platform in the center of the caldera, also creating many volcanic features. The most famous are Witch's Island, Merriam's Cone and the rhyodacite dome at the center of the platform.

The bottom of the caldera was covered with landslide deposits and sediments. Over time, it cooled and precipitation began to accumulate in it, eventually forming Crater Lake, which is now admired by many travelers who come here. Then the slopes were covered with dense forests, and streams formed a drainage system. Now at the bottom of the lake there is sometimes a slight hydrothermal activity, which suggests the possibility of a new eruption.

The name of the lake has changed several times. The first European American, John Wesley Hillman, traveled through Oregon on June 12, 1853, when he saw the lake, he was struck by its unusual color, beauty and location and named it "Deep Blue Lake". Over time, its name changed to Blue Lake, Majestic Lake, and finally became Crater Lake, which has stuck with it to this day.

The sight of Crater Lake and the surrounding scenery is breathtaking, which attracts many tourists here. Here you can see the sights of the lake - the Witch Island (a small volcanic island that rises from the water) and the "Old Man of the Lake", which is a vertically floating log that has been floating in the lake for more than a century. Due to cold water, the log was well preserved, only turned white due to weather effects. Apparently because of this "gray hair" and his age, he was given such a name. The diameter of the log is about 60 cm, its length is 9 meters, of which 120 cm rises above the water.

In 1902, thanks to the efforts of William Steele, who spent seventeen years convincing Congress of the need to protect and preserve the lake, Theodore Roosevelt declared the lake and the surrounding area a National Park. Also, thanks to the efforts of William Steele, Rim Drive was built - a 53-kilometer road encircling the lake. From it, Crater Lake can be seen from many different points, allowing you to fully enjoy the picturesque views. The road is open from May or June (if the snow hasn't gone yet) to October, so it's best time to visit the lake. Entrance to the park is paid, but the price is not significant.

In 2005, a 25-cent coin was dedicated to the state of Oregon, on the reverse of which Crater Lake was depicted.

Crater Lake is distinguished by its amazing blueness and purity of water, for which it was nicknamed "Blue-Eyed". The lake is unique in many ways, and a separate lake has even been created to protect it. national park.

Lake Crater Lake and National Park is located in the Cascade Mountains, to the west North America and northwest.

GENERATION OF UNDERGROUND FIRE

Crater Lake was formed as a result of active volcanic activity and grandiose eruptions.

Crater Lake in Oregon is known far beyond the United States. Glory to him was brought by the purest water, which has a bright blue color. This phenomenon is explained by the significant depth of the lake (594 m) and the transparency of the water: it absorbs all shades of the visible spectrum, except for blue, which is why it acquires an indigo color.

7,700 years ago, the lake appeared in the crater of the Mazama stratovolcano - one of several in the Cascade Mountains - after its eruption. Over time, precipitation and landslide deposits covered the caldera floor, forming a loose lake bed. As the caldera cooled, precipitation no longer evaporated, but accumulated at the bottom, forming a lake. Additional moisture was brought by streams formed during the melting of snow on the slopes of the caldera: there is a lot of snow here, sometimes up to 3 m. The slopes of the lake are overgrown with dense coniferous forest. Today, hydrothermal activity is still noted at the bottom of the lake.

The Klamath Indians of Oregon are familiar with the history of the lake, but among the people it has acquired a mythological appearance. According to legend, god underworld Lao, who wanted to destroy humanity, clashed in battle with the god of the upper world, Skell, who stood up for people. The defeated Lao fell from Mazama, breaking through the crater.

The first European American to discover the beauty of Crater Lake was John Wesley Hillman in 1853. He gave the lake its first name - Deep Blue Lake. Subsequently, the names of the reservoir changed more than once, until the modern Crater was settled.

"OLD MAN" AND THE LAKE

For more than a decade, a ten-meter tree trunk has been drifting in the waters of Lake Crater, remaining intact due to low temperatures.

There are only two relatively big islands- Witch Island and Ghost Ship. Both of them are cones of volcanic ash, formed after the formation of the caldera. At the same time, rhyodacite domes were formed.

One of the most famous sights of Crater Lake is a ten-meter pine trunk, nicknamed the “Lake Old Man”. For over a hundred years now, it has been floating on the lake in a strictly vertical position, rising about one and a half meters above the water, repeating the same route year after year. The tree owes its strength to the low temperature of the water in the lake.

Crater Lake National Park was created by William Steele (1854-1934), a conservation enthusiast known as the "Father of Crater Lake." For seventeen years he fought to open here national park until it happened in 1902. It was he who gave the names to the Witch Island and the rock of the god Lao.

Crater Lake National Park is also known for the Pumice Desert. This is a vast area with traces of ancient eruptions, devoid of vegetation, because due to the high porosity of the earth's surface, water instantly seeps into the depths. Stone spiers look bizarre: pointed columns were formed in places where poisonous gases were released, cementing ash and pumice in the form of spiers.

ATTRACTIONS

Natural:

■ Crater Lake.

■ Islands of Witchcraft and Ghost Ship.

■ Rhyodacite domes.

■ Pumice desert.

■ Fumaroles.

■ Stone spiers (Pinnacles).

■ Mount Scott, Hillman, Union and Crater.

■ Rock of the god Lao.

■ Old coniferous forest.

■ Crater Lake is the second deepest lake in North America after the Great Slave Lake (614 m) and the eighth-ninth deepest in the world (the deepest is Baikal, 1642 m).

■ In 2005, the US Mint minted a 25-cent piece to honor the state of Oregon and Crater Lake. It depicts the lake itself, Witch Island and the caldera.

■ The depth of the lake was first measured in 1886 by an expedition from the US Geological Survey. Depth was measured at 168 locations. The maximum depth of 608 m was recorded. More than a hundred years later, in 2000, according to the results of measuring the depth of the lake with the help of an echo sounder, it turned out that the previously obtained data were close to the truth.

■ Fish appeared in the lake in 1888: fry of sockeye salmon and rainbow trout were released here. The fish have taken root and are breeding well. Before the fish, the only living thing in the lake was the microscopic creature Algaphogopsis, also known as the "Crater Lake tick".

■ Crater Lake rarely freezes, as warm air masses pass over it with Pacific Ocean, although there is snow on the slopes for 8 months in a row. The last time the freezing of the lake was recorded in 1949.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Location: West North America, Northwest USA.
Administrative affiliation: Klamath County, Oregon, USA.
Origin: crater.
Water balance: drainless.
Mineralization: fresh.
Food: snow, rain.
Islands: Witchcraft and Ghost Ship.

NUMBERS

Pool: 60 km2.
Volume: 18.7 km3.
Mirror area: 53.2 km2.
Maximum length: 9.7 km.
Maximum width: 8 km.
Average depth: 350 m.
Maximum depth: 594 m.
Transparency: up to 40 m.
Average water temperature: +12.8°С.
Length coastline: 35.1 km.
Altitude above sea level: 1883 m.
Depth of the caldera: 1220 m.
Witch Island: height - 233 m.