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a , lies at an altitude of more than 300 m above sea level in a fertile oasis formed by the delta the Syrdarya river. Today Khujand one of the largest industrial and industrial centers of the republic, the most big city of Northern Tajikistan and the second largest in the country.

The city covers an area of ​​25 sq. km, where 155 thousand people of 20 nationalities live compactly.

Historically Khujand is one of the most ancient cities in Tajikistan. It is known from reliable sources that an archaic settlement existed here during the reign of the Ahmenid dynasty, which is much earlier than the arrival in these parts. Alexander the Great.

Due to its advantageous geographical position, Khujand more than once had to be in the center of various historical events. In ancient times, the city survived the invasion of many treacherous invaders: Alexander the Great who renamed it to Alexandria Eskhata, Arabs who brought Islam, horde Genghis Khan who sow destruction and death.

However, there were also positive moments in the fate of the city. Located at the crossroads of trade roads, Great Silk Road, Khujand since ancient times was one of the most important economic, cultural and military-strategic objects in Maverannahr e. Crafts and trade were well developed here, and as a result, favorable conditions were created for science and culture. The ancient city is the birthplace of famous astronomers, doctors, mathematicians, historians, musicians and poets. The most famous people of that time lived and worked here, such as Abumahmud Khujandi- head and founder of the local school of astronomers, Kamoli Khujandi- the author of well-known gazelles, Mahasti- the famous poetess, dancer and musician, singer and composer - Sodirkhon Khofiz,great traveler - Khoja Yusuf eminent statesmen Tehmosy And Temurmalik, as well as many, many others.

In 1866, during a military operation, the city, as part of other Central Asian territories, was annexed by tsarist Russia. A branch of the railway was stretched here, linking Khujand with Tashkent which gave a powerful impetus to the development of industry in the region.

In 1916, the city was the first in Central Asia began to revolt against the policy of tsarist Russia, the mobilization of the local population to the fronts of the First World War.

In early 1918, Soviet power was established here, and in 1929. Khujand joined the Tajik SSR.

Modern city- diversified industrial hub and administrative center Sughd region Tajikistan a, one of a placer of pearls Ferghana Valley. It is unusually beautiful here: majestic mountain landscapes, unhurried waters of eternal Syr Darya, crystal clear air, the emerald attire of the city, an abundance of vegetables, fruits and other gifts of the generous Tajik land. All this makes Khujand is unusually attractive for tourists especially since there is so much to see in the city.

Sights of Khujand.

Monument to Kamol Khujandi

The monument was erected in 1996 and dedicated to the 675th anniversary of the birth of the poet, thinker and traveler. The sculpture, created by K. N. Nadyrov, depicts a sitting barefoot poet, peering hopefully towards the setting sun, where his home was. Behind Khujandi, two huge wings are stretched out as a symbol of inspired poetry and the purity of human thoughts. …

Khujand fortress

Once upon a time, this citadel was part of ancient city, presumably founded in the VI-V centuries. BC e. In those days, the fortification was surrounded by an artificial rampart, later, in its place, a multi-meter wall of mud brick appeared, the remains of which to this day surround the territory of the ancient city, found under the central part of the left-bank Khujand. However, …

Mosque Masjidi Jami

Beautiful cathedral mosque of 1512-1513. - a magnificent example of the interpenetration of decorative art and the building culture of Central Asia. Particularly good is the 30-columned openwork aivan adjacent to the eastern wall of the mosque, some of the columns of which are covered with surprisingly fine carvings. In the northeastern part of the spiritual complex there is a traditional minaret with a domed lantern…

NUM height Official language Population Agglomeration National composition Confessional composition Names of residents

Khujandi

Timezone Telephone code Postcode car code Official site Awards

Khujand(taj. Khuҷand, from Sogd. kwc "nth, pers. خجند ‎, also known as Khujand, Leninabad, other Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη , Alexandria Eskhata) is a city in the north of Tajikistan, the administrative center of the Sughd region.

Name

The modern Russian name of the city is Khujand, sometimes transliterated as Khujand or Khujand.

By the Decree of the Supreme Council of the Tajik SSR No. 246 dated February 26, 1991, the historical name was returned to the city.

Transport

Population

Khujand is the second most populated city in Tajikistan after Dushanbe. As of January 1, 2016, 175,400 people lived in it. .

According to the 1897 census, 28,431 residents of the city indicated Tajik as their native language, 595 - Uzbek, 305 - Sart, 458 - Russian. Khujand agglomeration with a population of 884,900 people.

Geography and climate

Khujand is located on the banks of the Syr Darya, below the Kairakkum reservoir, 35 km above the Uzbek Bekabad, on the territory of the Ferghana Valley, between the spurs of the Turkestan Range in the south and the Mogoltau mountains in the north.

The city is located 200 km northeast of Dushanbe (300 km by road).

Climate

Quote from St. Petersburg Vedomosti, 1868 (No. 215, 219):

«… Khojent is located on the banks of the excellent, abounding Syr Darya and is surrounded on all sides by mountains, on the slopes of which luxurious gardens grow green, and all this together - water, mountains and vegetation in summer, with the local heat and droughts, gives the air a favorable freshness and purity, but moderation in winter. … Khujand is surrounded by magnificent gardens, which are more numerous here than in other parts of the region. All these orchards are orchards, the fruits grow here in amazing abundance and the surrounding cities are supplied with them ...»

Khujand was the birthplace of famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is Abumahmud Khujandi, the founder of the local astronomical school. “The Nightingale of Khujand” was called in the 14th century Kamol Khujandi, the author of the famous gazelles. Just as popular in the Middle Ages was the prominent poet, musician and dancer Mahasti. In the 19th century, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Khafiz, Khoji Yusuf were actively involved in educational work in Khujand.

In the Russian Empire

On May 24, 1866, the city was occupied by the Russian army and became part of the Russian Empire (see Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire). The entry into the empire of the center of a densely populated district, which had rich economic resources, the most important road junction between the Ferghana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a major trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of Khujand.

The city was the administrative center of the Khojent district of the Samarkand region.

In July 1916, the Central Asian uprising began in the city.

IN THE USSR

At the beginning of 1918, Soviet power was established in the city, on October 2, 1929 it was included in the Tajik SSR, and on January 10, 1936 the city was renamed Leninabad(in honor of V.I. Lenin). In 1941, it was located in Leninabad, which was the university of the People's Commissariat of the USSR and had a postal address: the city of Leninabad, Krasnaya Street, house number 25.

In the post-war period, Leninabad became the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The industry of the city became diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology, a silk factory operated in the city - one of the largest enterprises in the republic. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in the city produced the same amount of industrial output per day as in all pre-revolutionary Tajikistan in a year. Silk factory fabrics were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.

Since the 60s, Leninabad has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges over it.

In 1970, trolleybus traffic was launched in Leninabad.

During the years of Soviet power, fundamental changes have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in the city, in which about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical qualifications worked. education.

Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991, there were 30 schools in the city with about 30,000 students.

In 1986, the city celebrated its anniversary - the 2500th anniversary of its founding. In connection with this Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city of Leninabad was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

Modern Tajikistan

The XVI session of the Supreme Council, held in Arbob Palace, 10 km from Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and elected E. Sh. Rakhmonov as the chairman of the Supreme Council.

Culture, education

Theater. Local history, archaeological museum, park in honor of the poet Kamol Khujandi, which includes a mausoleum and a house-museum of the poet.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened, where only 26 people studied. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 16 faculties of this university, which was transformed into Khujand State University in 1991. Opened in 2010.

Attractions

The medieval citadel, the mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Muslihiddin (XVII-XVIII centuries), the Orthodox Church of Mary Magdalene is the oldest Orthodox church in Tajikistan, built in 1884 at the expense of the Moscow merchant Khludov. Monument to the poet Kamol Khujandi, a native of the city.

Warlord Fortress Museum Temurmalik, who offered fierce resistance to Genghis Khan.

twin cities

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Notes

2. Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.(Russian) (01.01.2015). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
3. Tajikistan // Atlas of the world / comp. and prepare. to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; ch. ed. G. V. Pozdnyak. - M. : PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - S. 116. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
4. Dictionary of geographical names of the USSR / GUGK, . - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M. : Nedra, 1983. - S. 141.
5. Sovetabad // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
7. About location Alexandria Eskhata see also the article Antioch of Zayaxartes.

Links

• TSB :
• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Administrative center Khujand ATD Cities

An excerpt characterizing Khujand

Napoleon, despite the fact that more than ever, now, in 1812, it seemed to him that it depended on him verser or not verser le sang de ses peuples [to shed or not to shed the blood of his peoples] (as in the last letter he wrote to him Alexander), was never more than now subject to those inevitable laws that compelled him (acting in relation to himself, as it seemed to him, according to his own arbitrariness) to do for the common cause, for the sake of history, what had to be done.
The people of the West moved to the East in order to kill each other. And according to the law of the coincidence of causes, thousands of petty reasons for this movement and for the war coincided with this event: reproaches for non-observance of the continental system, and the Duke of Oldenburg, and the movement of troops to Prussia, undertaken (as it seemed to Napoleon) only to to achieve an armed peace, and the love and habit of the French emperor for war, which coincided with the disposition of his people, the fascination with the grandeur of preparations, and the costs of preparation, and the need to acquire such benefits that would pay for these costs, and intoxicated honors in Dresden, and diplomatic negotiations, which, in the opinion of contemporaries, were led with a sincere desire to achieve peace and which only hurt the vanity of both sides, and millions and millions of other reasons that were faked as an event that was about to happen, coincided with it.
When an apple is ripe and falls, why does it fall? Is it because it gravitates towards the earth, because the rod dries up, because it dries up in the sun, because it becomes heavier, because the wind shakes it, because the boy standing below wants to eat it?
Nothing is the reason. All this is only a coincidence of the conditions under which every vital, organic, spontaneous event takes place. And the botanist who finds that the apple falls down because the cellulose decomposes and the like will be just as right and just as wrong as that child standing below who says that the apple fell down because he wanted to eat. him and that he prayed for it. Just as right and wrong will be the one who says that Napoleon went to Moscow because he wanted it, and because he died because Alexander wanted him to die: how right and wrong will he who says that he collapsed into a million pounds the dug-out mountain fell because the last worker struck under it for the last time with a pick. In historical events, the so-called great men are labels that give names to the event, which, like labels, have the least connection with the event itself.
Each of their actions, which seems to them arbitrary for themselves, is in the historical sense involuntary, but is in connection with the entire course of history and is determined eternally.

On May 29, Napoleon left Dresden, where he stayed for three weeks, surrounded by a court made up of princes, dukes, kings, and even one emperor. Before leaving, Napoleon treated the princes, kings and the emperor who deserved it kindly, scolded the kings and princes with whom he was not completely satisfied, presented his own, that is, pearls and diamonds taken from other kings, to the Empress of Austria and, tenderly embracing the Empress Marie Louise, as his historian says, he left her with a bitter separation, which she - this Marie Louise, who was considered his wife, despite the fact that another wife remained in Paris - seemed unable to endure. Despite the fact that diplomats still firmly believed in the possibility of peace and worked diligently towards this goal, despite the fact that Emperor Napoleon himself wrote a letter to Emperor Alexander, calling him Monsieur mon frere [Sovereign brother] and sincerely assuring that he did not want war and that he would always love and respect him - he rode to the army and gave new orders at each station, aimed at hastening the movement of the army from west to east. He rode in a road carriage drawn by a six, surrounded by pages, adjutants and an escort, along the road to Posen, Thorn, Danzig and Koenigsberg. In each of these cities, thousands of people greeted him with awe and delight.
The army moved from west to east, and variable gears carried him there. On June 10, he caught up with the army and spent the night in the Vilkovis forest, in an apartment prepared for him, on the estate of a Polish count.
The next day, Napoleon, having overtaken the army, drove up to the Neman in a carriage and, in order to inspect the area of ​​​​the crossing, changed into a Polish uniform and drove ashore.
Seeing on the other side the Cossacks (les Cosaques) and the spreading steppes (les Steppes), in the middle of which was Moscou la ville sainte, [Moscow, holy city,] the capital of that, similar to the Scythian, state, where Alexander the Great went, - Napoleon, unexpectedly for everyone and contrary to both strategic and diplomatic considerations, ordered an offensive, and the next day his troops began to cross the Neman.
On the 12th, early in the morning, he left the tent that had been pitched that day on the steep left bank of the Neman, and looked through the telescope at the streams of his troops emerging from the Vilkovis forest, spilling over three bridges built on the Neman. The troops knew about the presence of the emperor, looked for him with their eyes, and when they found a figure in a frock coat and hat separated from the retinue on the mountain in front of the tent, they threw their hats up, shouted: “Vive l" Empereur! [Long live the emperor!] - and alone for others, without being exhausted, flowed out, all flowed out of the huge forest that had hidden them hitherto, and, upset, crossed over three bridges to the other side.
- On fera du chemin cette fois ci. Oh! quand il s "en mele lui meme ca chauffe… Nom de Dieu… Le voila!.. Vive l" Empereur! Les voila donc les Steppes de l "Asie! Vilain pays tout de meme. Au revoir, Beauche; je te reserve le plus beau palais de Moscou. Au revoir! Bonne chance… L" as tu vu, l "Empereur? Vive l" Empereur!.. preur! Si on me fait gouverneur aux Indes, Gerard, je te fais ministre du Cachemire, c "est arrete. Vive l" Empereur! Vive! vive! vive! Les gredins de Cosaques, comme ils filent. Vive l "Empereur! Le voila! Le vois tu? Je l" ai vu deux fois comme jete vois. Le petit caporal ... Je l "ai vu donner la croix a l" un des vieux ... Vive l "Empereur! here they are, Asian steppes... But a bad country. Goodbye, Boche. I'll leave you the best palace in Moscow. Goodbye, I wish you success. Have you seen the emperor? Hooray! If they make me governor in India, I will make you minister of Kashmir... Hooray! Emperor here he is! See him? I saw him twice as you. Little corporal... I saw how he hung a cross on one of the old men... Hurrah, emperor!] - said the voices of old and young people, of the most diverse characters and positions in society. all the faces of these people had one common expression of joy at the start of the long-awaited campaign and delight and devotion to the man in the gray frock coat standing on the mountain.
On June 13, Napoleon was given a small thoroughbred Arabian horse, and he sat down and galloped to one of the bridges across the Neman, constantly deafened by enthusiastic cries, which he obviously endured only because it was impossible to forbid them to express their love for him with these cries; but these cries, accompanying him everywhere, weighed him down and distracted him from the military care that had seized him from the time he joined the army. He crossed one of the bridges swaying on boats to the other side, turned sharply to the left and galloped towards Kovno, preceded by the enthusiastic guards chasseurs, who were dying of happiness, clearing the way for the troops galloping ahead of him. Having approached the wide river Viliya, he stopped near the Polish uhlan regiment, which stood on the shore.
- Vivat! - the Poles shouted enthusiastically, upsetting the front and crushing each other in order to see him. Napoleon examined the river, got off his horse and sat down on a log lying on the bank. At a wordless sign, they gave him a trumpet, he put it on the back of a happy page that ran up and began to look at the other side. Then he went deeper into examining the sheet of the map spread out between the logs. Without raising his head, he said something, and two of his adjutants galloped to the Polish uhlans.
- What? What did he say? - was heard in the ranks of the Polish lancers, when one adjutant galloped up to them.
It was ordered, having found a ford, to go to the other side. A Polish lancer colonel, a handsome old man, flushed and confused with excitement, asked the adjutant if he would be allowed to cross the river with his lancers without finding a ford. He, with obvious fear of rejection, like a boy who asks permission to mount a horse, asked to be allowed to swim across the river in the eyes of the emperor. The adjutant said that, probably, the emperor would not be dissatisfied with this excessive zeal.
As soon as the adjutant said this, an old mustachioed officer with a happy face and sparkling eyes, raising his saber, shouted: “Vivat! - and, having commanded the lancers to follow him, he gave the spurs to the horse and galloped to the river. He viciously pushed the horse that hesitated under him and thumped into the water, heading deeper into the rapids of the current. Hundreds of lancers galloped after him. It was cold and eerie in the middle and in the rapids of the current. Lancers clung to each other, fell off their horses, some horses drowned, people drowned, the rest tried to swim, some on the saddle, some holding on to the mane. They tried to swim forward to the other side and, despite the fact that there was a crossing half a verst away, they were proud that they were swimming and drowning in this river under the gaze of a man sitting on a log and not even looking at what they were doing. When the returning adjutant, having chosen a convenient moment, allowed himself to draw the emperor's attention to the devotion of the Poles to his person, a small man in a gray frock coat got up and, calling Berthier to him, began to walk up and down the shore with him, giving him orders and occasionally looking with displeasure on the drowning lancers that entertained his attention.
For him, the conviction was not new that his presence at all ends of the world, from Africa to the steppes of Muscovy, equally amazes and plunges people into the madness of self-forgetfulness. He ordered a horse to be brought to him and rode to his camp.
About forty lancers drowned in the river, despite the boats sent to help. Most washed back to this shore. The colonel and several men swam across the river and with difficulty climbed to the other side. But as soon as they got out in a wet dress slapped on them, flowing in streams, they shouted: “Vivat!”, Enthusiastically looking at the place where Napoleon stood, but where he was no longer there, and at that moment considered themselves happy.
In the evening, Napoleon, between two orders - one to deliver the prepared fake Russian banknotes for import to Russia as soon as possible, and the other to shoot a Saxon, in whose intercepted letter information about orders for the French army was found - made a third order - about the reckoning of the Polish colonel who threw himself needlessly into the river to the cohort of honor (Legion d "honneur), of which Napoleon was the head.
Qnos vult perdere - dementat. [Whom wants to destroy - deprive of reason (lat.)]

Meanwhile, the Russian emperor had already been living in Vilna for more than a month, making reviews and maneuvers. Nothing was ready for the war, which everyone expected and in preparation for which the emperor had come from Petersburg. There was no general plan of action. The hesitations as to which plan, of all those proposed, should be adopted, only increased even more after the emperor's month-long stay in the main apartment. In the three armies there was a separate commander-in-chief in each, but there was no common commander over all the armies, and the emperor did not assume this title.
The longer the emperor lived in Vilna, the less and less they prepared for war, tired of waiting for it. All the aspirations of the people surrounding the sovereign, it seemed, were aimed only at making the sovereign, while having a good time, forget about the upcoming war.
After many balls and holidays with the Polish magnates, with the courtiers and with the sovereign himself, in the month of June, one of the Polish adjutant generals of the sovereign had the idea to give dinner and a ball to the sovereign on behalf of his adjutant generals. This idea was welcomed by all. The Emperor agreed. The adjutant general collected money by subscription. The person who could be most pleasing to the sovereign was invited to be the hostess of the ball. Count Benigsen, a landowner in the Vilna province, offered his country house for this holiday, and on June 13 a dinner, a ball, boating and fireworks in Zakret were scheduled, country house Count Benigsen.
On the very day on which Napoleon gave the order to cross the Neman and his advanced troops, pushing back the Cossacks, crossed the Russian border, Alexander spent the evening at Benigsen's dacha - at a ball given by the general's adjutants.
It was a cheerful, brilliant holiday; experts in the business said that so many beauties rarely gathered in one place. Countess Bezukhova, among other Russian ladies who came for the sovereign from St. Petersburg to Vilna, was at this ball, obscuring the sophisticated Polish ladies with her heavy, so-called Russian beauty. She was noticed, and the sovereign honored her with a dance.
Boris Drubetskoy, en garcon (a bachelor), as he said, having left his wife in Moscow, was also at this ball and, although not an adjutant general, was a large participant in the subscription for the ball. Boris was now a wealthy man who had gone far in honors, no longer seeking patronage, but standing on an even footing with the highest of his peers.
At twelve o'clock in the morning they were still dancing. Helen, who did not have a worthy gentleman, herself offered the mazurka to Boris. They sat in the third pair. Boris, coolly looking at Helen's shiny bare shoulders, protruding from a dark gauze dress with gold, talked about old acquaintances and at the same time, imperceptibly to himself and others, did not stop watching the sovereign for a second, who was in the same hall. The sovereign did not dance; he stood at the door and stopped one or the other with those kind words that he alone knew how to utter.

The second largest city in the country, Khujand, is located. Along with Samarkand and Bukhara, this city was the center of culture and science Central Asia. The settlement on the site of modern Khujand was founded in the time of King Kaykubod, who ruled in the 6th century BC. The city reached its heyday under the Persian king Darius. After the conquest of Central Asia by Alexander the Great, the city was named Alexandria Extreme. By age, this city can compete with such great capitals of the world as Paris or Rome. In 1986 Khujand celebrated its 2500th anniversary.

Today Khujand is the largest industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of Tajikistan. The city has the largest silk factory in the republic. In addition, the Khujand State University, in which more than 10,000 students study not only from Tajikistan, but also from neighboring countries.

Ancient Khujand is preferred by true connoisseurs of the history and culture of Central Asia.

Region	Tajikistan
Population	182,000 people (as of 2012)
	7th-6th centuries BC e.
Population density	63.8 people/km2
Timezone
Postal code
International dialing code

Climate and weather

The formation of the climate of Khujand is greatly influenced by the South Caspian, Upper Amu Darya and Murgab cyclones, which determine the change of weather, its nature and amount of precipitation.

The average air temperature in Khujand is about +16 °C. In summer, the air warms up to +30 ° C, and in winter the thermometer can drop to 0 ... -2 ° C. The average annual rainfall is approximately 150 mm. Interestingly, there is uneven rainfall throughout the year. Most often, precipitation occurs in March and April, and summers in Khujand are usually dry.

The best time to visit the magnificent Khujand is called April - June, when the air temperature takes on optimal values ​​​​for adaptation, and rare and short rains do not interfere with enjoying your vacation.

Nature

The majestic Khujand is located on the picturesque banks of the Syrdarya River. By the way, Khujand is the only city in Tajikistan, which is located on a large river. Ferghana Valley, where the city is located, is famous for its unique nature. From Khujand you can see the majestic mountains, and the serene waters of the Syr Darya, and abundantly flowering meadows near the city, and fertile vineyards. The city itself resembles an evergreen garden, thanks to the numerous parks and squares that save the townspeople from the sweltering heat in summer.

The meadows of the Ferghana Valley are covered with fragrant poppies, edelweiss and wild irises. Small rodents and marmots live here, which become prey for birds of prey (eagles, falcons). The waters of the Syrdarya River are rich in fish. Among the species common here are catfish, trout, marinka, grass carp.

Attractions

Ancient Khujand impresses with a huge number of well-preserved historical sights. Draws the most attention Khujand fortress, which was considered the main component of the fortification complex of the city. The foundation date of the fortress is considered to be the 5th century BC. The development of the economy and trade led to the growth of the city. And already in the Middle Ages, the Khujand fortress was considered the most fortified in all of Central Asia. However, after the invasion of Genghis Khan and his troops, the most important defensive structure of Khujand was destroyed. According to historians, already at the end of the 15th century, the Khujand fortress was restored and used as the residence of local rulers.

For many Muslim pilgrims, the main attraction in the city is mosque Masjizhi Jami, built in 1512-1513. The unique tiled cladding of the facade, complemented by unique carved panels, catches the eye.

From architectural monuments well preserved medieval Mausoleum of Sheikh Muslihiddin, which locals consider the saint and spiritual patron of the city.

On Square Stars of Khujand located monument to the great poet of Tajikistan Kamol Khujandi, installed in 1996 in honor of the 675th anniversary of his birth.

You can get acquainted with the rich history and culture of ancient Khujand in the city museum, which presents an extensive exposition of rare artifacts found in the city.

Nutrition

All tourists coming to Khujand can fully enjoy the unique cuisine of Tajikistan. The most popular catering establishments not only among foreign guests of the city, but also among local residents are the teahouse " Kamoli Khujandi", restaurant " Zaytun» and cafe « Khoni Khujand". Here on the menu are the most famous Tajik dishes, such as k abob, ugro-pilaf, barbecue, cabbage rolls, kaurdak. In addition to popular meat dishes in Khujand, locals are very fond of fish dishes. They give their preference to fried or baked trout.

Of course, no feast is complete without traditional Tajik pastries. In city restaurants, you can not only enjoy the great taste of brushwood, sambusa and various flatbreads, but also see the cooking process itself. Many tourists are indescribably delighted with such an entertaining spectacle.

Some foreign guests of Khujand will be very surprised when the dessert they ordered is brought not at the end of the meal, but at its very beginning. For the city, and for Tajikistan as a whole, this is a tradition. The locals are accustomed to consuming fruits, drinks and sweets both before and after meals. The most popular sweet in Khujand is halva. As a rule, only foreigners order it in restaurants. Local residents have already learned how to cook it at home.

Of course, in all restaurants and cafes of the city you can try the famous Tajik green tea seasoned with milk, butter and salt. It is worth noting that foreign guests do not dare to drink such an exotic drink. They are limited to the usual tea, brewed in clean water.

Prices in Khujand restaurants will pleasantly surprise you. In a small mid-range cafe, a hearty lunch will cost only $6. And for dinner, along with alcohol in a restaurant of a higher class, you will have to pay from $10 to $15.

Accommodation

In hospitable Khujand there are quite wide choose hotels and inns where foreign citizens can stay. True, you will not find high-class five-star hotels here. Many guests of the city decide to stay in hotels " Tawhid», « Watan" And SUGD. These hotels in terms of service level and quality of services provided correspond to 4 "stars". It offers guests spacious rooms with a set of furniture and appliances necessary for a comfortable stay. Each room has a separate bathroom, a set of upholstered furniture, TV, air conditioning. The cost of living in such hotels ranges from $100 to $150 per day.

Great popularity among foreign tourists enjoy quite comfortable hostels and guesthouses. Rooms in such establishments look somewhat more modest than in previous hotels, but the cost of living in these hotels is much lower - from $30 to $50 per day. It is worth noting that before arriving in Khujand, you need to find out in advance about the availability of cold water in the hotels of the city, as well as about the possibility of heating it. Many hotels cannot provide guests with tap water, and there is nothing to say about the presence of a boiler.

Entertainment and recreation

The main type of entertainment in Khujand, many tourists who have been there, call visiting the ancient structures and buildings of the city. In addition to historical sites, travel companies Khujand offers its customers several types of active tours. Near Khujand is the famous Kairakkum reservoir, or the Tajik Sea, as the locals call it. Here you can go windsurfing, take a boat trip and a rowing boat. Many tourists are attracted by the rich fishing in the reservoir. Trout and catfish are considered the most honorable trophy here.

Near Khujand is located Ak-Su district, which is considered one of the most favorite places for climbers in all of Tajikistan.

Young people coming to the amazing Khujand will be pleasantly surprised by the large number of nightlife in the city, many of which are open until the morning. Here you can have a great time in restaurants, cafes, night bars and clubs.

Purchases

One of the main attractions of Khujand is the famous city bazaar " panchshanbe”, which is one of the largest covered markets in Central Asia. The name of the market is translated as "Thursday". It is on this day, like many centuries ago, that a lot of trade is carried out. Only in this bazaar you can feel the whole flavor of city life in Tajikistan. "Panchshanbe" attracts visitors with its colorful, unusual smells, an abundance of various vegetables and fruits that are sold all year round.

In addition, here you can buy such popular Tajik souvenirs as silk products, shawls, scarves, embroidery, and textiles. Traditionally, many tourists prefer luxurious carpets embroidered with silk, as well as items of national clothing (skullcaps, wadded robes, belts and dresses). Warm products made from the wool of Pamir yaks can be purchased both at the bazaar and in a specialized store in the city center. Of course, no real woman will pass by the original multi-tiered Tajik jewelry. Earrings, necklaces and bracelets are among the most sold souvenirs. It is worth noting that all these souvenirs can be purchased not only at the Panchshanbe bazaar, but also in small trade tents scattered throughout the city.

Transport

Public transport in Khujand is represented only by minibuses. More recently, numerous bus and trolleybus routes have been abolished due to severe deterioration of rolling stock and very frequent power outages. The cost of a trip in a fixed-route taxi does not exceed $ 0.3, and a huge number of organized routes cover the entire city.

Foreigners prefer to use private taxis. The cost of one trip in a taxi is slightly higher than the price of tickets in public transport however, the level of comfort is much higher. In Khujand, you can rent a car with a driver who will be at your disposal all day for only $50.

Since Khujand is a large industrial center of Tajikistan, a railway was built here. It is worth noting that international Passenger Transportation to Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

Near Khujand, only 11 kilometers away, there is a large Khujand airport, which received international status. Flights to the cities of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and other countries of the world are operated by the state company Tajik Airlines. In addition to international flights, the company also provides domestic flights.

Connection

The communication system in Khujand today is rather poorly developed. Since Soviet times, old payphones have remained on the streets of the city, from which you can call another city in Tajikistan. To make an international call, you must contact the post office. The cost of one minute of such a call will cost about $ 1 if the conversation is organized with Asian countries or with the USA. But for a call to the CIS countries, you can pay only $ 0.3 per minute.

Recently, it has become very popular among the local population. cellular. True, the cost of services of mobile operators in the city is quite expensive. Minute of conversation mobile phone exceeds $ 0.4, and the connection itself will cost about $ 20.

There are several large Internet cafes in Khujand that provide almost all existing network services. Interestingly, you can use the services of the World Wide Web for only $ 1 per hour. Large hotels and hotels of the city also provide the opportunity to work with the Internet.

Safety

The level of security in Khujand allows guests to feel calm and confident on the streets of the city. Serious offenses in the city are practically not fixed. And yet, local law enforcement agencies strongly recommend not to go out on the streets of the city at night alone. In addition, the level of pickpocketing has recently increased. Therefore, when visiting places large cluster people it is advisable to leave valuables and large sums of money in the hotel.

Khujand doctors advise boiling tap water before drinking. This warning is connected with the frequent cases of cholera and dysentery. For the same reason, be sure to thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits purchased at local bazaars and stores.

Some compulsory vaccinations are required to enter Khujand, as the area has high incidences of hepatitis A and E, cholera and diphtheria.

Business climate

The large industrial center of Khujand is of great interest to foreign investors. Many businessmen see a lot of objects in the city that require significant investments. It can be both industrial enterprises and elements tourism infrastructure, which has become the object of close attention recently, when the interest of foreign tourists in the cultural and historical sights of Khujand has sharply increased. It is worth noting that the amendments to the legislative acts recently adopted by the Parliament greatly simplify the opening of joint ventures in the country. In addition, tax rates for investors investing in the city's industry have been significantly reduced.

Real estate

lucky geographical position, mild climate, rich history, a huge number of cultural attractions make Khujand real estate very attractive for purchase foreign citizens. Fortunately, in Tajikistan there are no special restrictions on the sale of housing to foreign residents. True, the cost of real estate in Khujand for citizens of other countries is significantly different from that at which the sale is carried out to local residents. For example, to purchase a small apartment, you will have to prepare about $ 50,000. And housing in the suburbs of Khujand will cost about $35,000.

Today there is a great demand for apartments in the rental housing market. In order to rent an apartment in Khujand for one month, you need to prepare about $500.

A safe and exciting holiday in Khujand requires foreign tourists to follow several important rules. As in any Muslim city, in Khujand it is necessary to adhere to the basic norms of morality. Public expressions of feelings, kisses, inappropriate clothing will cause disapproval among the local population.

Buying souvenirs in Khujand should be accompanied by bargaining. The locals are very fond of this process. They are even ready to provide significant discounts on their product to those who will zealously bargain. It should be noted that the payment for the purchase is carried out only in the national currency - somoni. It is necessary to exchange foreign money in state exchange offices or in a bank branch. Be sure to remember that you can export minerals, precious stones, gold abroad only after obtaining a special permit and mandatory declaration. It is absolutely impossible to export somoni.

In every city of Tajikistan, including Khujand, it is necessary to register after arrival. Registration is carried out directly at the hotel. It is worth noting that most hotels produce it for a fee: for registration required documents you will be asked for $15.

Khujand (sometimes transliterated as Khojent, Khujand) is an ancient city in the northern part of Tajikistan, the administrative center of the Sughd region (formerly called Leninabad), in Soviet times from 1936 to 1991. called Leninabad. The second largest city in Tajikistan after Dushanbe, the most important transport hub, as well as the political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country.

The history of the city goes back to ancient times. Modern historical science believes that the archaic Khujand existed during the Achaemenid dynasty, that is, before the arrival of the troops of Alexander the Great to the banks of the Syr Darya. Having captured the city, they fortified it, calling Alexandria Eskhata (Extreme).

In subsequent periods, Khujand more than once had to find itself in the center of historical events. In the 8th century it was captured by the Arabs, in the XIII century. the city offered fierce resistance to the Mongol invaders, temporarily delaying the advance of the hordes of Genghis Khan to the west.

Since ancient times, Khujand, being at the crossroads of trade routes of the East, has been one of the most important economic, military-strategic and cultural centers of Maverannahr. The Great Silk Road passed through it, connecting ancient Greece, Rome, Asia Minor, Egypt, Iran with India, China and Japan. Khujand was the birthplace of famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is Abumahmud Khujandi, the founder of the local astronomical school, an outstanding authority in world science. "The nightingale of Khujand" was called in the XIV century Kamoli Khujandi - the author of the famous gazelles. Equally popular in the Middle Ages was the outstanding poetess, musician and dancer Mahasti. In the 19th century, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, Khoji Yusuf were actively engaged in educational work in Khujand.

May 24, 1866 the city was occupied by the Russian army and became part of Russian Empire. The entry into the empire of the center of a densely populated district, which had rich economic resources, the most important road junction between the Fergana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a major trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of Khujand. In July 1916, Khujand was the first among the cities of Central Asia to openly oppose the colonial policy of tsarism, which tried to attract Tajiks, among other peoples of the region, to participate in the First World War (the Central Asian uprising of 1916).

At the beginning of 1918, Soviet power was established in the city, on October 2, 1929, it was included in the Tajik SSR. During the years of Soviet construction in the city that now bore the name of Leninabad, tremendous changes took place in all areas of economic, social and cultural life. In the post-war period, Khujand became the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The industry of the city has become diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology. The pride of the people of Khujand was one of the largest enterprises of the republic - a silk factory. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in Khujand produced the same amount of industrial output in a day as in all of pre-revolutionary Tajikistan in a year. The industrial products of the Khujand people were known far beyond the borders of our Motherland. Only the fabrics of the silk factory were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries. Since the 60s, Khujand has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges over it. During the years of Soviet power, fundamental changes have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in Khujand, in which about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical qualifications worked. education. Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991 there were 30 schools in Khujand with about 30,000 students.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened in Khujand, where there were only 26 students. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 13 faculties of this university, which was transformed into Khujand State University in 1991. During the post-war decades, literature and art reached a new flowering in Khujand, a whole galaxy of poets and writers, artists and composers, craftsmen grew up. Khujand became more and more beautiful, took on the appearance of a large, industrialized city. In 1986, he celebrated his anniversary - the 2500th anniversary of its founding. In connection with this Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

The role and weight of ancient Khujand increased even more during the period of sovereign development of Tajikistan. It was here that the most important step was taken towards ending the fratricidal war and achieving national accord on Tajik soil: the XVI session of the Supreme Council, held in Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and nominated a new leader, E. Sh. Rakhmonov, to the political arena .

Khujand majestically spreads out in the picturesque floodplain of the Syrdarya River at an altitude of more than three hundred meters above sea level. Today Khujand is the largest industrial and cultural center of Northern Tajikistan and the second largest city in the republic. Truly gracious geographical location and climatic conditions of Khujand. Therefore, the Ferghana Valley, where it is located, is considered the pearl of Central Asia: the mountain landscape, the ever-flowing waters of the Syr Darya, clean air, green attire, an abundance of grapes, fruits and other gifts of nature make Khujand an eternally young garden city. Khujand is the administrative center of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, the second city in the republic in terms of the number of inhabitants and the volume of industrial production. It is located in the intermountain passage leading to the Ferghana Valley, on the most important caravan trade route of Antiquity. The Syrdarya River flows through the city. From the city center to the railway. station - 11 km, to Dushanbe - 341 km. Khujand is connected by railways, air and automobile routes.

Monument to Kamol Khujandi
Installed in 1996 in honor of the 675th anniversary of the poet's birth. Located on the square "Stars of Khujand". The main idea is to convey his image as a thinker, philosopher and show his inner world. Against the background are depicted wings that personify the holiness of man and at the same time designate the wings of inspiration of poetry. The poet's face is turned to the place of his birth and towards the sunset. The height of the seated figure is 3.5 m, the height of the wings is 5.5 m. The area occupied by the monument is 1000 sq. m. m. In order to create the image of a strong man, spiritually rich, who has traveled a lot, the sculpture was deliberately created barefoot, as there are canons of sculpture about the beauty of the human body. Author artist sculptor K. N. Nadyrov. A similar monument of the same author was erected in 1997 in Tabriz at the burial place of the poet.

Khujand fortress
An integral part of the fortification system of the city. Founded in the VI-V centuries. BC e. According to the data obtained by the North-Tajik Archaeological Complex Expedition (STAKE), the Khujand fortress was first surrounded by an artificial rampart, later by a wall of considerable thickness made of mud. The city and the citadel, the components of ancient Khujand, had separate fortress walls surrounded by a wide and deep moat filled with water. The remains of these fortifications were found under the central part of the left-bank Khujand and surround the territory of the ancient city with an area of ​​20 hectares.

With the development of the economy, trade, system of government and population, the city grows. In the VI-VII centuries a new fortress was built. Medieval Khujand consisted of three main parts: the citadel, shakhristan and rabad. The citadel was located on the banks of the Syr Darya at the gates of the rabad. The medieval Khujand fortress was considered one of the most fortified in Central Asia.

During the invasion of Genghis Khan (1219-1220), a 25,000-strong army with 50,000 Central Asian captives was sent to besiege the city. The heroic defense of the Khujand fortress and the nearby island on the Syr Darya under the leadership of Timurmalik is one of the brightest pages in the history of the liberation struggle of the Tajik people. As a result of the Mongol invasion, the Khujand fortress was destroyed. According to the historian Hofiz Abru, at the beginning of the 15th century the fortress lay in ruins. According to Zahiriddin Babur, already at the end of the 15th century, the fortress was restored and was the residence of the local ruler.

Mosque Masjidi Jami
The complex of Sheikh Muslihiddin, a monument of folk architecture of the 16th century. Located on the western side of Panjshanbe Square. The facade of the building faces the street. Shark. The mosque was built in 1512-1513. A multi-column (30 columns) aivan adjoins the eastern wall of the winter hall, also multi-column (20 columns), and enters the courtyard of the mosque. A long line faces Shark Street. south wall mosques without any openings. Only on the right, on the edge of the wall, is the entrance device of the darvoz-khon with a deep peshtak - a portal. The layout of the columns in the mosque is subject to a modular grid: six rows of four columns (30 modular squares) are repeated on the iwan, and five rows of four columns in the winter room. Two middle columns northern facade iwans are decorated with carvings to the full height and carry an elevated part of the architrave with massive typesetting stalactites that have preserved the remains of painting. At the entrance and above the mihrab, three plank squares of the ceiling are painted, but the colors have become very dark and partly crumbled. The walls are covered with good carved decor, mostly geometric motifs. Both doors of the winter hall are distinguished by fine, elegant carvings. Structurally, the building is framed with raw filling and subsequent plastering with stucco mortar. The gaps between the frame are used to create niches at the mihrab both in the winter hall and on the aivan. The roof of the mosque is flat earthen with clay-adobe coating. The foundation on which the walls of the building stand is made of burnt bricks. The courtyard of the mosque from the east and partly from the north is limited by one-story hujras. In the north-eastern part of the courtyard there is a minaret with a traditional lantern decorated with arched openings, from where a beautiful panorama of the city opens. Entrance portal facing the street. Shark, is distinguished by tiled cladding and carved ganch panels on the facade. The high portal represents only the front decorative wall made of baked bricks, supplemented on the north side with two-story adobe buildings with a wooden aivan at the top. The carved portal gates were made in 1513-1514. Mullah Mansur (painting), usto Shamsidtsin (ganch carving) and others took part in the decoration of the mosque. The mosque, in general, has a surprisingly harmonious image and is a magnificent example of the synthesis of decorative art and the building culture of Khujand.