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✪ Cyprus - the island of Aphrodite

✪ Cyprus - Orthodox Island

✪ History of Cyprus. History of Cyprus.

✪ Cyprus is the sunniest and most popular island!

✪ Cyprus in May: a trip around the island by car

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Geography

The island stretches for 240 km from east to west, and reaches a width of 100 km from north to south. Area - 9251 km².

Relief

Most of the island is occupied by mountains. Along the northern coast in the latitudinal direction stretches Mountain chain Kyrenia. Its width in the western part is 15 km, to the east it expands to 25-30 km. The western part of the Kyrenia range is higher; individual peaks exceed 1 thousand meters. high point ridge - Mount Akromanda (1023 m). The southwestern half of the island is occupied by the wide Troodos mountain range, cut by longitudinal river valleys. Its northern part is the highest, here is also the highest point of Cyprus - Mount Olymbos (1952 m).

Climate

Average temperatures in Cyprus:

Flora and fauna

The fauna of Cyprus is not distinguished by its richness and diversity of species. Of the rare animals of the island, the endemic Cypriot mountain sheep, the mouflon, living in the Troodos mountains and in the wooded area of ​​Paphos, is especially interesting. In recent years, hunting for it has been banned by the government. Foxes and hares are found in the forest zone of the mountains. On the lowlands along the coast and on the slopes of the mountains there are many various kinds lizards, turtles and snakes. There are especially many of them in the ruins of ancient cities - Salamis, Paphos, etc. Chameleon is found in forest thickets near the coast. There are many amphibians in Cyprus, especially tree frogs.

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Story

The first traces of civilization in Cyprus date back to the Neolithic period, around 8000 BC. e., and are over 9,000 years old. There are traces of the Stone Age, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age up to the end of the second millennium BC on the island. e. An important stage in the history of Cyprus is the settlement of the island by ancient Greek colonists in the XII-XI centuries BC. e., about 3000 years ago after the end of the period of the Trojan Wars.
This is what determined the cultural face of the island. During this period, the Greek language, art, religion and traditions were introduced. In addition, cities were founded that exist to this day.
In ancient times, Cyprus was famous for its copper ore deposits and forests. This is what made it the object of aspirations of the powerful states of the Mediterranean.
The Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians alternately captured the island and owned it, until it was destroyed in 333 BC. e. did not conquer Alexander Macedonian.
The disciple of Ptolemy, the philosopher Zenon of Kition, who founded the philosophical school of Stoicism in Athens, glorified Cyprus.

Since 1964, a contingent of UN peacekeeping forces in Cyprus has been stationed on the island, which currently numbers 1,216 troops. UN peacekeeping forces arrived after inter-communal armed clashes broke out in December 1963, and Turkey threatened to intervene. Given that there is a 35,000-strong Turkish army in the occupied northern part of the island, the main task of the peacekeepers is to control the buffer zone and ensure that the ceasefire is not violated.

According to the 2006 census, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has a population of 265,100.

Religion

The majority of the population of Cyprus are ethnic Greeks who practice Orthodox Christianity and ethnic Turks who practice Islam.

Between the Greek and Turkish sectors is the UN buffer zone, which is also a de facto exclave.

Politic system

After gaining independence, the Republic of Cyprus became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement, despite the fact that all three guarantor powers (Britain, Greece and Turkey) were members of NATO. In 2004, Cyprus withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement in order to join the European Union, but retained a special observer status in this organization.

The Republic of Cyprus adheres to the policy of non-alignment, and is not part of NATO.

The Turkish sector is indicated on the maps of the Republic of Cyprus as "territory inaccessible due to Turkish occupation", the same on the map of the northern part of the city of Nicosia. The names of the cities of Northern Cyprus are given as of 1974, there are no road signs for these cities.

Real estate located in Northern Cyprus, and owned until 1974 by ethnic Greeks, continues to be considered their property. The purchase of such property may be considered legal in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, but the authorities of the Greek sector may regard such a move as buying stolen goods.

Formally, 98% of the island's territory is under the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, minus the British military bases. De facto, 38% of the territory is occupied by the partially recognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Movement between the two parts of the island is free, with a visa of the Republic of Cyprus. A visa of the partially recognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is issued upon entry. Insurance may not cover Turkish territory.

When returning from the northern part of the island, a customs inspection may be carried out. Since prices in Turkish territory are significantly lower, the import of goods from it is limited.

The Republic of Cyprus may refuse entry to persons who have a stamp in their passport confirming that they have visited the Republic of Macedonia. This fact is connected with the dispute of this state with Greece about its name.

Diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union of the Republic of Cyprus were established in August 1960. On April 7, 1992, the Republic of Cyprus recognized the Russian Federation as the legal successor of the USSR. The Russian Embassy is located in the city of Nicosia.

Persons with a visitor visa are prohibited from working. A work permit must be obtained prior to arrival in the Republic of Cyprus.

Island unification referendum

In April 2004, referendums were held in both Cypriot republics on unification into a single state. The proposed plan for the unification of the island was named after its author, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. 65% of the citizens of the TRNC who participated in the referendum supported the Annan plan, 75% of the Greek Cypriots rejected the plan.

Economy

Advantages: tourism provides 20% of GDP. Industry and services for neighboring Eastern countries developed banking sector. Member of the EU.

Weak sides: the demand for stricter control and action against capital and tax leakages. limited liberalization. There is no foreign investment in Northern Cyprus.

The economy of Cyprus is strongly influenced by the division of the island into the Greek sector (Republic of Cyprus) and Turkish (partially recognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus).

The Greek sector economy experienced a speculative boom associated with offshore capital inflows between 1990-2008, but is highly dependent on external risks. Growth rates in the 1990s reflect the island's dependence on fluctuating tourist numbers and changing economic conditions in Western Europe. In January 2008, the Republic of Cyprus entered the eurozone, and its monetary policy is dictated by the European Central Bank, which reduced the republic's competitiveness in world markets and ultimately brought the country to the brink of a financial and economic crisis in 2012-2013. As a result of the crisis unrest prices for residential real estate have dropped significantly. So in the municipal residential sector, the cost of housing ranges from 400 euros per square meter of construction. In the private sector, the cost of land per hundred square meters varies on average from 1,700 to 50,000 euros.

The Turkish sector represents one fifth of the population and one tenth of the GNP compared to the Greek part of the island. Due to the fact that it is recognized only by Turkey among the UN member states, Northern Cyprus has difficulties with international financing, and foreign firms usually avoid investing in it. Half of the labor force is employed in agriculture, government and military service. In the turnover of the northern part of the island is the Turkish lira. Türkiye also provides direct and indirect assistance to tourism, education, industry and more.

In the Turkish sector, there is a problem of water supply, the construction of desalination stations is planned.

Transport

Three in Cyprus international airports, two are located on the Greek part of the island in Paphos (16 km from the city) and Larnaca (2 km from the city). There is also a full-fledged operating airport in Nicosia - Ercan (Ercan), All flights to Northern Cyprus pass through the territory of Turkey. The main airline serving the Greek part of the island, Cyprus Airways, ceased to exist in 2015.

Larnaca Airport was opened in 1975, after the forced closure of the airport in Nicosia, and is partially located on the territory previously used by Britain as a military base.

Large seaports, after the closure of Famagusta, are Limassol and Larnaca.

Tourism

The tourism industry is one of the main items of national income. It is the responsibility of the Cyprus Tourist Organization (CTO). A significant part of the population works in this sector, and the profit brought by tourism is the main source of foreign currency inflow to the budget of the republic. Over the last 4 years [ which?] the number of tourists visiting Cyprus increased by 29%, and income from tourism - by 40%.

According to ancient Greek legend, it was on the island of Cyprus that the Olympian goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, was born. Tourists who have visited Cyprus will understand why Aphrodite chose this particular island to get out of the sea. Tourists in Cyprus are waiting for numerous ancient Greek and Roman historical monuments, ski resorts on Mount Olympus, excellent beach resorts with wide sandy and pebble-sandy beaches, the gentle warm Mediterranean Sea, delicious cuisine and, of course, hospitable locals.

Geography of Cyprus

The Republic of Cyprus occupies most of the territory of the island of Cyprus, which is located in the Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean. total area Republic of Cyprus - 9,250 sq. km. In the north of the island is the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Most of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as the entire island of the same name, is occupied by mountains. To the southwest is the Troodas mountain range, and to the north is the Kyrenia mountain range.

On the territory of the Republic of Cyprus there is the highest point of the entire island - Mount Olympus, whose height reaches 1,952 m.

Capital

The capital of the Republic of Cyprus is Nicosia, which is now home to about 350 thousand people. Nicosia is believed by archaeologists to have been founded by the ancient Greeks around the 9th century BC.

Official language

The official language in the Republic of Cyprus is Greek, which belongs to the Indo-European languages.

Religion

The majority of the population of the Republic of Cyprus are Orthodox Christians, but there are also Muslims.

State structure of Cyprus

The head of the Republic of Cyprus is the President, elected by popular vote for a 5-year term. Executive power belongs to the government, and legislative power belongs to the House of Representatives (56 deputies).

Main political parties in the Republic of Cyprus - the Progressive Party of the Working People, the Democratic Party, the Movement of Social Democrats and the Democratic Assembly.

Climate and weather

The climate on the island of Cyprus is typically Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and mild, not very cold winters. In July and August, the average air temperature ranges from +29C in the central plains to +22C in the Troodos mountains. In January, the average air temperature in the central plains is +10C and +3C in the Troodos mountains. The average annual precipitation is about 480 mm (only 5% of the total precipitation falls in summer).

Average air temperature in Nicosia:

January – +12C
- February - +13С
- March - +16C
- April - +21C
- May - +27C
- June - +30С
- July - +33C
- August - +32C
- September - +29С
- October - +24С
- November - +18C
- December - +14С

Sea in Cyprus

The island of Cyprus is washed on all sides by the Mediterranean Sea. Near the coast, the sea temperature in February ranges from +15C to +17C, and in August - from +23C to +28C.

Average sea temperature near Limassol:

January - +17.7C
- February - +16.6C
- March - +16.4C
- April - +17.6C
- May - +19.2C
- June - +23C
- July - +25.5С
- August - +25.5С
- September - +28.8С
- October - +24.2C
- November - +22C
- December - +19.5С

Rivers and lakes

Most of the rivers in Cyprus originate in the Troodos mountains, but they are dependent on rainfall. This means that most of the rivers in Cyprus only have water for 3-4 months of the year. Only some rivers are full of water all year round (Xeros, Diarizos, Kargotis, Marathasa, Kouris and Germasogeia).

There are no freshwater lakes on the island of Cyprus, but there are 5 lakes with salt water.

History of Cyprus

People on the territory of the island of Cyprus lived already 9 thousand years ago. At the beginning and middle bronze age(2300-1600 BC) there were already cities in Cyprus that were active in trade.

For a long time Cyprus was under the rule of the Persian Empire, and then ancient rome. In 58 BC Cyprus became a province of Ancient Rome. The Romans ruled Cyprus for almost 400 years. After the collapse of Ancient Rome, the island of Cyprus in 395 AD. was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire.

Cyprus was ruled by the Republic of Venice from 1489 to 1571 and then by the Ottoman Empire from 1571 to 1878.

In 1878, Cyprus came under British control. Only in 1959 Cyprus gained independence from the British.

In 1974, the Turkish armed forces landed in Cyprus and occupied about 40% of the island. Now in the north of the island is the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is not recognized by the world community, and on the other side of the island - the Republic of Cyprus.

In 2004, the Republic of Cyprus became a member of the European Union.

culture

Cypriots are very proud of their cultural heritage, which is already about 9 thousand years old. The tradition and culture of the people of Cyprus is best reflected in holidays and folk rituals.

Many folk holidays and traditions (for example, the Carnival and the Festival of the Flood) have their roots in antiquity. Carnival is celebrated by Cypriots 50 days before Easter. The largest Carnival events take place in Larnaca, culminating in the procession of people to the sea, where they pour water on each other. The meaning of this tradition has been lost for centuries. It is possible that the Greeks once celebrated the birth of Aphrodite from the foam of the sea.

The most important religious holiday in the Republic of Cyprus is Easter. As we have already said, Cypriots begin to celebrate Easter already 50 days before it starts.

Every spring, in May, Cypriots celebrate "Anthestiria" - a flower festival. Its traditions date back to Ancient Greece. Traditionally, Anthestiria is celebrated at the end of May.

Every September, Limassol hosts the Wine Festival, in honor of the vine, which is honored by the Cypriots. Without a doubt, 10 days of this holiday could be approved by Dionysus himself.

Kitchen

The cuisine of the Republic of Cyprus strongly resembles Greek (in Northern Cyprus, the cuisine has Turkish roots), but it is very strongly influenced by Venetian (Italian), French, Turkish, Middle Eastern (Arabic) culinary traditions. Traditional products are fish and seafood, meat, cheese (halloumi), vegetables, spices.

Be sure to try the following dishes in Cyprus:

Souvlaki - grilled pork or poultry;
- moussaka - minced meat baked with vegetables;
- stifado - beef baked with onions;
- tavva - minced meat wrapped in grape leaves;
- kleftiko - lamb baked with potatoes.

Cyprus is famous for its centuries-old winemaking tradition. The most famous local wine is Commandaria, which refers to Cahors.

Attractions

The Republic of Cyprus has preserved a large number of historical and archaeological monuments of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and the Middle Ages. Some of them are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. In addition, nine churches of Cyprus are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Several hundred monuments of archeology and history are located on the territory of Northern Cyprus, where the Turkish administration operates. The top ten attractions in the Republic of Cyprus, in our opinion, include the following:

Cities and resorts

Most big cities in the Republic of Cyprus - Famagusta, Larnaca, Paphos, Limassol, and, of course, Nicosia.

The Republic of Cyprus has several excellent beach resorts. The most popular of them are Ayia Napa, Paphos, Larnaca, Protaras and Limassol. The swimming season in Cyprus starts in April and lasts until November.

Most of the beaches in Cyprus are wide, sandy, there are numerous fish restaurants, taverns, bars, shops. The beaches have good conditions for activities water sports sports.

Do not forget, when relaxing in Cyprus, to visit the following 10 best local beaches:

1. Coral Bay in Paphos
2. Aphrodite Beach near Limassol
3. Ladies" Mile near Limassol
4. Phinikoudes Beach in Larnaca
5. Nissi Beach in Ayia Napa
6. Curium Beach near Limassol
7. Macronissus Beach in Ayia Napa
8. Fig Tree Bay in Protaras
9. Alagadi Beach near Kyrenia
10. Kervansaray Beach in Kyrenia

Thanks to natural conditions in the Republic of Cyprus there are good opportunities for skiing. So, ski resort Troodos welcomes ski lovers from mid-December to the end of March. Agree, it is tempting to ride on Mount Olympus, on which, according to ancient Greek myths, the gods live.

Souvenirs/Shopping

Tourists from the Republic of Cyprus bring folk art, ceramics (including amphoras), figurines of Aphrodite, cheese, orange marmalade, honey, Cypriot wine, ouzo.

Office Hours

Population

After the separation, the vast majority of Greek Cypriots live in the south, while Turkish Cypriots live in the north. total population is about 790 thousand people, of which 160 thousand are Turks. Also in Cyprus live 17 thousand British, at least 40 thousand Russians (according to the ambassador Russian Federation), 4 thousand Armenians. After the 1974 war, about 180,000 Greek Cypriots fled or were forcibly resettled south. About 42,000 Turks moved north. And only in the city of Pyla, Larnaca district, under a UN-appointed administration, both groups of the population live. The number of the population under the control of the Republic of Cyprus, according to the end of 2011, reached 838.897 inhabitants, many of whom (21.4%) are foreign citizens.

Religion

The majority of the population of Cyprus - ethnic Greeks - professes Orthodox Christianity, ethnic Turks - Islam.

Story

The prehistoric period of Cyprus begins with the appearance on the island of the first traces of man, dating, according to the latest data, to the 10th millennium BC, and ends at the turn of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, with the beginning of socio-political processes that led to the creation of the Cypriot kingdoms in the historical period. The history of Cyprus starts from the Neolithic era, in contrast to Greece, where the remains of a human presence from the Paleolithic period have been found. Cyprus has always been an integral part of Hellenism. Hellenistic culture reached the island immediately after the Trojan War, when the Achaeans landed on the island and assimilated the autochthons, the so-called "eteocypriots". Since then, the island has been inhabited by Greeks.

The favorable strategic position of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea contributed to the fact that during its history it changed hands more than once, remaining on the periphery of various empires. In 58, the province of Cyprus was formed. Becoming part of Byzantium in 395, the Theme of Cyprus was created in 965, in 1191 it was captured by the crusading troops of Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade, becoming the Kingdom of Cyprus. Already in the island was transferred to the French crusader Guy de Lusignan, who founded the Lusignan dynasty in the Cypriot kingdom.

The main attraction in the north of the island is Famagusta with the medieval Tower of Othello, and the "ghost town" (Varosha quarter). Geographical proximity to a number of Mediterranean countries allows for sea cruises for tourists to Egypt, Israel, the island of Rhodes or Jordan.

Cruise ships depart from the seaports of Larnaca and Limassol, and correspond to 3-5 star hotels. The cruise time is usually about two days. Upon arrival in Israel, citizens of the Russian Federation are subject to a visa-free regime.

When renting cars, Russian citizens accept standard driving licenses, international driving licenses are not required. An age limit may be put forward, depending on the car rental company.

Cars rented to tourists have red numbers that begin with the letter Z. It should be remembered that traffic in Cyprus is on the left. In this case, the “interference on the right” rule applies, as in right-hand traffic. All drivers must give way to pedestrians moving along the pedestrian crossing. In cities such as Nicosia, Larnaca, etc., you can get stuck in traffic jams; there may also be difficulties with free parking.

In addition to left-hand traffic, the power supply standard belongs to the British heritage - three-pin sockets (one of them is grounding, an analogue of the side contact of the euro plug), but not 230 V, as in the UK, but 240 V.

The local population traditionally adheres to Orthodox Christianity. There are a large number of Orthodox churches on the island, and there are many Orthodox icons for sale. Among the attractions of Cyprus are Orthodox shrines, such as the tomb of St. Lazarus in Larnaca.

Many shops and banks on the island are closed on Wednesday and Saturday, and on working days - only 8:00-13:00 and 15:00-17:30 on winter time, 16:00-19:00 in summer.

There is some tension between the two communities. When communicating with Greek Cypriots, it is not recommended to mention the Turkish occupation of the northern part of the island. A particularly painful topic is the "ghost town" of Varosha.

Photographing the border zone between the Greek and Turkish sectors, military personnel and military installations is prohibited.

Among the ethnic Greeks in Cyprus live Pontic Greek repatriates from the former USSR.

Currency

Coins were introduced in ¼, ½ and 1 piastres. A coin of a quarter piastres was called by the Greek Cypriots decara (from deka - “ten”), since it was equal to ten para, ½ piastres - ikosara (“ikosi” - twenty). Coins were also issued in 3, 4½, 9, 18 piastres, 1 and 2 shillings.

Politic system

After gaining independence, Cyprus became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, despite the fact that all three guarantor powers (Britain, Greece and Turkey) were members of NATO. In 2004, Cyprus withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement in order to join the European Union, but retained a special observer status in this organization.

The 1960 constitution introduced a presidential republic with the division of powers into executive, legislative and judicial, and quotas to protect the interests of ethnic Turks. The president and vice president were elected respectively by the Greek and Turkish communities for a five-year term, and had the right to veto certain initiatives of the legislative and executive authorities.

Between the Greek and Turkish sectors lies the UN Buffer Zone, which is also a de facto (but not de jure) exclave.

International status

Since May 1, 2004 Cyprus has been a member of the European Union. Citizens of the Russian Federation do not need to obtain a single EU visa. As of September 2012, Cyprus is not part of the Schengen area. Citizens of the Russian Federation receive the so-called proviso, you can fill out an application for it on the website of the Embassy, ​​you can receive a proviso by e-mail after a day. A pro-visa gives the right to a single entry into the territory of the Republic of Cyprus. For multiple entries, a national Cypriot visa is required. The procedure is similar to opening a Schengen visa.

The legal way to arrive on the island is through Paphos or Larnaca airports, or seaports Larnaca or Limassol. Illegal - through Turkey, and the ports of Northern Cyprus, sea or air.

Since January 1, 2008, Cyprus has been a member of the eurozone, that is, the national currency - the Cypriot pound - has been replaced by the euro.

The Republic of Cyprus adheres to the policy of non-alignment and is not a member of NATO.

The Turkish sector is indicated on the maps as "territory inaccessible due to Turkish occupation", the same on the map of the northern part of the city of Nicosia. The names of the cities of Northern Cyprus are given as of 1974, there are no road signs for these cities.

Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Moscow

Cyprus map

Property located in Northern Cyprus, and owned until 1974 by ethnic Greeks, continues to be considered their property. The purchase of such property may be considered legal in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, but the authorities of the Greek sector may regard such a move as buying stolen goods.

Formally, 98% of the island's territory is under the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, minus the British military bases. De facto, 38% of the territory is occupied by the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Movement between the two parts of the island is free, with a passport and a legal visa of the Republic of Cyprus. The visa of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is issued upon entry. Insurance may not cover Turkish territory.

When returning from the northern part of the island, a customs inspection may be carried out. Since prices in Turkish territory are significantly lower, the import of goods from it is limited.

The Republic of Cyprus may refuse entry to persons who have a stamp in their passport stating that they have visited the Republic of Macedonia. This fact is connected with the dispute of this state with Greece about its name.

Diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union were established in August 1960. On April 7, 1992, the Republic of Cyprus recognized the Russian Federation as the legal successor of the USSR. The Russian embassy is located in the city of Nicosia, the consulate is in Larnaca. The Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Russia is located in Moscow, the consulate is in St. Petersburg.

Persons with a visitor visa are prohibited from working. A work permit must be obtained prior to arrival in the Republic of Cyprus.

Island unification referendum

Economy

Advantages: tourism provides 20% of GDP. Industry and services for neighboring eastern countries. Member of the EU.

Weak sides: the demand for stricter control and action against capital and tax leakages. limited liberalization. There is no foreign investment in Northern Cyprus.

The economy of Cyprus is strongly influenced by the division of the island into the Greek sector (the Republic of Cyprus) and the Turkish sector (the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus).

The economy of the Greek sector is thriving, but highly dependent on external risks. Growth rates in the 1990s reflect the island's dependence on fluctuations in the number of tourists, and changes in economic conditions in Western Europe. In January 2008 the island entered the Eurozone and its monetary policy will be dictated by the European Central Bank.

The Turkish sector represents one fifth of the population and one seventh of the GNP compared to the Greek part of the island. Due to the fact that it is only recognized by Turkey, Northern Cyprus has difficulty with international funding, and foreign firms usually avoid investing in it. Half of the labor force is employed in agriculture, government and military service. The Turkish lira is in circulation in the northern part of the island. Türkiye also provides direct and indirect assistance to tourism, education, industry, etc.

In both sectors there is a problem of water supply, the construction of desalination stations is planned.

Past and present: The offshore sector and the lowest taxes in the EU

The offshore regime for international business companies (International Business Companies), which was in force since January 1, 1977, ceased from May 1, 2004 (from the moment the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU). The offshore regime of Cyprus assumed the application of a corporate tax rate of 4.25% for companies that did not operate in the territory of the Republic. There are currently no international business companies (they were either liquidated or re-registered during 2004-2005). The Income Tax Act 2002 provides for a general corporate tax rate of 10% for all types of companies (which is the lowest in the European Union). The existence of resident and non-resident companies is provided for.

A Cyprus tax resident is a company whose management is located in Cyprus, as well as the effective management of which takes place in Cyprus (it is enough that a large number of directors, for example 2 out of 3 are tax residents of Cyprus, and preferably citizens, and also that all meetings of the board of directors and making decisions on transactions, etc. were taken in Cyprus). A tax resident - an individual is a person who is in Cyprus for more than 183 days. It is important to note that in 1998 the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cyprus signed an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation, which was significantly amended by the Protocol of October 7, 2010.

Cyprus is one of the most popular holding and international tax planning jurisdictions. In addition to the lowest corporate tax rate in the EU, income from the sale of securities, interest and dividends received are exempt from tax. There is no withholding tax on interest, dividends and royalties paid abroad. Cyprus has the widest network of double tax treaties, including with Russia and other CIS countries.

The establishment, operation and liquidation of companies is governed by the Companies Law of the Republic of Cyprus (The Companies Law, Cap. 113). The main motive for buying a company registered in the Republic of Cyprus is that, in accordance with paragraph 22 of Art. 8 "Exemptions" of the Law of the Republic of Cyprus dated 15.07.2002 No. 118 (I) / 2002 "On Income Tax" income from the sale of securities is exempt from taxation. Securities in the Republic of Cyprus mean shares, bonds, government bonds or shares of members of companies or other legal entities established both in Cyprus and in any other jurisdiction (promissory notes do not apply to them).

In December 2008, the State Revenue Service of the Republic of Cyprus issued an information letter dated 12/17/2008 No. 2008/13, containing an expanded list of "securities" for the purposes of taxation of income of legal entities. This clarification comes into force from the moment of issuing the letter.

In accordance with the above list, the following can be classified as securities:

• ordinary shares, shares of founders and preferred shares;
• bonds, debentures and rights of claim on bonds and debentures;
• options on securities;
• short option positions, futures, forwards and swaps on securities;
• depositary receipts on securities;
• derivative securities linked to various indices;
• REPO agreements on securities;
• shares in the capital of companies that do not have shares (shares in the capital of Russian LLCs);
• shares in open or closed investment funds established, registered and operating in accordance with the provisions of the legislation of the country in which they are created.

In Cyprus, it is possible to create companies of the following types:

• private limited company (may be "exempted")
• public limited company

Most often, Cypriot companies are used as holdings, financial group companies, investment companies, international trading companies, leasing companies, companies in royalty schemes.

The volume of accumulated investments that came to Russia from Cyprus and even more through Cyprus, by 2008 amounted to more than 40 billion US dollars (out of a total volume of about 200 billion). Cyprus is consistently in the top three in terms of investment in the Russian economy. This is directly related to preferential taxation in Cyprus.

Since 2008, Russia has applied preferential taxation of dividends if their recipients are Russian organizations with affiliated companies with their strategic participation, located both abroad and in Russia. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation has approved a list of states in relation to which these norms do not apply. Cyprus was one of those countries. The Cypriot authorities called this list "black" and considered it a serious problem. The Ministry of Finance of Russia and the Ministry of Finance of Cyprus were negotiating to remove Cyprus from the list. Russia linked the solution of this issue with the conclusion of a protocol to the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement dated December 5, 1998 (April 16, 2009 the Protocol was initialed in its final form). Also, Cyprus will have to be more loyal to Russia in terms of providing information.

On October 31, 2012, Rossiyskaya Gazeta (No. 251) dated October 31, 2012 published an order of the Russian Ministry of Finance dated August 21, 2012 No. 115n, registered on October 25, 2012 in the Russian Ministry of Justice, according to which the Republic of Cyprus is excluded from the list of offshore companies from January 1, 2013 , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 13, 2007 No. 108n. News from the Russian Tax Portal about the exclusion of Cyprus from the Russian list of offshores

In December 2008, the government of Ukraine proposed to the Verkhovna Rada to denounce the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between the USSR and Cyprus, which is currently in force with respect to Ukraine, but the Verkhovna Rada rejected this proposal. According to the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, in 2007 UAH 4 billion 817 million 530 thousand were transferred from Ukraine to Cyprus in the form of income. At the same time, the losses of the state budget of Ukraine from the application of the provisions of the Soviet-Cypriot agreement on the avoidance of double taxation amounted to 722 million 630 thousand hryvnias.

Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of August 21, 2012 N 115n "On Amending the List of States and Territories Providing a Preferential Taxation Treatment and (or) Not Providing for the Disclosure and Provision of Information in Conducting Financial Transactions (Offshore Zones), approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 13, 2007 N 108n", the country was excluded from the list of official offshore zones for Russian business. Changes to this list were made on October 25, 2012 /. new normal will come into effect on January 1, 2012.

Compliance with OECD requirements for tax transparency and information sharing

In August 2008, Act 72(I) amended the Act (Cap 4 of 1978) "On the Calculation and Collection of Tax", providing for the issuance of tax information in accordance with Art. 26 of the OECD Model Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation on Income and Capital.

The amendments circumvent for tax purposes statutory provisions on the prohibition of disclosure of information, including provisions on bank secrecy and obligations on non-disclosure of information obtained in the course of professional activities, which include rules on the obligation to maintain the confidentiality of information received from the client and data protection. At the same time, the right to legal professional privilege (lawyer secrecy) is preserved, and thus any information provided by the client during discussions with his lawyer cannot be disclosed to any third parties.

The key provisions of the changes made are:

• The Cypriot tax authorities may withhold information when there is no mutual reciprocity (statutory provisions to implement the agreement) between Cyprus and the other Contracting State with respect to the information to be exchanged. Thus, the requesting state is required to have similar provisions and/or administrative powers to carry out the exchange of information requested by the Cyprus tax authorities.

• The Cypriot tax authorities may exercise their powers to collect the requested information only after obtaining the written consent of the Attorney General of Cyprus.

• The Cyprus tax authorities may request information in respect of any persons, including companies and partnerships (partnerships), which have been dissolved and struck off the Register (of Companies).

• The Cyprus Tax Authorities may request any books, records or other documents, information or information in the possession, control, possession or competence of any person. The requesting state is required to provide the Cyprus tax authorities with the following information:

Information identifying the person being investigated;

Description of the requested information, as well as the content and manner in which the requesting state wishes to receive information from the tax authorities of Cyprus;

Reasons and grounds for believing that the requested information is held by the Cyprus tax authorities, or may be in the possession or control of a person over whom Cyprus exercises jurisdiction;

The name and address of any person who may have the requested information, to the extent that it may be available;

A statement that the provision of information is subject to the laws and administrative powers of the requesting state, and when the requested information is found and established in the jurisdiction of the requested state, the relevant authorities will be able to obtain the information in accordance with their laws and ordinary administrative powers;

A statement that the requesting State has exhausted all measures available to it in its jurisdiction to obtain the requested information, except for those measures that would impose an undue burden.

Legislation and judicial system

The legal system of Cyprus modern form formed during the period of British colonial rule on the island (1878-1960). English law had a decisive influence on the formation of most branches of law; many legal institutions are no different from English ones. By the time of the British occupation of Cyprus in 1878, Ottoman law was in force on the island, which by this time had been almost completely codified, with most of the codes borrowed from France. The new law, however, had not yet had time to take root by that time.

By the Cyprus Courts of Justice Order of 1882, it was established that in cases where at least one of the defendants was not an Ottoman citizen, English law was applied, and in other cases, Ottoman law.

Ottoman law in Cyprus included 5 codes, gradually replaced by English colonial law. The Ottoman Criminal Code was replaced in 1928 by the Cypriot Criminal Code, introduced by order in the Council; the Ottoman Commercial Code - by the Law on Partnerships of 1928, the Law of Exchange of 1928 and the Bankruptcy Law of 1930. The Ottoman Civil Code (Majalla), which was a codification of Sharia norms, was also gradually abolished and replaced by a number of major acts. In 1930, the Contract Law (Cap. 149) was introduced, which was a very complete codification of English contract law. This act was based on the Indian Contracts Act 1872 and the Zanzibar Contracts Ordinance 1917. The Torts Act 1933 was a codification of English tort law (currently Cyprus is the only country in the British Commonwealth where tort law is codified) . The remaining articles of the Majalla were replaced by other legislation. The Ottoman Land Code was replaced by the Immovable Property (Holding, Registration and Valuation) Law of 1945. Finally, the Maritime Code is still in force to the extent that it does not contradict the Merchant Shipping Act of 1894.

In addition to the above codes, during the period of British domination, some other branches of law (for example, criminal procedure, mining) were codified.

Following the independence of Cyprus, the provisions of the English legal system were enacted by the Courts of Justice Law in 1960. According to the terminology of this Act, the civil and criminal courts are ordered to comply with the provisions of the English common law, “so far as they are not contrary to the laws in force in present, or they have not been amended by the Constitution. In cases where the relationship is not regulated by the laws of Cyprus, the courts of the island must resort to the provisions of common law and the law of equity.

Independent Cyprus develops its own case law.

In family law and some issues of personal status, the dominant role was retained by religious law (respectively, ecclesiastical law in the Greek community and Muslim law in the Turkish community).

Cyprus does not have its own legal higher education institutions. Greek Cypriots receive their legal education mainly in Greece and the UK.

At the time of the creation of an independent Cypriot state, it was assumed that the judicial system would have to reflect the bicommunal nature of the country. At the head of the highest judicial bodies - the Supreme Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court (they were merged in January 1964) - were supposed to be neutral chairmen who would not belong to any of the national communities, but had the right to vote and had to maintain a balance between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots members of the above courts.

The 1960 constitution provided that only a Turkish judge would judge Turkish Cypriots, and a Greek judge over Greek Cypriots. In the event that Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots participated in the lawsuit, the case was considered by a mixed court. Communal offices of Greek and Turkish lawyers were established, with legislative and administrative powers in relation to disputes over education, religion, culture, sports, cooperatives and credit societies. After intercommunal clashes in 1963, mixed courts ceased to exist. The Supreme Court consists of 13 members appointed by the President of the Republic. It is the highest court of appeal in the country. The Supreme Court appoints the judges of the lower courts and decides on all issues related to their professional advancement, disciplinary responsibility, dismissal, etc.

Civil cases and minor offenses punishable by up to 3 years in prison or up to £500 fine are heard in the District Courts. The Assize Courts have jurisdiction over more serious cases. The court of appeal against them is the Supreme Court of Cyprus. There are no courts in the Republic of Cyprus dealing with special categories of criminal cases (for example, those involving state security). However, there are special courts for some non-criminal cases: the Labor Court, the Rent Control Court and the Family Court. These courts exercise exclusive jurisdiction in relevant matters, their decisions can only be challenged in terms of law to the Supreme Court. The Attorney General of the Republic of Cyprus (Attorney General) acts as the Chief Legal Adviser to the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers and is also the Director of the Department of Public Prosecutions.

The composition of the Supreme Court of a separate state - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - includes a chairman and 4 judges. It also performs the functions of the constitutional court, the highest administrative court and the court of cassation. Just like in the Republic of Cyprus, district courts with 1 judge hear cases punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, assize courts with 3 judges hear more serious cases.

In 1991, the position of Ombudsman (commissioner for human rights) was established in the Republic of Cyprus. The bar is organized in the form of partnerships operating on the basis of the Partnerships Act (repeating the English Act of the same name of 1890). Upon completion of their legal education, barristers must pass the bar exam administered by the Legal Board and complete a one-year internship with a barrister with at least five years of experience. A lawyer with at least 3 years of experience has the right to appear in any court of the country.

Telecommunications

The dominant telecommunications company and Internet service provider is CYTA owned by the state. In connection with liberalization in 2003, several private companies appeared in this sector to create conditions for free competition.

One of the most successful private telecom operators in Cyprus is Primetel, which has built its own and independent fiber network throughout the island over the past 4 years. Also, PrimeTel, together with the world's major operator Reliance Globalcom, will soon launch a new high-speed submarine cable connecting Cyprus with Europe and other countries.

Education and science

In total, there are six universities in Cyprus: 3 public and 3 private. The state ones include the University of Cyprus, the Open University of Cyprus and the Cyprus Technological University. In addition to the three private universities (European University of Cyprus, Frederic University of Cyprus and the University of Nicosia), there are several institutions: Cyprus Academy government controlled, Graduate School of Hospitality, Mediterranean Institute of Management and Cyprus International Institute of Management.

National holidays

• New Year - January 1
• Epiphany - January 6
• Green Monday (beginning of Lent, 50 days before Orthodox Easter)
• Greek National Day - March 25
• Cyprus National Day - April 1
• Good Friday - variable date
• Bright Monday (Monday after Easter)
• International Labor Day - May 1
• Kataklysmos (festival in honor of the Great Flood), Monday after Trinity
• Dormition - August 15
• Cyprus Independence Day - October 1
• Greek national holiday (OHI Day) - October 28
• Christmas Eve - December 24
• Christmas - December 25
• Christmas time - December 26

Cypriot cuisine

The cuisine of Cyprus is based on Mediterranean dishes, primarily Greek and Turkish. These include meze (a set of numerous snacks and dishes united by one theme - meat or fish), common both in Greece and Turkey, and kleftiko - baked goat or lamb meat. But traditional is still the use of goat meat.

Kleftiko is translated as “stolen meat”, as shepherds used to hide stolen meat in the ground and cook it by making a fire from above. Today, this dish is cooked in a tightly sealed oven. Thanks to the cooking method, the meat is tender and easily moves away from the bones.

Also traditional are dishes on the grill - souvla and souvlaki. Deep-fried cutlets keftedes and sheftalia (minced meat with herbs and breadcrumbs).

Local seafood specialties include squid and octopus in red wine. From sweets, jam from local fruits, vegetables and nuts is common - from walnuts in soft shells, eggplants, figs, etc.

Cypriots also consider churchkhela (in Greek “shushuko”) to be their dish - nuts strung on ropes and covered with a frozen syrup of grape juice, flour and rose water. Rose water is actively used in cooking.

Cypriot coffee is similar to Turkish coffee - served with thick and a glass of ice water.

Cinnamon is of great importance in Cypriot cuisine - it is added to almost all dishes: sweets, meat, cutlets, vegetable stews.

Commandaria wine is famous, the production of which began during the time of the Crusaders. Local beers KEO and Leon are popular.

British heritage in the field of cooking is expressed in the traditional "English breakfast" of scrambled eggs with bacon and beans. In a number of bars, beer is served in English pints.

Great damage is done to populations of small migratory birds (up to 2 million individuals per year in the early 2010s), which are eaten, considered a delicacy ( see main article).

Armed forces

basis Armed Forces The Republic of Cyprus is the National Guard (Greek Εθνική Φρουρά), founded in 1964, and includes land (SV), sea (Navy) and air (Air Force) components. The total number of the National Guard is about 14 thousand people.

The Ground Forces of the National Guard of the Republic of Cyprus include the 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions, the 3rd and 4th Separate Infantry Brigades, the 20th Separate Armored Brigade, the Separate Commando Brigade, the Field Artillery Command, units and subunits of central command.

In addition, on the basis of the “Treaty on Security Guarantees of the Republic of Cyprus” of 1960, Greece maintains its troops on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus (ELDIK - Greek.

The main suppliers of weapons and military equipment are Greece, Russia and France. The United States and Great Britain imposed an embargo on the supply of weapons due to the unresolved Cyprus problem.

The personnel are recruited by conscription from among men aged 16 years and older, the duration of military service is 24 months (from 01/01/2009 - the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers was adopted in mid-December 2008, before that, the conscription service period was 25 months), and is obligatory for persons whose father is a Greek Cypriot. For religious minorities (Armenians, Catholics, Christians - Maronites) the conscription is not obligatory. Turks are not subject to conscription.

Guests of the island - men over 16 years old - with a Cypriot father must obtain an exit visa from the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Cyprus.

Attractions

• The main attractions of the country: the tomb of Lazarus, the tomb of Hala Sultan, the Archaeological Museum of Antiquities.
• In the old part of Famagusta there is a fortress of the XIV-XV centuries, in the tower of which lived the prototype of Shakespeare's Othello, the Venetian commander Christopher Moreau.
• Ruins of the ancient city of Salamis.
• Near Kyrenia - the ruins of the Gothic Bellapais abbey, the Shipwreck Museum.
• Stavrovouni Monastery, founded, according to legend, in 327 by Saint Helena.
• Church of Agios Andronikos.
• The ancient city of Kourion, near Limassol

see also

Notes

Links

Literature

• Edward Savulak. Cyprus: 170 answers about taxes. - M., 2011. - 125 p.
• Cypriot Rhapsody. Poems of poets of Cyprus. Translation from Modern Greek. Ed. Ya. Smelyakova. - M., 1961. - 106 p.

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Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean after Sicily and Sardinia, located in its eastern part, 75 kilometers from the coast of Turkey and 105 and 380 kilometers from the coasts of Syria and Egypt, respectively. Cyprus, with an area of ​​9,251 sq. km., stretching for 240 kilometers from east to west and about 100 kilometers from north to south. Cyprus is a rather mountainous island with two more or less large mountainous regions. The Kyrenia Ridge runs right along the coast mediterranean sea in the northeastern part of the island, its highest point is Mount Akromanda (1023 meters). The western part of the island is occupied by the large Troodos mountain range, where the most high mountain Cyprus - the local Olympus with a height of 1952 meters.

Cyprus is one of the most popular resort destinations in the Mediterranean, although the island itself has developed a rather tense situation. The fact is that Cyprus since 1974 as a result of Turkish invasion actually divided into two parts - the Republic of Cyprus (where all tourists go) and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The Republic of Cyprus owns approximately 60% of the island's territory, 36% is occupied by Turkish Northern Cyprus. Both these parts are separated from each other by a buffer zone controlled by the UN contingent and occupying about 3.7 percent of the territory.

In addition, 2.7 percent of the island's area is the British military bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The capital of both the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is located in the city of Nicosia (Turkish version - Lefkosa), divided by the so-called Green Line. About 300 thousand people live in the Greek part of the city, about 90 thousand in the Turkish part.

The total population of Cyprus is 1,190,236, of which 864,236 live in the territory of the Republic of Cyprus and 326,000 live in Northern Cyprus. More than 90 percent of the inhabitants of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek Cypriots, the rest of the population is made up of British, Russians and Armenians. Turkish Cypriots, Turks and some other nationalities live in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 77 percent of the population of Cyprus professes Greek Orthodoxy, 18 percent are Sunni Muslims, 5 percent are other branches of Christianity (Catholics, Maronites, Protestants, etc.).

Flight time:
(charter flights to Larnaca, 50 km)
from Moscow - 3 hours 40 minutes.
from St. Petersburg - 4 hours 25 minutes.
from Kazan - 3 hours 30 minutes.
from Yekaterinburg - 4 hours 30 minutes.
from Novosibirsk - 8 hours 20 minutes.

Current time in Nicosia:
(UTC+2)

The official languages ​​are Greek and Turkish. The majority of the population of the Republic of Cyprus is fluent in English, which makes it easier to communicate while relaxing on the island.

How to get there

How to get to Cyprus? There can be no two opinions - of course, by plane. There is no ferry service to the southern part of the island, and ferries to the northern part can only be reached via Turkey.

Despite the fact that Cyprus is a relatively small island, it has two air ports on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus and one in its northern part. If you prefer a regular flight to a charter one, in most cases you will land at Larnaca airport. All major airlines are based here. The exception is S7, which operates flights to both Cypriot airports - Larnaca and Paphos. The airports are operated by the same Hermes company, while Larnaca airport serves three times the passenger flow, and is itself larger. In 2017, it became the leader in terms of speed of service among all airports in the EU.

A little advice: if you intend to live in the south-west of the island and are planning an independent trip, it makes direct sense to look for flights to Paphos - yes, tickets can be more expensive (however, not a fact), but the road to the place of intended residence is much shorter. Otherwise, the next hour and a half spent in a taxi will be added to the time spent on the plane, as well as 95€ for a one-way taxi ride.

If you want to fly directly to northern part islands, you have no choice: all planes landing in Northern Cyprus must somehow take off from Turkey (the specifics of the political moment of a partially recognized state) and they all land near Nicosia - at Ercan airport.

At the same time, be sure to keep in mind: having started your acquaintance with Cyprus from its northern part, you will not be able to move to the south - for such a trip you must have a Schengen visa or a national visa of Cyprus in your passport, which are not required for arrival on the south side - there is enough the usual pro-visa (see). To feel freer, choose airports in the southern part of the island.

Ferry service between Cyprus and other countries is carried out only from the North side and only with Turkey: this is how you can get to Kyrenia (Girne) from Tasucu (Silifke) (150 kilometers from Alanya, 100 from Mersin), and to Famagusta from Mersin.

In March 2019, the opening of a ferry service with Beirut (from Limassol) fell through: the Lebanese authorities did not agree on the route and postponed the decision for at least a year.

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Climate, weather in Cyprus

Despite the large amount of information on the Internet, the question about the weather in Cyprus remains open.

When does summer start in Cyprus? A good indicator that a pleasant warm summer has finally come to Cyprus are the water parks that open in the middle (or last decade) of April: their many years of experience show that this time is already unconditionally suitable for permanent work, and suggests that surprises businessmen (whose business, in general, consists in selling this weather) do not expect from the weather.

So, if you want a real summer, come in mid-April, when the daytime air temperature at the beginning of the month reaches +25 °C, and by the end of the month it reaches +28 °C. Water - up to +23 °C.

Cypriot Spring- transient and sometimes indistinguishable from "winter": the daytime temperature from December to April can stay at the same level - about +22 ° C (fluctuations from +13 to +22 ° C). Well, then, as already mentioned, summer comes abruptly.

Winter the temperature is, of course, unstable, and if the temperature reaches and, most importantly, stays above +20 °C, then the winter can be considered very warm (as it was in 2014), but in any case it rarely drops below +15 °C, and the average is +17…+18 °C. When visiting Cyprus in winter, do not think that you will not have to freeze: apartments in this southern country are not heated, expensive electricity is saved, and if you are not lucky, the temperature will be the same both outside and inside the apartment / hotel, so warm clothes will still come in handy, especially if you go to the mountains, where there will be snow from late December to March , and daytime temperatures can stay at zero. But in the mountains at this time it will be possible to ski - equipment is inexpensively rented on the spot.

The middle of summer in Cyprus is hot. Hot air comes in the third decade of June and lasts until mid-September. At this time, the daily air temperature on the coast can reach up to +38 °C, but usually stays at +32…+36 °C.

One and a half autumn months from mid-September to the end of October are comfortable and pleasant +30 ° C, with warm nights.

Then, until mid-November, only evenings will get colder, and daytime temperatures will still reach +28 °C. December will lower the daily temperature from +24 °C at the beginning of the month to +18…+20 °C at the end. January still lower average temperature, but nevertheless, until the middle of the month, it can still rise to +20 ° C. From the middle of the month, “winter” comes: until the beginning of April, the temperature jumps from +13 to +22 in general, but more often it fixes in the region of +16 ... +18 ° C.

Total number of sunny days per year: at least 340, which means that the remaining 25 days of the year, being distributed from November to March (the time when rains occur), give about 5 rainy days per month. Abnormally rainy winters do occur, but are extremely rare.

Cities and regions

Main tourist cities Cyprus

The Troodos Mountains are the largest of the two mountain ranges of the island, attracting not only the majority of tourists who decide to do something else besides banal swimming in the sea, but also the Cypriots themselves, who escape the heat in summer and go skiing (or just stare at snow), take a hundred selfies with a mug of mulled wine in your hands, please the children with sledding. The Troodos Mountains are a concentrate of cultural, educational and natural sights: traditional villages, medieval monasteries, stunning landscapes, waterfalls and forests.

2. Pentadactylos Mountains

The second mountain range of Cyprus Pentadaktylos (or Beshparmak) is lower than the Troodos, but it is distinguished by especially beautiful steep cliffs, it attracts not only with its unique nature, but also with several architectural sights: medieval castles and Byzantine churches. The nature of the mountains will not disappoint hikers either: the views from the peaks will impress even experienced hikers.

3. Karpas Peninsula

Karpas is a specially protected area from human activity - a small reserve on the eastern outskirts of the island. The hilly terrain is covered with relic forest, beautiful deserted beaches meet with a sea of ​​extraordinary transparency. The way to the peninsula is not close, but worth any time spent on it.

Reserve "Cavo Greco" - a small cape in the southeast of the island near Ayia Napa and Protaras, interesting for its expressive coastline - rocky shores, sea caves, wild beaches, stone arches above the water, and, of course, the "Blue Lagoon" - a bay with crystal clear blue water.

"Brilliant", and this is how Kyrenia is translated - the most beautiful city islands: the Venetian harbor has survived to this day, as has the largest historical site of the island, the ancient fortress, which is the dominant of the entire embankment, on which there are numerous cafes and restaurants offering not only delicious food, but also an attractive view of the sea. The city is interesting both for its historical center, as well as numerous sights around it, including: “Bellapais Abbey”, “Castle of St. Illarion ", beach" Alagadi ".

6. Objects cultural heritage UNESCO

UNESCO protects 11 sites in Cyprus: the ancient city of Paphos, the Neolithic settlement of Khirokitia, and 9 Byzantine churches, which are of the greatest interest with frescoes of an unusual degree of preservation - they are of such great value that they are included in a special list - objects that require special protection in case of military conflicts .

Bellapais Abbey was once considered the most beautiful object of medieval Gothic in the east of the Mediterranean: looking at the complex that was partially destroyed by time (however, it retained the three main rooms in almost original form), one can easily believe this fact. Not only the creation of human hands is beautiful, but also the natural environment: mountains adjoining the sea, rocks rising high into the sky are harmoniously combined with the architecture of the monastery.

8. Sea caves and secret beach

Sea caves - the only place in Cyprus where seals still live - is affected by the proximity of the Akamas reserve and the relatively sparsely populated surroundings. The place was chosen by photographers who chose snow-white rocks of an unusual shape (the result of weathering) as an entourage for wedding photo shoots.

The Akamas peninsula is perhaps the most beautiful place in Cyprus: the untouched nature of the landscape reserve will not leave you indifferent - mountains, forest, roads running along the edge of steep cliffs, and, finally, the famous "Blue Lagoon" - a beach surrounded by wooded hills and water from a thousand shades of turquoise and even gold. The easiest way to get to the Blue Lagoon is by boat from Latchi (journey time 1 hour).

10. Ancient city-states

The history of Cyprus has brought us information about 13 city-states on its territory, and the ruins of most of them are available for visiting. Once on the island, it is impossible not to visit the best of the surviving - Paphos, included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, as well as Kourion and Salamis - it will take you several fascinating hours to explore them!

11. mountain villages Cyprus

The mountain villages of Cyprus - Kouklia, Lefkara and others - are the concentration of the entire centuries-old culture of the Cypriots: it was in the mountains, hiding from many conquerors, that they lived most of the history of the island. Now it is these monuments of history and architecture that are most interesting to visit: the quiet streets of medieval villages will not leave you indifferent, and the rustic cuisine is considered the most delicious on the island.

12. Venetian bridges

Venetian bridges are one of the most inaccessible monuments, but all the more interesting - built by the Venetians in the 16th century, they were subsequently lost for a long time in the overgrown dense forests, and now, surrounded by them, they look very unusual in the middle of almost wildlife. Bridges were built by the Venetians to transport copper ore from the mine to the port of Paphos.

The historical center of the capital is enclosed not only within the boundaries of medieval stone fortifications, 5 kilometers long, but also within the boundaries of two states: the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey, which does not negate the fact of the actual division of the island into two countries). One of the most interesting tourist attractions is the border crossing, which brings vivid impressions from a sharp change in the cultural environment. It is on the Turkish side that you will find the three most interesting historical quarters of the ancient city: Arabahmet, Samanbakhce and the Gothic center, with medieval churches, well-preserved remains of palace complexes, narrow streets winding between ancient houses, and, of course, large and small caravanserais. In the old part of the "southern" Nicosia, you will also not be left without impressions: the Famagusta gate - the largest gate leading to the city, will surprise you with the size of the interior, where art exhibitions, conferences and concerts are now held, the Lidra pedestrian street will attract you with a large number of restaurants , clothing stores, the Laiki Getonia quarter is interesting not only for its narrow streets and cozy cafes, but also for a large number of inexpensive souvenir shops, Archaeological Museum attracts tourists with an impressive collection of ancient artifacts, a motorcycle museum will be of interest to those who are fond of technology, and a small collection of Cypriot coins, which, like the Famagusta Gate is free, will interest collectors, and, of course, a small private museum Shacolas tower is a must-see with a viewing platform overlooking the entire city!

Where to go in Cyprus

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and recreation areas

Transport

Private guides in Cyprus

Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with Cyprus in more detail.
Registered on the Experts.Tourister.Ru project.

Things to do

Cyprus is definitely an island with a pronounced seasonality: most of the tourists come to the island in the summer. Yes, yes, they are all “victims” of stereotypes - more often it is considered as a place for beach holiday, while losing all the possibilities of cognitive recreation.

Looking at Cyprus from the other side, one might be surprised - the excursion program is rich, and those who visit the island in winter - at the best time for cognitive travel, find that the sea on it is far from the most important thing, especially since summer excursions are associated with tiring heat, while winter ones provide an opportunity for a thoughtful, measured, healthy rest. What to do in Cyprus in winter?

Of course, go to the mountains. The mountains are especially beautiful in winter: the waterfalls are full of water, the peaks are covered with snow, while in the valleys warmed by the sun, only stones do not bloom! Walking along the mountain trails will bring extraordinary pleasure: clean air will allow you to view the entire island from the height of many observation platforms, lovers skiing can visit the ski resort.

Only in winter can you calmly and leisurely walk along ancient cities- the unbearable heat won't let you do it in the summer!

It is in winter that graceful flamingos arrive on the island. The lake where they spend the whole season is literally a 20-minute walk from the center of Larnaca.

The calendar winter in Cyprus is more like spring - it is at this time of the year that the nature of the island wakes up from the beginning (albeit rare) rains. Warm (sometimes even hot) sun on the coast, as well as at the same time, the presence of snow in the mountains, allow you to swim in the sea and go skiing in one day.

Movement around the country

It is difficult for a traveler, whose interests are not limited to the nearest beach and a pub around the corner, without a car in Cyprus: buses move along highways, and cities for an inquisitive traveler are not as attractive as the interior of the island. Considering that a Cypriot taxi is generally not a cheap pleasure - on average, each kilometer costs 1€ - a rental car would be a reasonable, although not the only choice: those who want to see the true nature and history of Cyprus, and at the same time feel completely safe - they can use it.

Buses

Intercity bus service is not the best, but a forced way to travel around the island: such trips have one advantage - cheapness.

A trip along the longest two-hundred-kilometer route from Paphos to Ayia Napa will cost you an easy 9 €, and the price for routes between neighboring cities is no more than five. If you look at the map of the island, you will find that the distance between all the neighboring cities of Cyprus is almost the same (and is about 50-60 km), therefore, the duration of the trip is the same - about an hour and a half. The longest route from Paphos to Ayia Napa will take about four hours.

If you are not afraid of losing time, buy a day or week ticket from the driver for 15 and 75 euros respectively - it will allow you to travel in any direction. The price of weekly passes for intracity routes is from 7 to 15 euros - and this is really a good way to explore the surroundings near large cities.

Taxi

Those who prefer relative freedom and speed of movement over short distances, do not want to stand idle waiting for rare buses and do not dare to rent a car, can use taxi services.

The cost of a trip can be calculated both by the meter and be declared fixed: in this case, the fixed cost is often not taken from the "ceiling", but is the average on a specific route - many years of experience will tell the driver this cost.

In the season when it is more profitable for the driver to wait for an expensive client and not to carry a "cheap" one, the price for any short trip can be equal to 10 euros, regardless of the distance, if it does not exceed 5 kilometers. count approximate cost easy: 1€ for each kilometer of the journey, regardless of the distance - a trip around the city or between cities will be calculated the same way.

Rent a Car

If you wanted absolute freedom and rented a car, then keep in mind that with the seeming speed of getting used to left-hand traffic at any moment, instincts can play a trick on you: the most common mistake is an unconscious exit into the oncoming lane after turning.

Finding a car for rent in Cyprus is easy: you will be helped by both global networks such as Herz, Sixt or Avis, as well as small local offices. The first cars are better in technical condition, but more expensive. The latter can slip rubbish (they may not slip it, it's a lottery), but it's inexpensive. In any case, the choice is yours.

Russians do not require international rights - this is a plus. Traffic in Cyprus is left-handed, which seems to be a minus, but you quickly get used to this feature of the former English colony. On the third day of driving, left-hand traffic begins to seem logical, after a week - convenient. The red numbers adorning rental cars are an additional “fool-proof”: seeing such a number, the Cypriots understand that a visitor is driving, which should be treated condescendingly and with caution. In any case, do not be stingy, take extended insurance, without deductibles and other petty savings.

At the same time, pay attention to some subtleties: insurance that is suitable in the south does not work in the north. You will have to fork out and buy a separate policy. Three days of insurance - 20 €, a month - 35. A credit card is required - when you transfer a car to you, a certain amount will be blocked on it, depending on the class and current state of the car. The proposed extended insurance costing 5€ per day will dramatically reduce the amount of blocking by 4 times. The rental service is not expensive and not cheap. More expensive than in Spain, cheaper than in Italy. Central European price.

Getting hold of a car is not a problem in Northern Cyprus either. The cost of rental is slightly higher than in the south, but sometimes the cars are newer. There is only one unpleasant nuance - in a car rented in the north, you will not be able to cross the border of the Republic of Cyprus and the TRNC without the written permission of the rental office.

Features of driving in Cyprus

What should you pay close attention to while driving, besides changing direction? For speed mode. As you enter the freeway, you will notice a sign that sets a MINIMUM speed limit of 65 kilometers per hour. That is, it is forbidden to move SLOWER on the freeway. The maximum speed is 100 kilometers per hour. Additional restrictions may be imposed on circles, exits and exits, you need to keep your eyes open, especially in Northern Cyprus: if on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus the speed is measured by police crews in strictly defined places marked with warning signs "Radar speed control", in the north this function is performed automatic cameras installed almost everywhere.

There are warning signs, but they come across so often that sometimes there is a desire to ignore them. This is reckless: speeding tickets in Northern Cyprus are depressingly high, and the amount of the fine depends on how many km / h faster you fly. It will not work to agree with the camera (as, indeed, with the police), it is better to look at both. Tolerance (police indulgence in violation of the speed limit) - 10% of the speed indicated on the sign. Keep in mind that additional kilometers per hour is not a permitted, but an allowable excess, while still being a violation.

The quality of the road surface is excellent, navigation is excellent. The roads of Northern Cyprus, connecting Famagusta, Nicosia, Kyrenia and Morpho, are no worse in quality than those of the south. All roads in Cyprus, including motorways, are free.

Kitchen

In our humble opinion, it is impossible to die of hunger in Cyprus. And if you really do not perceive local cuisine(which is nonsense, but it happens), you will not be left without dinner.

To begin with, keep in mind: Cyprus was still a British colony for a long time, many dishes are still adapted to the tastes of the inhabitants of Foggy Albion. In particular, a huge plate of french fries will automatically be served with any dish everywhere. Additionally, you can not order a side dish, although in some places such an option exists. Salad as a separate dish can also be neglected. It is usually served as a “light warm-up” before the default main course or part of a side dish. Some unprepared organisms on the salad and finish the meal.

One of the characteristics of Cypriot cuisine, in addition to “variety” and “taste”, is “abundance”: it is not necessary to order salad, soup, meatballs and compote at once - you simply cannot eat it all. One main dish will be more than enough. At the same time, one dish for two will still not be enough, then two dishes for three is just right: if you ask for an order to share in a restaurant, then the prepared dishes will be placed in the middle of the table, and they will bring you empty plates - this is absolutely normal and is practiced everywhere.

In large cities - Larnaca, Paphos, Limassol - the variety of restaurants is no different from that in any major city world: popular Japanese cuisine, all kinds of pizzerias. A quick snack is also not a problem: in small kiosks and cafes, they will prepare a hot sandwich with lunza (dried meat) or gyros (meat in pita with fresh salad) in three minutes, accompanying it again with a rather big dish with french fries. in large supermarkets and shopping malls there are indispensable "McDonald's" or "Taco Bell", but still try to bypass these establishments: Cyprus has much more to offer.

Thanks to his geographical location Cyprus is incredibly interesting from the point of view of a gourmet prone to research: if you characterize Cypriot cuisine in a nutshell, you get "simplicity" and "eclecticism". The Cypriots creatively rethought the culinary tastes of all the cultures whose representatives were noted on the island. Arabic, Balkan, Greek, Turkish traditions and recipes are in use here.

From the Greeks and Turks, the Cypriots borrowed cooking on the grill, as well as the use of a large amount of yogurt, parsley, garlic. From the Arabs - spices, but the food in Cyprus is much less spicy than is customary in the Arab world. Zira and hot peppers are used, but carefully and sparingly. The Italians taught the Cypriots to use fresh herbs: mint, coriander, tarragon, basil, cardamom and arugula. Finally, the British are not only fish and chips, but also Indian curries and ginger. Moreover, despite the centuries-old history of coexistence and interpenetration of the two Cypriot communities, Greek and Turkish, the concept of "Cyprus cuisine" is difficult to generalize: sometimes even dishes with the same name in the north and south differ quite significantly - both in terms of the composition of the products and the method of preparation , and taste characteristics.

Cypriot cuisine is mostly meat. First of all, pork (in the Greek part) and lamb, poultry and sometimes rabbit meat, less often beef. But fish, strange as it may seem at first glance, is not particularly popular on the island. The fact is that the local population spent a long time in the mountains, hiding from the raids of various colonialists, having lost contact with the sea. However, nowadays Cypriots are happy to eat tuna, sea bass, swordfish and squid. The rule of thumb when choosing fish dishes is that the simpler the better, the fish should ideally be freshly caught and grilled. In good taverns, you will often be offered to choose the fish yourself.

And, of course, one of the unconditional Cypriot products - famous all over the world halloumi cheese, which is not only fried and used in sandwiches, but also for making desserts.

The pantheon of iconic Cypriot dishes consists of such masterpieces as kleftiko, stifado, afelia, sheftalia, kupepya, souvlaki, pastichio.

But the most obvious showcase of all the diversity and impressions of the Cypriot cuisine is the famous meze, which is talked about with burning eyes by everyone who just wants to try it, and those who have already tasted it: this tradition involves serving almost all dishes from the menu presented in the tavern in full portions of each of them, for the price of one.

Do not expect that when you go to the first beach cafe you come across, you will be smitten, subdued and forever in love with Cypriot cuisine. Miracles, of course, happen, but, as regular practice shows, masterpieces, especially culinary ones, do not lie on the road. They must be found by trial and error. The main advice is not to be afraid to experiment.

And the last. Do not judge Cypriot taverns by their appearance. Sometimes in the most unsightly-looking eatery away from the main tourist routes there may be no vacancies, which means a reputation earned over the years and popularity with local residents. Do not leave! It makes sense to wait for a free table, rather than looking for where there are fewer people and being disappointed.

Purchases

Cyprus can become a good place for shopping - low taxes and import duties make the cost of expensive things lower than in other countries, and you can save thousands of euros on purchases from the luxury segment: products of famous brands such as Cartier or BVLGARI will cost much less on the island than in other European countries.

Buying items of the middle price segment will make it possible to save about 35% of the cost: for example, Samsonite suitcases, clothes from brands such as Zara, Oysho, Massimo Dutti will cost at the price level in Russia during the sale, and the discount season in Cyprus will take up to 70% more from them initial cost.

By the way, sales seasons in Cyprus are determined by law: price reductions in certain time year - not the will of the seller, but his duty. The summer season of sales begins in July and lasts at least until the end of the month, or even until the last days of summer, and the winter season immediately after the New Year holidays.

There are few goods of own production on the island, and they are mainly represented by food products - cheeses, wines and traditional sweets. Industrial goods are not produced in Cyprus.

There are several grocery supermarket chains in Cyprus: Lidl known to Europeans, Greek Alfa Mega and Sklavenitis, Papantoniou, Athienitis and Metro. Most often, supermarkets are located on the outskirts of cities or even outside them: for Cypriots who own vehicles, visiting retail outlets does not cause difficulties, but for tourists it is most convenient to get to shops by taxi, since the study route networks public transport may be useless: most often it is impossible to get to shops by buses or such a trip will take too much time due to long waiting times at stops. In this regard, the easiest way for residents and vacationers in Paphos: in close proximity to tourist center The city is one of the largest hypermarkets in Cyprus, on the ground floor of which there is a Sklavenitis grocery supermarket.

In the northern part of Cyprus, the most famous supermarkets are Lemar and Tempo.

Connection

Mobile communications on the island are represented by three basic telecom operators and one virtual (MNVO). Base operators: Epic (which rebrands with enviable regularity and has already changed its third name (formerly MTN, formerly Areeba), state operator CYTA (in cooperation with Vodafone) and Primetel. Virtual operator - Cablenet (based on CYTA). The cost of services of all operators is approximately equals: according to the German statistical agency Statista, published in the journal Der Spiegel, the Cypriot mobile connection is the most expensive in the European Union: on prepaid tariffs (pay as you go) for 1 Gigabyte of data you will have to pay about 10 €, and this is not counting the time of calls, which are paid separately at about 10¢. All three mobile operators have Russian-language pages and booklets on their websites. full description services and instructions. PrimeTel even has its own

It is believed that the island of Cyprus has the healthiest climate for humans: sunny, warm, mixing both salty sea and refreshing mountain air. This is due to the favorable location of the island of Cyprus on the world map. That is why here the largest number of centenarians. And that is why this island is worth visiting during your vacation, in order not only to have a good rest on the sandy shore next to the azure sea, but also to improve your health. In addition to the wonderful climate, Cyprus has an interesting and changeable history.

History of an independent state.

Although the island of Cyprus is territorially part of the Asian part of the globe, its history and culture are more connected with Europe, namely with Greece. Of course, it is the ancient culture that can be seen with the naked eye, one has only to be on the territory island nation. There is even a legend that it was on the shores of Cyprus that the Greek goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite was born, which foreshadowed a happy life for the island. But in reality, everything is much more complicated and contradictory than in the legend. In fact, throughout its life, Cyprus has undergone many state changes and armed coups.

Cyprus was not always Greek. Tasty Island, the pearl of the Mediterranean, as it is called, managed to visit the Byzantine Empire, Venice, and was also part of the Ottoman Empire. From 1879 until 1959 Cyprus was a British colony. This certainly influenced modern life Cyprus, for example, left-hand traffic, familiar to the British, has been preserved, most residents speak English language.

In 1959, negotiations were held between Turkey, Greece and Great Britain, as a result of which Cyprus was declared independent state, which it still is. The main population: Greeks and Turks were to live in peace, the government was to be elected from 2 national communities in order to satisfy the interests of each. However, in 1983, Turkish northern Cyprus separated from the main part of the island. And now on the island there are 2 states of the Southern Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. However, the latter is recognized only by Turkey and Abkhazia.

Guests of the island live mainly in its recognized southern part. It is in the south of the island that you can find many cultural monuments reminiscent of the glorious ancient culture in the history of the island of Cyprus.

Cyprus on the world map.

The island is located in the Mediterranean Sea. Close to the island are Turkey (in the north), Israel and Syria (in the east) and Egypt (in the south).

It is much easier to understand where Cyprus is located on the world map thanks to this interactive map(clickable):

Resort towns of Cyprus and their features.

The island of Cyprus has the main resort administrative centers, where most tourists come:

Nicosia

Nicosia is the capital of Cyprus. Moreover, it is divided by a buffer zone, and is the main city of both Southern and Northern Cyprus. Nicosia is one of the most ancient cities in the world, it dates back to the 7th century AD. On the territory of the Cypriot capital there are many historical buildings. Notable, for example, are the Hagia Sophia, Cathedral St. John, Famagusta Gate and various museums where you can trace the cultural history of Cyprus. And in the restaurants of Nicosia you can taste various dishes of the Balkan, Greek and Turkish cuisine. It is the mixture of national styles that is unique and remarkable in this ancient city.

Limassol

The name of the city of Limassol is translated as "middle city". It is located just between Larnaca and Paphos, where they are located. Therefore, it is convenient to get to it from any outskirts of the island. Limassol is the second largest city in Cyprus, therefore, it is also worth paying attention to. The center of Limassol is business-like, there are banks and offices, but closer to the coast, the resort spirit overtakes the tourist: in Limassol there is a beautiful promenade with a white promenade and tall palm trees on the sides. Limassol is also a great city for shopping and fun, as there are many clubs, amusement parks, a zoo,. Also, the city has the largest seaport. And next to Limassol, it is worth visiting Kourion - ancient city founded in the 12th century BC. Tourists love this place not only for the opportunity to plunge into the atmosphere of antiquity, but also for the beautiful photographs that are taken here.

Paphos is a city listed by UNESCO. It is no coincidence that here in the city you can find a large number of ancient buildings. Near the city there is an archaeological park where historical relics are collected. And it was in the vicinity of Paphos that Aphrodite appeared from the foam of the water. Near the city and inside it, a number of attractions are dedicated to this particular goddess. Paphos now justifies its name by the presence of rather expensive hotels and hotels compared to other cities in Cyprus. The beaches in the city are mostly rocky, but you can also find sandy ones. However, any of them is marked with a blue European flag for environmental friendliness. It is also pleasant to relax here: there are also cultural programs, there are also fun clubs, bars near the city's embankment, and during the day this same embankment is very beautiful place where you can see the port.

Larnaca itself, like any other popular resort town in Cyprus, is a great place to relax, where you can find both cultural attractions and just enjoy the pleasant climate, lying on the white sand of the coast next to the shallow sea. It is the latter factors that make Larnaca a favorite place for visiting parents with children. Near Larnaca there is a large ancient monastery of Stavrovouni. Also interesting to visit Salt Lake located in the vicinity. Young people love Ayia Napa, a city located in the Larnaca district. Ayia Napa is famous for its vibrant nightlife. Also, there is a beautiful Nissi beach, known for its white sand and gentle sea.

Each of the listed urban centers has a number of cultural places in its surroundings, therefore, in order to cover each attraction, it is best to rent a car in Cyprus and travel around the island on your own or buy Bus tours, visiting sights together with other interested people, as well as with a guide.

Every corner of Cyprus is worth visiting. It is also pleasant to relax here for adults with children who are interested in visiting historical and cultural places, relax in a warm climate next to the azure sea, and young people will also like clubs, bars, excursions to vineyards where national wine is made. Everyone will find here a place to be happy!

And finally, we invite you to watch a very interesting and dynamic video about Cyprus