Stateless person how to confirm. How foreign citizens and stateless persons can obtain a residence permit in the Russian Federation

A residence permit is a status for a foreign citizen or stateless person, giving the right to permanently reside in the country, freely leave and enter its territory. In Russia, a residence permit is issued for five years, but it can be renewed any number of times.

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A residence permit is issued as a separate document, which is also used as an identity card for a stateless person.

What gives a residence permit

A residence permit is the most convenient status for someone who wants to live in peace in a country without taking its citizenship. This document allows you to:

officially work in any region of the Russian Federation without registration;
freely choose a place of residence without prior approval from the Federal Migration Service;
receive a pension and

In addition, a residence permit is, in fact, the penultimate step before obtaining Russian citizenship.

To whom they give

The easiest way to get a residence permit in the Russian Federation:

citizens of the Republic of Belarus;
citizens of Turkmenistan and stateless persons residing in the territory of Turkmenistan and owning housing in our country;
highly qualified professionals and their families, as well as foreign citizens, recognized as native speakers of the Russian language in accordance with Article 33.1 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 N 62-FZ "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation";
persons who, as of July 1, 2002, had already been issued on the territory of Russia.

All the rest can get a residence permit only after they get a temporary residence permit and live on it in Russia for at least a year. At the same time, a temporary residence permit is issued within the quota approved by the government of the Russian Federation annually for each region. Outside the quota, a temporary residence permit can be issued:

Born in the territory of the RSFSR or the Russian Federation.
Disabled citizens with a capable child - a citizen of the Russian Federation.
Children of disabled parents (one or both) - citizens of the Russian Federation.
Spouses of citizens of the Russian Federation living in Russia.
Parents of minor citizens of the Russian Federation.
Parents of disabled or partially capable citizens of the Russian Federation.
Persons who have invested in the Russian economy amounts, the amount of which is established by the government of the Russian Federation.
Military personnel - for a period.
Participants of the State Program to Assist Voluntary Resettlement to Russia of Compatriots Living Abroad and Their Family Members Relocating Together with Them.
Minor children of all of the above, moving to the Russian Federation with their parents (, guardians).
Minor or incapacitated (limitedly capable) children - at the request of a parent (adoptive parent, guardian, custodian) - a citizen of the Russian Federation.
Incapacitated or partially capable children - for living together with a parent (adoptive parent, guardian, trustee) - a foreign citizen who has a temporary residence permit or a residence permit in the Russian Federation.

Who is not given

The reasons for refusal are formulated in Article 9 of the Federal Law "":

“A residence permit is not issued to a foreign citizen, and a previously issued residence permit is canceled if this foreign citizen:

advocates forcible change of the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation, by other actions creates a threat to the security of the Russian Federation or citizens of the Russian Federation;
finances, plans terrorist (extremist) acts, assists in the commission of such acts or commits them, as well as supports terrorist (extremist) activities by other actions;
subjected to administrative expulsion from the Russian Federation, deported or transferred by the Russian Federation to a foreign state in accordance with the international treaty of the Russian Federation on readmission;
submitted forged or forged documents or knowingly provided false information about himself;
convicted by a court verdict that has entered into legal force for committing a grave or especially grave crime or a crime, the recurrence of which is recognized as dangerous;
Andhas an outstanding or unexpunged conviction for committing a grave or especially grave crime on the territory of the Russian Federation or outside it, recognized as such in accordance with federal law;
repeatedly (two or more times) within one year was involved in administrative responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring the regime of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation;
cannot provide evidence of the ability to support himself and his family members in the Russian Federation within the subsistence level without resorting to state assistance, except in the case where a foreign citizen is recognized as incapacitated;
after the expiration of three years from the date of entry, does not have a dwelling in the Russian Federation on the grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
left the Russian Federation for a foreign state for permanent residence;
stays outside the Russian Federation for more than six months;
entered into a marriage with a citizen of the Russian Federation, which served as the basis for obtaining a residence permit, and this marriage was declared invalid by the court;
is a drug addict, or does not have a certificate of the absence of a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection), or suffers from one of the infectious diseases that pose a danger to others. The list of such diseases and the procedure for confirming their presence or absence are approved by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Readmission is the consent of the state to accept back into its territory its citizens (and, in some cases, foreigners who have previously been or lived in this state), who are subject to deportation from another state.

In addition, a residence permit is not issued to a foreign citizen, and the validity period of a previously issued residence permit cannot be extended or a previously issued residence permit is canceled if a decision is made in the prescribed manner on the undesirability of the stay (residence) of this foreign citizen in the Russian Federation. .

In addition, a citizen does not have the right to a residence permit if it was transferred by a foreign state of the Russian Federation in accordance with the international treaty of the Russian Federation on readmission.

Applying for a residence permit

Not later than six months before the expiration of the temporary residence permit, a foreign citizen or stateless person must apply to the body of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the authorized place of residence.

Foreign documents, copies of which you submit to obtain a residence permit, must be legalized in the prescribed manner or have. Documents for foreign language must have a notarized translation into Russian.

A capable adult foreign citizen submits an application in person. For incapacitated or minors, an application is submitted by one of the parents or other legal representatives.

To obtain a residence permit, a foreign citizen, as well as a citizen of the Republic of Belarus, submits to the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia:

Application for a residence permit in two copies on the form of the established form.
4 personal photographs, size 35 x 45 mm in black and white or color, with a clear image of the face from the front without a headdress. Stateless persons provide 2 photos. It is allowed to provide photographs in headdresses that do not hide the oval of the face by foreign citizens whose religious beliefs do not allow showing themselves to strangers without headdresses. For foreign citizens who constantly wear glasses, it is mandatory to take pictures in glasses without tinted glasses.
Identity and citizenship documents valid for at least 6 months.
A document confirming the existence of a legal source of livelihood that allows one to support oneself in Russia within the subsistence level, or a document confirming his disability (certificate of income of an individual, certificate of employment, pension certificate, confirmation of receipt of alimony, certificate of income of a person who is dependent on the applicant or another document confirming the receipt of income from activities not prohibited by law or disability).
A document confirming the availability of residential premises on the grounds provided for by the legislation of Russia (this may be property, housing of close relatives who are ready to accommodate you, or rent), if the information contained in it is not at the disposal of state bodies and local governments. Such a document is submitted by a foreign citizen applying after 3 years from the date of entry into our country.
A document issued by an authorized healthcare institution of the Russian Federation confirming the absence of drug addiction and infectious diseases that pose a danger to others, provided for in the list of infectious diseases that pose a danger to others and are the basis for refusing to issue or canceling a temporary residence permit for foreign citizens and persons without citizenship, or residence permit, or work permit in the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2003 No. 188.
Certificate of absence of disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
A document confirming the knowledge of the Russian language by this foreign citizen, knowledge of the history of Russia and the fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation. Such documents include:

certificate of proficiency in Russian, knowledge of the history of Russia and the fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation; a state document on education (at a level not lower than basic general education), issued by an educational institution on the territory of a state that was part of the USSR, before September 1, 1991;
a document on education and (or) qualifications issued to persons who have successfully passed the state final certification on the territory of the Russian Federation since September 1, 1991.

When applying for a temporary residence permit or a residence permit, the following are exempted from confirming their knowledge of the Russian language, knowledge of the history of Russia and the fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation:

1) incompetent foreign citizens or foreign citizens with limited legal capacity;

2) foreign citizens who have not reached the age of eighteen years;

3) foreign citizens - men who have reached the age of sixty-five years;

4) foreign citizens - women who have reached the age of sixty years;

5) foreign citizens who are participants in the State Program for Assistance in the Voluntary Resettlement to the Russian Federation of Compatriots Living Abroad, and members of their families relocating with them to the Russian Federation;

6) foreign citizens - highly qualified specialists and members of their families who applied for a residence permit;

7) foreign citizens who applied for a residence permit in connection with being recognized as native speakers of the Russian language in accordance with Article 33.1 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 62-FZ “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation”;

8) foreign citizens who are citizens of the Union State formed by the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

If the applicant and his relatives have different surnames, additional documents proving the relationship must be submitted.

To obtain a residence permit for a foreign citizen and a citizen of the Republic of Belarus, under 18 years of age, or a foreign citizen and a citizen of the Republic of Belarus who has reached the age of 18 and is recognized as incapable or limited in capacity, a parent, adoptive parent, guardian or trustee submits to the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in relation to these persons:

1. Application for a residence permit in two copies. https://mvd.rf/upload/site1/document_file/05_prilojenieN4_VG.pdf

2. 4 personal photographs, size 35 x 45 mm in black and white or color, with a clear image of the full face without a headdress. Stateless persons provide 2 photos.

3. Identity document.

4. Birth certificate, if the application is submitted by a parent.

5. A document in accordance with which a foreign citizen is recognized as incapacitated or limited in capacity, issued by the authorized body of a foreign state or the Russian Federation, if the application is submitted in respect of a foreign citizen recognized as incapacitated or limited in capacity.

6. Documents confirming the powers of the guardian or custodian.

7. A document issued by the authorized healthcare institution of the Russian Federation, confirming the absence of drug addiction and infectious diseases that pose a danger to others, as specified in the list.

8. Certificate of absence of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection).

9. A document confirming the existence of a legal source of livelihood in the Russian Federation within the subsistence level, allowing the maintenance of a foreign citizen in respect of whom the application is being submitted, or a document confirming the applicant's incapacity for work (certificate of income of an individual, certificate of employment, pension certificate , confirmation of the receipt of alimony, a certificate of income of the person who is dependent on the applicant, a patent with a document confirming the payment of personal income tax in the form of a fixed advance payment in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, another document confirming receipt income from activities not prohibited by law or disability).

10. A document confirming the existence of a dwelling on the grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, if the information contained in it is not at the disposal of state bodies and local governments.

Documents required for issuing a residence permit for participants in the State Program to Assist Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation of Compatriots Living Abroad:

an application in the form, links to which are given above;
4 personal photographs that meet the conditions above;
documents proving the identity and citizenship of the applicant himself and his children included in the application;
temporary residence permit;
certificate of the participant of the State program.

When accepting an applicant who is a stateless person, digital photography is carried out, as well as scanning of papillary patterns of the index fingers of a stateless person who has reached the age of 12 years.

Examination of an application for a residence permit

The application is considered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation no more than 6 months from the date of submission of the application. After that, a decision is made on issuing or refusing to issue a residence permit.

The application of a participant in the State Program to Assist Voluntary Resettlement to the Russian Federation of Compatriots Living Abroad is considered for no more than 2 months.

The refusal can be challenged in court.

Registration and issuance of a residence permit

After a positive decision is made, you need to appear at the territorial body of the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the permitted place of temporary residence to obtain a document.

Each citizen over the age of 14 is issued a separate document, young children fit into the residence permit of both parents or a single parent.

In addition, photos of all minor children, regardless of age, are pasted into parental documents.

For the issuance of a document, you will have to pay a state duty - 2000 rubles.

Extension of the validity of a residence permit

A residence permit is issued to a foreign citizen for five years. Upon the expiration of the residence permit, this period, upon the application of a foreign citizen, submitted to the territorial body of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia no later than two months before the expiration of the validity of his residence permit, may be extended for five years. The number of renewals of the residence permit is not limited. This requires the following documents:

1. Application for the extension of the validity of a residence permit (Appendix No. 6 to the said Administrative Regulations) in one copy. https://mvd.rf/upload/site1/document_file/08_prilojenieN6_VG.pdf

2. An identity document.

3. Residence permit.

4. 4 personal photographs, size 35 x 45 mm in black and white or color, with a clear image of the full face without a headdress. Stateless persons provide 2 photographs, including photographs of children entered in the residence permit (when extending the residence permit of a foreign citizen by issuing a new residence permit due to the lack of free pages for making an entry on the extension).

For the extension of the type of non-residence, you will also have to pay a state duty of 2000 rubles

Registration at the place of residence or stay and notification of the arrival of a foreign citizen or stateless person at the place of stay

After obtaining a residence permit, you are required to register at the place of residence and registration.

Living in Russia with a residence permit, a foreign citizen is obliged to annually submit to the Main Department of Internal Affairs at the place of obtaining a residence permit a notification confirming his residence in the country. This can be done in person or by mail.

If you do not do this, you can be held administratively liable in accordance with article.

Citizenship refers to a stable relationship between a country and a person. In exchange for protection, various freedoms and rights, a person pays taxes to the state, serves in the army and honors the letter of the law. According to the latest amendments to the legislation, today it has become possible to obtain Russian citizenship by a stateless person.

Every individual, even those who do not have citizenship, can become a full member of our state. To do this, he needs to go through several stages. People in the process often encounter serious difficulties, and the situation seems to them a dead end. In order to avoid unnecessary fuss and anxieties, persons wishing to receive Russian citizenship, it is recommended to enlist the support of a highly qualified lawyer.

So says the law

According to the existing legislation, foreigners and stateless persons permanently residing in Russia can now become citizens of our state through a simplified procedure. They have the right to submit an application form for admission to citizenship without meeting the requirements for the period of stay in Russia. In doing so, applicants undertake to follow the following rules:

The presence of at least one parent - a citizen of the Russian state (he must permanently reside in the territory of our country).
The presence of citizenship of any country that was previously part of the USSR.
Availability higher education obtained at a Russian university after 07/01/2002.

Step forward

In 2014, the dream of many citizens of the countries came true former USSR, longing for the times when the country was "common and immense." At the meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation, held on March 06, 2014, a draft of a new federal law was considered. According to this project, those foreigners and stateless persons who are native speakers of the Russian language can count on a simplified procedure for submitting documents.

Also, highly qualified specialists, those citizens who once graduated from Soviet universities, and persons who have worked in the territory of the Russian Federation for at least 3 years, can also submit documents in a simplified manner.
According to the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, the recognition of foreigners and stateless persons as carriers state language will be carried out by members of a special commission. The final verdict will be made after an interview with the applicants. Each person who successfully passed the interview will be able to obtain a special visa to enter the territory of the Russian state. After that, he will be able to issue a residence permit. For this, the applicant does not need to obtain a temporary residence permit.

This is how a residence permit for foreigners and stateless persons looks like

The deadline for making a final decision on the applications of this category of persons is today 90 working days. The most important condition for admission to citizenship of the Russian Federation is the renunciation of previous citizenship.
According to statistics provided by the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation, a little more than half a million citizens of Kyrgyzstan and other former Soviet republics have become Russian citizens to date.
Many "native" Russians are skeptical about this innovation. In their opinion, today, when the level of the terrorist threat is higher than ever, allowing citizens of the Asian republics to become subjects of the Russian Federation under a simplified procedure is not quite the right decision.

Memo to those wishing to become citizens of the Russian Federation

Obtaining the citizenship of the Russian state for a person who is a stateless person is a rather delicate process. There are many complex and controversial situations. In general, the instruction for obtaining Russian citizenship for persons in this category is represented by three stages:

Confirmation of the fact of residence on the territory of the Russian state for a five-year period.
Belonging to one of the preferential categories.
Providing a package of necessary documents to the territorial office of the Federal Migration Service.

Stage one

This stage, which is necessary for obtaining Russian citizenship, is primarily relevant for persons without citizenship. Staying on the territory of the Russian state is considered continuous only when a person has not left the state for more than 90 days every year for a five-year period.
The period of residence can be counted from the completion of the registration procedure at the location. Do not ignore the procedure for obtaining this important information. Also, a person who wants to take Russian citizenship undertakes to confirm the fact of legal employment and good command of the state language.

Sometimes the period of five years of residence is reduced to 12 months or even removed. This is relevant for:

persons who have distinguished themselves before the state by special merits;
persons with high achievements in the scientific, technical and cultural fields;
people whose professional activities are of interest to the state;
persons in need of protection from persecution;
persons with refugee status;
contracted employees (the term of service must be at least three years).

Stage two

The following people are eligible for citizenship without a five-year residence period:

born in the USSR and who did not receive citizenship of any of the sovereign states after its collapse;
having a disabled child who is a citizen of the Russian state (the second parent must also be disabled or absent);
disabled persons who are dependents of citizens of the Russian Federation;
legally married to subjects of the Russian state (more than three years);
who are WWII veterans.

Stage three

A stateless person who wishes to obtain Russian citizenship undertakes to come to the territorial division of the Federal Migration Service and submit the following documents:

passport (it can be replaced by any other certifying document);
application form in two copies;
two high-quality photographs;
a receipt certifying payment of the state fee;
a certificate certifying citizenship of the Soviet Union in the past (passport of the USSR);
WWII document.

Also employees of the Federal Migration Service may be asked to provide other documents. The list of references needs to be clarified in advance.

Features of the simplified procedure

In the list of persons wishing to obtain Russian citizenship in a simplified

citizens of Kyrgyzstan, the Kazakh state and Belarus;
members of the Compatriot program;
owners of an individual enterprise that has been operating on the territory of the Russian state for at least three years (annual profit must be at least 1 million rubles);
persons capable of investing in the economy (the share of the contribution is from 10%).

How to obtain citizenship for a stateless person?

Citizenship is one of the most important characteristics of a person. It determines which country a person is a resident of, and also gives a citizen a lot of rights when staying in a country of which he is a citizen. Citizenship of the Russian Federation is no different from any other - residents of the Russian Federation with the status of a citizen have the right to live, work, receive assistance in public services and much more.

However, not everyone who lives in Russia has citizenship. These are either citizens of foreign states residing in the Russian Federation temporarily, or stateless people- stateless persons. The status of a stateless person is very interesting from a legal point of view, since it both gives some rights and restricts a person quite strongly. In this article, we will talk about how a stateless person can apply for all Required documents and become a full citizen of the Russian Federation.

Not every person who does not have the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation is recognized as a stateless person. Thus, stateless citizens of a foreign state who arrived from abroad in the Russian Federation have the status of a “foreign citizen”, which gives both certain rights and obligations. Also, a person who fled from his homeland for some reason is not recognized as a stateless person - in Russia such a person can enjoy some special advantages.

Thus, a stateless person is individual, which, due to some circumstances, does not have citizenship at all. In total there are five categories of stateless persons:

not yet granted citizenship. A newly born child will not, in fact, be a citizen until his citizenship is confirmed by his very first document - a birth certificate. However, due to the fact that the certificate is issued almost immediately, the newborn is considered a stateless person in a matter of hours. It is quite another matter if his parents are also considered stateless. In this case, the child will receive citizenship after the birth certificate is issued;
Relinquished citizenship. The procedure for renunciation of citizenship is very common when moving to another country. If the law does not allow double citizenship, the departing person will have to hand over all his documents and thus obtain the status of a "stateless person", which will allow him to freely move to another country;
Forcibly deprived of citizenship. A very rare category of people whom the state has deprived of their status for one reason or another. As a rule, such citizens are almost immediately deported from the country, and their citizenship will no longer be restored;
Foreigners deprived of their citizenship in connection with any violations. Violations that may lead to deprivation of citizenship may include the provision of forged documents, fictitious marriage with a citizen of the Russian Federation, errors in filling out applications, and so on. As it is right, this type of deprivation of citizenship can be appealed in court;
Persons who lost their citizenship as a result of the disappearance of the country. Oddly enough, there are a lot of such people. For example, a huge number of people lost their citizenship when the USSR disappeared. Now there are not very many such individuals, and they can obtain citizenship in a simplified manner.

Rights of stateless persons and their obligations

As mentioned earlier, the status of "Stateless Person" has some features that distinguish it from refugees, foreigners or citizens of the Russian Federation. However, a stateless person has all the most basic rights that the Constitution provides. That is, he can seek medical help, write statements to law enforcement agencies and much more.

The problems associated with statelessness begin first and foremost in everyday life. Thus, stateless persons cannot hold certain positions that impose certain responsibility on a person or official duties. Also, stateless persons may face a problem with official employment, as the employer requires a package of documents that a stateless person simply does not have. For the same reason, a stateless person may have difficulty placing a child in a school or kindergarten.

The duties of a stateless person are not particularly different from the duties of an ordinary citizen - he is also obliged to pay taxes and comply with applicable law. Additional obligations are imposed on a stateless person in the event that he nevertheless decides to become a citizen of the Russian Federation. They will depend on how exactly a person receives citizenship.

Acquisition of citizenship by a stateless person

If a stateless person has decided, then he will need to go through a very complex procedure, consisting of four steps:

Establishing the identity of an individual;
Registration of a temporary residence permit;
Registration of a residence permit;
Obtaining the status of a citizen.

It is important

The procedure for obtaining citizenship should be carried out in a strict manner and, at the first difficulties, contact specialists from the FMS (especially if you do not have enough papers). If the FMS could not help you, then contact a citizenship lawyer for a free consultation.

Identification of a natural person

The procedure for obtaining citizenship begins with a very important step - determining the identity. This procedure involves the submission of documents that are proof of identity. It can be any foreign documents, a birth certificate, an old invalid passport.

However, the applicant does not always have such documents. In this case, the stateless person will need the assistance of the Federal Migration Service. The methods of identification are very diverse - from examination by fingerprints to a request to foreign countries to provide copies of documents.

The procedure itself is as follows:

A stateless person submits a minimum package of documents to the FMS office: an identity card, a registration document, a detailed biography, a receipt for payment of fees;
An employee of the Federal Migration Service conducts a survey and fills out the necessary questionnaires;
All information collected is verified. The check itself is quite lengthy, since you have to make a lot of requests. At the same time, its terms can be extended due to the fact that a stateless person can be called to the FMS department for additional consultations. However, the verification period cannot exceed three months;
A stateless person is issued a document that is a temporary replacement for the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

Getting a TRP

The issuance of an identity card, which is a replacement for the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, is the first step to start obtaining citizenship. As soon as a stateless person has this document, he can start issuing a temporary residence permit. To do this, he must contact the Federal Migration Service at the place of arrival.

Obtaining a TRP for a stateless person who has issued a temporary replacement of a passport will be quite simple, since he will already have all the documents in his hands. To obtain a residence permit, you will also need to provide:

Medical certificate confirming the absence of HIV;
Two 3 x 4 photos (which in most cases can be taken directly at the FMS office;
A document confirming the right of a citizen to stay on the territory of the Russian Federation;
Receipt of payment of the fee ( 1600 rubles).

The documents will be received, checked and, if no problems are found, the stateless person will receive a temporary residence permit. It imposes one important obligation on the recipient - it must be renewed every year. Otherwise, it will be canceled and the stateless person will be deported. At the same time, an individual who has received a temporary residence permit receives the opportunity of official employment in the region where he has issued a temporary residence permit.

Obtaining a residence permit

As soon as a stateless person lives on the RVP for one year, he has the full right to. This is an analogue of the RVP, which gives all the same rights. However, it does not need to be re-registered every year. At the same time, the presence of a residence permit is a prerequisite for obtaining a passport in the future. Therefore, it should be drawn up as soon as possible.

The procedure for obtaining a residence permit is significantly different from obtaining a TRP. Although the documents and the method of submitting them will not differ much from the documents for the RVP, those wishing to obtain a residence permit will need to pass an exam for knowledge of the Russian language. It includes a written part and an oral part, and takes place in three stages. After passing the exam and verifying documents, a stateless person can obtain a residence permit.

Citizenship

The final stage is obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation. To obtain citizenship status, the following conditions must be met:

The applicant for citizenship must have official income;
The applicant for citizenship must have a residence permit;
The applicant for citizenship must speak and write fluently in Russian;
An applicant for citizenship must live in Russia for five years.

If all conditions are met, then you can proceed to obtaining citizenship. To get started, you will need to collect and submit the following documents:

Standard passport photos, 4 pieces;
Copies of all available RVP and residence permit (certification by a notary is required);
Birth certificate;
Document on the availability of education;
Medical certificate confirming the absence of HIV;
A document confirming the fact of knowledge of the Russian language (certificate of the state test);
Receipt of payment of the fee ( 3500 rubles).

After that, the procedure for checking all these documents begins. It is worth warning that it is very long - its maximum limit is one year. However, after all the documents are received, the stateless person receives a passport and becomes a full citizen of the Russian Federation.

When can I get citizenship under the simplified scheme?

When can I get citizenship under a simplified scheme?

There are three types of stateless persons who have. This:

Officially recognized native speakers of the Russian language;
Citizens who studied in the USSR;
Citizens of the former USSR;
Persons married to citizens of the Russian Federation for more than three years;
Persons who have close relatives on the territory of the Russian Federation who have citizenship.

For such citizens, they will not need to live in Russia for more than five years - six months will be enough. In this case, you may only need a TRP, a document confirming your right to simplified citizenship, as well as confirmation that you speak Russian. However, you will also need to pay all necessary government fees and provide the necessary certificates.

Please note that citizens from these categories undergo document verification for obtaining citizenship in an accelerated mode - they will be able to receive their passport in 3-6 months.

Alexander Eremeev

Experience as a lawyer - since 2005. Graduated from the Moscow State Open University with honors. Private practice, specialization - migration and civil law.

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Such a category of residents of the state as a “stateless person” today constitutes a rather wide circle of people who, on the one hand, cannot enjoy all the rights of ordinary citizens, and on the other hand, must obey the current legislation. At the same time, they retain all human rights, but the privileges of a citizen are significantly curtailed.

From the standpoint of jurisprudence, we can say that stateless persons are residents of a country who do not have citizenship of any of the states known on the world map. At the same time, absolutely any person can fall into the category of so-called stateless persons on a voluntary basis or due to some insurmountable circumstances.

Possible reasons

It would be useful to know what could be the reason that a newborn inhabitant of the planet will not receive civil status or will lose it at a more conscious age:

a stateless person is called so when he is born from stateless parents, if at the same time the law of the soil does not apply in the country of his birth, and he does not automatically become its citizen. This case occurs most often;
in case of voluntary renunciation of citizenship to any state. When the procedure for renunciation of citizenship is completed, the applicant is required to surrender his passport, which immediately classifies him as stateless. Usually people stay in this position for a short period of time, and therefore they can be considered temporary stateless, since after leaving one citizenship they immediately seek to enter another. More about changing citizenship;
Another way to become stateless is to lose it. Most often, the reason for this is the desire of the state to protect its inhabitants from a dangerous individual, whose presence in society can pose a threat to life and health. The usual consequence of such a decision is expulsion from the country. Read more about expulsion;
as a result of revealing the fact of fictitiousness of the main legal procedures. A striking example is a fictitious marriage. In this case, the violator is not only deprived of his civil status, but also of all the privileges that he bestows;
there is a fairly well-known way to obtain the status of a stateless person due to the disappearance of a state with political map peace. An illustrative example is the collapse of the Soviet Union into several independent states, each of which provided residents of their regions with the opportunity to go through the procedure for entering a new citizenship automatically, according to a simplified scheme. But even today there are still people who have not changed their Soviet passport for a certificate of a citizen of one of the former republics. And since the country that issued them the Soviet-style document no longer exists, they can rightfully be considered stateless.

At the same time, the international convention states that refugees cannot be included in the category of “stateless people”.

What rights can stateless persons enjoy?

Despite the lack of a clear civil status, most countries still do not try to deprive such residents of the basic rights that citizens of the state can enjoy. A few restrictions include:

inability to participate in elections;
hold important positions in state structures;
to serve in the military.

As for the positions held, this list is actually not limited to only bureaucratic positions. Stateless persons cannot become aircraft pilots or captains sea vessels. As for their universal human rights, in this respect they do not experience any discrimination from the side of the law. For example, they can equally receive education, use medical services or realize their professional potential in the specialty they have received.

According to the laws of the Russian Federation

Speaking specifically about the Russian Federation, in our country the rights of stateless persons are limited by the inability to participate in political associations and parties. In addition, they cannot hold positions that involve keeping secrets. By special order, the authorities may at any time impose restrictions on their internal movements.

On the other hand, a stateless person can safely travel abroad Russian border but only for a strictly limited period of time. Moreover, when applying for a job in some rare specialty, a stateless person will be given preference over an ordinary citizen if the latter does not have the necessary diploma and stock of knowledge.

At the same time, the Russian state is distinguished by its special loyalty to residents with this status, which cannot be said about other countries. What does a stateless person mean, for example, in the USA? This is not a fully-fledged member of society with rather curtailed rights.

It should be noted that the procedure for expanding their rights by stateless persons is complicated by bureaucratic formalities and the imperfection of laws. So, in order to obtain the status of a temporary resident of the country, it is necessary to present a migration card, which stateless people do not have. For its part, this makes it impossible to obtain a residence permit and move on to further stages of legalization. Kind of a vicious circle.

Thus, in many respects, the position of these residents of the country resembles the status of foreigners who are also not endowed with Russian citizenship.

What can confirm the identity of a stateless person

As a rule, a person who does not have any citizenship does not have the usual documents for other citizens - a passport and a certificate issued at birth. It is quite logical to assume that there must be some other papers that can still verify the identity of the bearer. These include:

a document that is an identity card, but was issued in another country;
permission to temporarily stay in this state;
resident card;
any other document that has received official recognition on the territory of the Russian state. For example, certificate d'apatrid.

It is obligatory for a stateless person to have a document that could confirm his identity.

An exhaustive description of the rights and obligations of stateless persons can be found in Article 109 of the Law on Migration Registration.

How to get a Russian passport for a stateless person

The path of legalization of stateless persons in the Russian Federation is not easy and is particularly long. In order to replace a stateless person's passport with a Russian one, it is necessary to meet a number of requirements:

have a source of legal income;
not be judged;
live in the Russian Federation for several years legally.

Having found out the name of a person without citizenship or citizenship, let's move on to the question of how the process of his naturalization in Russian society will look like.

The process can be divided into several stages:

migration registration;
registration;
getting a passport.

The legalization procedure is carried out in the general order - through the departments migration service. Before proceeding to any of the above steps, the service staff will certainly verify the identity of the applicant. In particular, whether he was expelled from the country.

Separate consideration requires obtaining the status of a stateless person by residents of Crimea who intend to change their Ukrainian passport to a Russian one. According to a special order, all persons who lived on the peninsula at the time of recognition of Crimea as Russian territory could automatically obtain Russian citizenship. Today, citizens of Ukraine, including stateless persons, must confirm the presence of a residence permit in the Crimean territory and go through the standard legalization procedure, albeit in a simplified manner, bypassing the stage of permanent residence.

Today, stateless persons are a large group of people in the Russian Federation, whose rights and freedoms are described in the article of the legislation N 109 - FZ "O". Stateless persons are individuals who do not have the status of a citizen of any country. Despite the fact that stateless persons are not recognized as full citizens, they are obliged to obey the current legislation of the host country. Stateless persons (or stateless persons, as they are often referred to in narrow circles) are endowed with all human rights, but still do not enjoy the basic privileges of a full citizen.

Reasons for the lack of citizenship status for stateless persons

Law N 109 - FZ describes in detail the issues of migration in Russia. Almost every legal entity that has become a victim of circumstances can become stateless. You can be in such a position both voluntarily and against your will. And in order to avoid such a situation, it is necessary to know the main reasons why an individual may not receive citizenship at birth or lose it at a conscious age.

At birth. If a child is born to two stateless parents, in most cases he is ordered to become stateless. This is the most common reason for the appearance of stateless people. This rule does not work only in cases where the country has the right of the soil, thanks to which a person can receive citizenship by birthright.
With a deliberate refusal to obtain citizenship. If an individual voluntarily renounces the status of a citizen of a certain country, upon completion of all formalities, such documents as a passport and birth certificate are confiscated from him - after that, this person automatically becomes stateless. This category is often referred to as "temporary" stateless persons, since immediately after the refusal they seek to obtain the citizenship of another country. Stateless persons from this category in most cases want to have two passports at once, but due to legal restrictions, they have to renounce their previous citizenship.
In the process of deprivation of citizenship. Often the state forcibly deprives an individual of citizenship, motivating this necessary measures maintaining national security, etc. Usually, immediately after such a procedure, a stateless person is expelled from the country.
In the process of deprivation of all privileges based on a certain legal process. In most cases, this is exposure, after which the provision of legislation on a “void transaction” immediately comes into force - all transactions and legal statuses accompanying marriage are canceled.
With the disappearance of the state. The most striking example is the collapse of the USSR. Usually former countries The USSR issued bills allowing stateless persons to obtain new citizenship under a simplified scheme, but even under such circumstances, many citizens of the former USSR still do not have a valid passport.

Oddly enough, but a citizen of the former USSR is also called a stateless person, and not every state seeks to provide him with his passport. Even in Russia, a country that is rightfully considered the successor to most of the territories of the former USSR, former Soviet citizens have some problems obtaining a passport. Yes, in some cases, a simplified scheme for obtaining a passport is provided for residents of the former Union, but this is far from a solution to the problem.

For example, the most important document for issuing a temporary residence permit is a valid migration card, on which border or migration officials have made certain marks. Not every representative of the former USSR has such a document, so a certain legal vacuum is created, which creates considerable problems for stateless people.

Legal status of a stateless person

Separate consideration requires the legal capacity of foreign citizens and stateless persons. In most countries, stateless people have a full legal status and can enjoy almost all rights, except the right to participate in elections, run for high-ranking public office and serve in the army. In addition, the legal status of a stateless person does not make it possible to hold some positions that are not related to politics - for example, to become a crew commander on an aircraft. In other aspects, a person deprived of citizenship is accepted for general provisions- can receive education and work under the conditions of official employment.