Its area with the islands, according to Strelbitsky, is 9751.1 km2
Lake Onega elongated along the north-north-west line and its greatest length between the Black Sands in the south and the mouth of the Kumsa in the north reaches 220 km, and maximum width from Logm-lake to Pudozhsky churchyard - 86 km. The height of the lake is about 45 m. According to the nature of the structure, Lake Onega can be divided into two parts by a line running from Petrozavodsk to the mouth of the Vodla River. The entire southern part of the lake is one vast basin with a slightly winding coastline, while the northern part has the character of skerries: here the lake branches into many narrow and long bays, maintaining a general direction from north-northwest to south-southeast. This nature of the shores significantly increases the length of the coastline of the lake, reaching up to 1,280 kilometers.
The shores of Lake Onega are mostly elevated. In its northern and western parts are covered, the southern part of the banks is low and especially near the mouth of the Vytegra River. The eastern shore in the southern and middle parts is sandy, formed by the deposits of the lake itself; three terraces can be traced inland here; further north, the eastern shore of the lake becomes elevated and composed of hard rocks. The nature of the structure of the northwestern part of the lake, with its narrow bays, elongated from the northwest to the southeast and separated by the same narrow and long ridges, serves as one of the confirmations of the spread of an extensive cover here during the ice age.
Lake Onega in Medvezhyegorsk
Lake Onega receives a number of tributaries, of which the most significant flow into it from the southeast and east - these are the Vodla, Andoma and Vytegra rivers. Taking, in addition, many more rivers and streams that serve as the sources of a whole mass of lakes surrounding Lake Onega, the latter forms a vast water basin, occupying up to 58,328 sq. kilometers. The only source of all this mass of water is the Svir River, which flows out of the southwestern end of the lake and flows into Ladoga, entering, together with the latter, into the system of the Neva river basin. Lake Onega, occupying an intermediate position between and could play a big role in the internal waterway between and if there was a navigable connection with the latter.
Coastline differs sharply in character in its southern and northern parts. As already mentioned above, in the first part the coasts are slightly indented and there are no deeply protruding bays. On the contrary, the northern and northeastern parts of the lake are replete with bays, and, just as it is seen in Ladoga. A particularly large tortuosity of the coastline begins at Petrozavodsk and ends at Povenets. All the most significant bays are located along this stretch of the coast; of these, the most notable are the following six:
To the north-west of Petrozavodsk, a vast bay of the same name stretches, which, together with Lake Logmo, which forms its continuation, reaches 17 km. length; at the entrance it has about 7 km. width; near the entrance there are several islands from the south and from the north.
Further north is a large bay Kondopazhskaya, extending deep into the mainland for 30 km. The width of the entrance is about 7 km, but it narrows to 5 km. the island of Suisari. Like the Petrozavodsk Bay, Kondopazhskaya Bay also has lakes as its continuation, stretched in that direction. The Suna River flows into the western part of the bay, on which the famous Kivach waterfall flows.
Lizhma Bay- a narrow and long bay, jutting out into the mainland for 35 kilometers; its width at the entrance is about 5 km., in some places it narrows to several hundred meters between the islands, of which there are quite a lot. The river Lizhma flows into it.
Unitskaya Bay, up to 45 km long. and a width of 6 km. up to several hundred meters. Guba is occupied by a whole archipelago of islands.
Guba Velikaya, jutting out for 20 kilometers into the Zaonezhie peninsula; the width at the entrance to the bay reaches 9-10 km. Several islands are located in the southwestern wider part.
Povenets Bay- this is the name of the entire north-eastern part of the lake, separating the Zaonezhie peninsula from the mainland. Its greatest width is opposite the city of Povenets, where it reaches 20 km. Three more very narrow and long bays (up to 20 km long, 2 km wide and less) separate from this bay, extending far into the northeastern part of the Zaonezhie peninsula.
Peninsulas and islands. Due to the long and narrow bays of the northwestern part of the lake, there is no shortage of peninsulas, of which the most significant lies between the Unitskaya Bay and the Povenetsky Bay. Its length, counting from the top of the Unitskaya Bay, is up to 70 km, and its maximum width is up to 32 km. The width of the isthmus connecting it with the mainland is about 10 km. In addition to the Great Bay and three others, separated from the Povenets Bay, the interior of the peninsula is cut by several more narrow and long lakes, stretched parallel to all the bays of this part of the lake.
There are many islands, but they are all located in its northern part: the largest of them is Klimetsky, at the southeastern tip of Zaonezhye. It is about 24 km long. and about 7 km wide. Of the others are remarkable: Kizh, Kerk, Deer, Sennogubsky, Suisari. Some islands, especially Klimets, are quite densely populated.
Onega lake. Great Guba
According to the works, the line is 21 meters deep, following, in general, quite close to the outline of the shores, and is significantly removed from them at the southwestern tip of the lake. Then this line completely leaves aside: the Unitskaya Bay, the strait between the island of Klimetsky and Zaonezhie, the Velikaya Bay and the middle part of the Povenets Bay. Inside this isobath, in the northern part of the southern, wide half of the lake, a vast area is occupied by a basin with depths of 9–12 meters, in the middle of which there are several places with depths reaching 14.2–14.5 meters.
The greatest depths are found north of the line Petrozavodsk - the mouth of the Vodla River. Here is the greatest depth of 124 m. And further to the north there are several more depressions with depths of 111, 115.5 and even 132.5 meters. These depths are located between Zaonezhie and the mainland. It should be noted that all with the greatest depths, both in the northern and southern parts of the lake, are elongated along the direction characteristic of Lake Onega from the north-north-west to the south-south-east. Then significant depths are still found in the northernmost tip of the Povenets Bay, where they reach up to 92.4 meters.
Water level and current. The correct annual fluctuations in the level of Lake Onega are insignificant: the largest level difference measured so far (in 20 years) is 1.8 meters. These studies did not show the existence of any regular currents in the lake. In the middle, pelagic part, they depend on the direction of the blowers, taking on a constant character of the current only at the mouths of the rivers flowing into the lake and against the mouth of the Svir River - the source of the lake.
Opening and freezing. There are very few observations on this issue: at Ascension, the average opening occurs on May 5, at Petrozavodsk, too, and freezing at Ascension on December 22, at Petrozavodsk on November 26. The average number of days of ice-free surface for the first point is 231, for the second - 205. In winter, the lake is covered with a continuous ice cover, along which there is communication across the lake. The duration of navigation is, of course, somewhat less than the number of ice-free days.
Lake Onega can be attributed to the treasures of Karelia, which attracts thousands of tourists from different cities.
Lake Onega is the second largest freshwater lake in Europe. Its other name sounds like Onego, which is no coincidence. There are several opinions about the reasons for the appearance of the name. From the point of view of scientists, the reservoir got its name from the river flowing next to it. Another opinion is due to the fact that in the area where the reservoir is located, there are often fogs, and therefore, it received the name Onego - translated from the ancient Finnish, smoking lake. About 1000 rivers flow into Lake Onega, and only one flows out - the Svir.
Its area is approximately 9.9 thousand square meters. km. Depth varies in different areas. In the northern part, the depth is 127 m, and closer to the south it is only 20-30 m. In the spring, Lake Onega is characterized by a rise in water, which lasts for 1.5-2 months. Storms are frequent. The weather is unpredictable, calm can instantly change into a storm. In some parts of the lake, the water is so clear that it can be seen to a depth of 8 m. The water is of high quality.
Lake Onega is especially popular among fishermen. Which is not at all surprising, because it is famous for its fish wealth. Various fish live in it, including valuable commercial ones, such as trout, salmon. In total, 47 species of fish live in the reservoir. In addition, in the mouths of some tributaries of Lake Onega, there is a bivalve mollusk that forms pearls the size of a pea. In search of a precious ball, pearl divers come to the pond, but finding a pearl is not a small effort.
Lake Onega is very surprising with its shape, shore structure, complex bottom topography, water quality, picturesque bays, mesmerizing sunsets and dawns. Sunsets and sunrises are especially mesmerizing. The shores are mostly sandy, but there are also rocky and even swampy shores. In the middle of the lake there are a lot of islands, in total there are about 1500 islands, among which there are wild ones, covered with dense forests, some of the islands are inhabited by people.
Lake Onega is a lake in the northwest of the European part Russian Federation, located on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. The second largest lake in Europe after Ladoga. Belongs to the Baltic Sea basin Atlantic Ocean. The area of \u200b\u200bthe lake without islands is 9690 km 2, and with islands - 9720 km 2; the volume of water mass - 285 km 3; length from south to north - 245 km, maximum width - 91.6 km. Average depth- 30 m, and the maximum - 127 m. The cities of Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Medvezhyegorsk are located on the shores of Lake Onega. About 50 rivers flow into Lake Onega, and only one flows out - the Svir.
The average depth of the lake is 31 m, the maximum depth in the deepest northern part of the lake reaches 127 m. The average depth in the central part is 50-60 m, closer to the south the bottom rises to 20-30 m. bottom depressions. In the northern part of the lake there are many troughs, alternating with high bottom rises, forming banks, on which industrial trawlers often fish. Much of the bottom is covered with silt. Typical forms are luds (shallow-water rocky shoals), selgas (deep-water elevations of the bottom with rocky and sandy soils, in the southern part of the lake), underwater ridges and ridges, as well as depressions and pits. Such a relief creates favorable conditions for the life of fish. The regime of Lake Onega is characterized by a spring rise in water, which lasts 1.5-2 months, with an annual water level amplitude of up to 0.9-1 m. The flow from the lake is regulated by the Verkhnesvirskaya hydroelectric power station. Rivers bring up to 74% of the incoming part of the water balance (15.6 km 3 per year), 25% falls on precipitation. 84% of the expenditure part of the water balance falls on the runoff from the lake along the Svir River (an average of 17.6 km 3 per year), 16% - on evaporation from the water surface. Highest Levels lake waters in June - August, lower - in March - April. There are frequent unrest, storm waves reach up to 2.5 m in height. The lake freezes in the central part in mid-January, in the coastal part and in the bays - in late November - December. At the end of April, the mouths of the tributaries are opened, open part lakes - in May. The water in the open deep parts of the lake is transparent, with visibility up to 7-8 m. In the bays it is slightly less, up to one meter or less. The water is fresh, with a mineralization of 10 mg/l.
Attractions
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Onego - so in ancient times they called a vast body of water in the north-west of Russia. Lake Onega, fascinating with its beauty, spreads over the expanses of Karelia, the Leningrad and Vologda regions. This is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe, inferior in scale only to its neighbor - the majestic Ladoga. The area of Lake Onega is slightly less than 10,000 sq. km, and its length from south to north reaches about 250 km. The environs of Onego amaze with their diversity: the northern shores are rocky, indented by deep bays; the southern half, on the contrary, is solid, with low-lying and swampy areas; the eastern shore is formed by sandy deposits. The lake is famous for its numerous reserved places, unusually clean and transparent water, and excellent fishing. On the banks of the Onego, inhabited since ancient times, many historical monuments have been preserved. All together - magnificent nature and rich historical and cultural heritage - make this amazing northern region incredibly attractive for tourists at any time of the year.
Museum, Landmark, Monument of architecture
The lands adjacent to Lake Onega were called Obonezhie in the old days. From time immemorial, the names of its individual territories have also arisen. Thus, the region, which includes a huge peninsula in the north of the lake and the islands adjacent to it, became widely known as Zaonezhye. This is one of the most beautiful places Karelia, a unique historical, cultural and natural landscape space.
The Kizhi skerries are rightfully considered the pearl, or rather the pearls of Zaonezhie. This is the name of the archipelago, which includes about 500 islands. with total area 560 sq. km. Here the lake branches into many narrow and long bays, surrounding islands of various shapes and sizes, and together forming a complex unique labyrinth. The entire space of the archipelago is a protected area. About 700 species of plants grow on the islands, which is almost 2/3 of the entire flora of Karelia. Various waterfowl, including rare species, live on the territory of the Kizhi skerries.
The largest island of the natural complex is Bolshoi Klimetsky, its area is 147 sq. km. The Kizhi skerries system also includes tiny islands, which are flat stones that barely rise above the water. But the island of Kizhi has become a world celebrity of the archipelago, on the territory of which the most valuable historical and architectural ensemble is located, including monuments of Russian ancient wooden architecture. Visiting this protected corner of the planet is comparable to traveling in a time machine
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Another exceptional object of the Kizhi archipelago is the South Oleniy Island, located 12 km from the Kizhi pier. The area of the island is only 75 hectares. However, it was here that the largest Mesolithic cemetery in Northern Europe was discovered - over 170 burial places of deer islanders who lived about 7.5 thousand years BC. As a result of archaeological research of the ancient "necropolis", the richest material was collected, revealing the culture of primitive tribes. Unique artifacts - ancient tools and household implements, cult objects and amulets - today are presented in National Museum Republic of Karelia in the city of Petrozavodsk.
South Oleniy Island is also a geological natural monument of Karelia. Here, Precambrian rocks (limestones and dolomites) come to the surface with fossilized remains of the most ancient organisms that existed on the globe.
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Sight
Near Bolshoi Klimenetsky Island there is a rock about 500 m long and almost 160 m wide. This small piece of land towering above the surface of the lake is of great interest to lovers ancient history. The cult nature of the monuments located on its territory is reflected in the very name of the island. "Radkolje" in translation from the Baltic-Finnish languages means "rock of a dead animal". Thus, there is reason to believe that this place is associated with sacrifices. Witnesses of the ancient pagan cult are the temples that have survived to this day, dispersed throughout the island: masonry, oval or spiral in shape.
The most popular object of the former sanctuary was the "Radkol God" - a remnant 2 m high on the edge of a sheer cliff. Natural indentations on the side of the boulder, facing the water, are shaped like a human face. A number of local rituals are associated with the mysterious stone idol. So, until the beginning of the 20th century, “Radkol Sunday” was celebrated in the surrounding villages: on the last Sunday before the day of Ivan Kupala, festivities were organized here. The memory of the sacred Radkol pine is alive among the people, preserved on the island after the Radkol forest was cut down in the early 16th century for the construction of the Klimenets Monastery. Today the rock is covered with shrubs and woodlands. The high island serves as a natural observation deck: a delightful panorama of the Kizhi skerries opens from here.
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Sight
The Zaonezhsky peninsula, lying between the Povenetsky Bay and the Unitskaya Bay of Lake Onega, hides many mysteries. Here, on the bank of the Unitskaya Bay, there is an abandoned village of Pegrema, which was once a characteristic example of the wooden architecture of Zaonezhie. To date, of the ancient buildings in Pegrem, only the wooden chapel of Varlaam Khutynsky, erected in the second half of the 18th century, has survived.
In the 70s of the last century, the last inhabitants left the village. And in 1985 and in the early 1990s, the surroundings of Pegrema became the object of serious scientific research, as a result of which a large cult complex was discovered, revealing the richness of the spiritual culture of the ancient inhabitants of Zaonezhye. The complex is a cluster of boulders, whose structure resembles human and animal figures. Ancient monuments date back to 3-2 thousand BC. Among the stone idols of various shapes, there are very complex samples. Particular attention is drawn to such religious buildings as a circle-amulet made of boulders in the form of a snail; the figure of a giant frog - one of the symbols of fertility; stone in the form of a human skull. In total, more than 100 stone objects are located on the territory of the former sanctuary.
Today there is a cultural and historical center in Pegrem, which helps a wide audience to get acquainted with the ancient cult complex - one of the most interesting sights of Karelia.
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Tourist attraction, Lake/pond
The surroundings of Lake Onega are full of natural wonders, among which are rocky faults and “hanging lakes” on the shore of the Unitskaya Bay, not far from the legendary Pegrema. The lakes are located in the rocky ground and are located stepwise relative to each other. At the same time, the level of Onego is lower than the coastal lakes, which, as it were, “rise”, “hang” above it. The lakes are separated from the bay and from each other by narrow bridges; in many places the coast is almost vertical. Visitors to these protected areas admire the silence reigning here and the indescribable beauty of nature, reflected in the water surface of the lake cascade. Anglers often go to picturesque reservoirs, for whom not only the catch is important, but the impressions of the surrounding atmosphere.
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Sight
In the waters of the Unitskaya Bay there is the island of Kolgostrov, which until the 13th century was inhabited by Veps, Karelians, and even earlier by the Saami - the most ancient people of Northern Europe. The Russian population, who arrived in this region from the Novgorod lands, gave the island its current name. "Kolgostrov" from the Baltic-Finnish languages is translated as "Sounding Island". A similar name - "Sounding Slit" - was given to a rock located in the western part of the island. The origin of the epithet is associated with an unusual boulder stone resting here, which, according to legend, had an amazing property: when hit, it made a melodic sound resembling the ringing of a bell. Modern research explains this acoustic effect by the presence of a crack in the upper part of the boulder, which forms a resonating cavity. Unfamiliar with the laws of physics, the ancient inhabitants of Kolgostrov used a “ringing” stone in their pagan rites. The tradition of visiting this cult " musical instrument” existed among the Christian population until the beginning of the 20th century. Today it is one of the most interesting sightseeing objects for tourists.
On the overgrown forest sheer cliff in addition to the famous stone, you can see the remains of ancient places of worship(stonework), rock paintings. The island also has a Christian building of the 18th century - a wooden chapel of the Ascension of the Lord.
Read completely CollapseRep. Karelia, Pudozhsky district, Kolgostrov
Sight
Monuments of ancient world culture - the famous Onega petroglyphs - appeared 5-6 thousand years ago on capes and islands east coast Onego. A large number of works of rock art of the primitive era are concentrated on the coastal rocks of Cape Besov Nos. A piece of land protruding into the lake for about 2 km, overgrown pine forest, preserved on its granite shores more than 400 original engravings depicting animals, birds, fish, people, as well as containing symbolic signs of the sun and moon. The sizes of the figures range from a few centimeters to 3-4 meters. Among them stands out the image of a mystical nature, called the Christian monks of the XVI century "demon". It is an anthropomorphic figure about 2.3 m long, with splayed fingers and disproportionately small feet.
At the western end of the cape there is a lighthouse, which is now inactive. The untouched forests of Besov Nos are an ideal space for off-road lovers.
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Landmark, Religion, Historical monument
In the 14th century, the first Orthodox monasteries appeared in Obonezhie. Among them is the Murom Assumption Monastery, founded by the Monk Lazar on east coast Onego, on the previously uninhabited Much Peninsula, today known as Cape Murom. The monastery grew rapidly, and already in the first decades of its existence, several wooden churches were built here, including the first church in all of Pomorie in the name of the Assumption of the Most Pure Mother of God of the Caves. Until now, one of the oldest monastery buildings has been preserved - the chopped church of the Resurrection of Lazarus, built no later than the 16th century. This miniature building with a gable roof, crowned with a cupola with a cross, was dismantled in the middle of the 20th century and transported to the island of Kizhi. Thus, the restored church of the Murom Monastery took pride of place among the relics of the legendary museum-reserve.
On the territory of the monastery itself, you can see the ruins of religious buildings of the 19th century - the white stone walls of the Assumption Cathedral and the skeleton of the Church of All Saints, as well as restored ancient buildings - the fraternal building and the bell tower. During its centuries-old history, the monastery was closed and revived more than once. Today the ancient monastery is active
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Museum, Landmark
One of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North-West of Russia are the Veps, the earliest mention of which dates back to the 6th century AD. In ancient Russian chronicle sources, this Finno-Ugric tribe is called "vesy" or "chud". From the end of the 10th century, the Chud inhabited the territory between the Onega and Ladoga lakes, gradually migrating to the northeast and occupying Obonezhie. Later, ethnic settlements turned into small islands among numerous Russian villages. One of them is the village of Sheltozero, located on the southwestern shore of Lake Onega, about an hour and a half from Petrozavodsk. It is here that the only museum in Russia dedicated to the history and culture of this ancient ethnic group is located, the representatives of which are becoming less and less every year. The institution occupies a monument of wooden architecture early XIX century - the former home of a local wealthy peasant Melkin.
"Onego-father" - this is how the Russian people who lived on the shores of Lake Onega from antiquity called their breadwinner, what they considered this quiet, transparent expanse framed by picturesque shores under the sky, shining with pearl light through the veil of almost permanent clouds here.Russian scientist historian and archaeologist late XIX century, founder of the Russian school of ethnography H.N. Kharuzin (1865-1900) in his work “Materials collected among the peasants of the Pudozh district of the Olonets province” cites such an appeal to the lake, recorded by him: with the incoming guests, bless the water to take not for the sake of cunning, not for the sake of wisdom, but for the sake of goodness and health ... ”In addition to the sacral and ritual intonation, one can also read the sincere gratitude of people to the lake - for the purity of its water, for the abundance of fish in it and timber on it shores. And, of course, for the beauty that pleases the eye and soul. And now the townspeople who come to Lake Onega in order to see the wooden architecture of the Kizhi reserve, the “demons” - the petroglyphs of Cape Besov Nos, go fishing, just relax and unwind, all as one say that they experience an unusually strong surge of spiritual strength here.
The name Onego is Sami in origin, like many original names settlements on its shores, which is a clear answer to the question of who mastered these shores. The Scandinavians and Russians also call the Finno-Ugric Saami the Lop, Loplyans and Lapps (this is where the toponym Lapland comes from). The Vepsians (Chud) also lived here. The Slavs came here in the 5th century. In the Sami language, the word ale, or elo, which was transformed in Russian into Onego or Onega, simply means " big lake". It is large, the second largest water surface in Europe after Lake Ladoga, with which it is connected by the only river flowing from Onego - the Svir, while about 50 rivers flow into it. As for the more ancient inhabitants of the shores of Lake Onega, archaeological excavations on the islands of the southern Zaonezhye Big Lelikovsky and Small Lelikovsky testify that people lived there settled from the Neolithic era (the turn of V-IV - the beginning of the III millennium BC).
Geologists attribute the rocks that form the basin of the lake to the Proterozoic period. Hydrologists believe that this basin was filled mainly with water from melting glaciers, as well as underground sources. At the same time, the channels of the rivers flowing into the lake were formed. The location of the fjords in the north and northwest of the lake, rocky ridges and placers of small islands covered with granite boulders between them in the bays (bays) on the map of the lake are a kind of schematic reproduction of the movement of the ice cover on the ground here. This movement took place gradually and in different periods of the ancient glaciation of the European continent, with powerful jerks and shocks generated, as is quite obvious, by tectonic processes during the movement of the margins of the lithospheric plates. Under the influence of these processes, more major islands lakes, the total number of which, together with very tiny ones, is about 150. The largest of the islands is Bolshoi Klimetsky (Klimenetsky), whose area is 147 km 2; There are several settlements here, a school operates. Other large islands are (Kizh), Kerk, Deer, Sennogubsky, Suysari. Large islands fall on the northern segment of the lake.
Depths in the southern segment of the lake in coastal water spaces range from 9 to 14.5 m. Netak in the north. Bottom depressions begin from the line Petrozavodsk - the mouth of the Vodla River, some reach depths of 111, 115.5 and even 132.5 m, although 127 m are still considered the maximum depth. water in Onega can vary depending on the strong winds prevailing in a given year, moving layers of water, or the amount of precipitation.
Lake Onega on the territory of Karelia (mainly), Leningrad and Vologda regions extends from the north-north-west to the south-south-east. The maximum length of the lake - between the Black Sands coast in the south and the mouth of the Kumsa River in the north - reaches 220 km, and the width - from Lake Logmo, in fact, the continuation of Onega, to the village of Pudozhsky churchyard - 86 km. The coastline in the south has a relatively smooth character, in the north it is indented by narrow fjords bordered by skerries.
Some were created by nature, others by man. It makes no sense to talk about which ones are more important, they are all valuable - because, in fact, they are inseparable.
The natural resources of Lake Onega are not fundamentally different from those of Lake Ladoga or, say, Lake Vänern in Sweden, because all these lakes in Northern Europe stand on the same geological Baltic granite shield, have a common history of origin, similar climate and hydrology. True, Onega belongs to the Baltic Shield only in its northern part, and in its southern part - to the Russian platform. A non-specialist will not notice this, but any person who understands the dim northern nature will be glad that he again sees deserted sandy spits, rocky capes, avant-garde detachments of virgin coniferous forests approaching the water. And also to the fact that he can stay in silence and fish from the heart here in clear water. The bottom of the lake with its silty areas, elevation changes from deep holes to shallow water, underwater ridges contribute to the fact that different breeds of fish are found here, and they fatten up a lot of body weight. The ichthyofauna of Lake Onega includes 47 species and varieties of fish. Among them are sterlet, salmon, trout, lake and stream, pike, whitefish, grayling, eel, etc. The lake begins to freeze around mid-December, but this is not the main obstacle for fishing enthusiasts, but short daylight hours.
Onega is connected with Ladoga by the Svir River, with the White Sea by the White Sea-Baltic Canal. And so on: with the Volga, the Caspian and Black Seas - through the network of canals of the Volga-Baltic waterway.
In total, 552 man-made monuments are registered on the coast of the lake today. Among the petroglyphs of Onega, the most famous, whose age is 5-6 thousand years, are those located on Cape Besov Nos, especially three large "figures" - an anthropomorphic "Bes" 2.3 m long, along the entire "body" of which there is a crack , looking really ominous, “Otter” (or “Lizard”) and “Burbot” (or “Catfish”). There are other places on Onega with Neolithic monuments, no less interesting, on the rocky outcrops of the coast from the mouth of the Vodla River to the mouth of the Chernaya River: it is better to learn about them and the road to them on the spot, tourism infrastructure here, alas, is not yet very developed. The technique for creating these images is common for the Neolithic: dot-cutting on stone. On the peninsula Kochkovnavolok at the mouth of the Vodpa there are open in the 1980-1990s. the northernmost rock paintings of Lake Onega. Anthropomorphic figures are also found here, while images of animals predominate, and among them - swans (there are swans in other accumulations of petroglyphs). The largest local “swan” from head to tail is 4.12 m. These petroglyphs are much worse preserved than on the Besovy Nos: erosion has affected, some images are overgrown with lichens, and yet the most valuable impression from what they saw here is that the ancient hunters and fishermen thought not only about food, they also admired the surrounding world and, judging by the size of some figures, deified it, because the swan is not at all a game bird, but the personification of beauty and purity.
Beauty is wooden buildings collected on Kizhi Island in the State Museum-Reserve of Russian Orthodox Wooden Architecture "Kizhi", or "Kizhi Pogost", is listed world heritage UNESCO. In addition to the churches originally built on the island itself, chapels, houses and outbuildings from Zaonezhye and other regions of Karelia were moved here with all possible care. About the “piecework” of the exhibits of this museum under open sky tell many stories. The most famous of them is the carpenter Nestor, who built the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord with one ax (initially without a single nail), threw the ax into the lake so that no one could copy his work.
general information
Lake of glacial-tectonic origin on the territory of the Republic, Leningrad and Vologda regions in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation.Education time: about 12 thousand years ago, with the end of the last Valdai glaciation.
According to hydrographic parameters, Lake Onega is included in the water basin of Lake Ladoga and the Neva River.
Type: fresh.
The most significant flowing rivers: Vytegra, Suna, Andoma, Vodla, Shuya.
The largest islands: Bolshoy Klimetsky, Bolshoy Lelikovsky (in the southern Zaonezhye), Kerk, Deer, Sennogubsky, Suysari.
Cities: Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga, Medvezhyegorsk, urban-type settlement Povenets.
Outflowing river: Svir.
Nearest airports: Pulkovo in St. Petersburg (international), Besovets in Petrozavodsk.
Numbers
Length: 220 km.Maximum Width: 86 km.
Note: in different sources are given different indicators length and width of the lake.
Water surface area: 9720 km 2 (excluding islands, whose area is 224 km 2).
Total number of islands: more than 1500.
Water mass volume: 295 km3.
Length coastline : 1280 km.
Max Depth: 127 m.
catchment area: 62,800 km2.
Water transparency: 1.5 to 8 m.
Climate and weather
Transitional: from temperate continental to maritime.January average temperature: -9°C.
July average temperature: +16°С.
Maximum water temperature in July-August: +24°С.
Average annual rainfall: 610 mm.
Economy
Shipping.Fishing.
Tourism.
Attractions
■ Petrozavodsk: Cathedral Alexander Nevsky (1826), Exaltation of the Cross Church (1852), Onega Embankment - an open-air museum, which houses a monument to the founder of the city, Peter I, monuments-gifts from sister cities, the Wishing Tree, other sculptures and structures, the Park culture and recreation - the former Petrovsky Garden, founded in 1703, oldest park Russia.■ Kondopoga: wooden church of the Assumption of the Mother of God (1774), local history museum, Ice Palace (2001).
■ Petroglyphs of Cape Besov Nos, the Kochkovnavolok peninsula and other rocky ledges on the banks.
■ Kizhi Island- State Historical, Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" (UNESCO World Heritage Site): ensemble "Kizhi Pogost": the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (1714), crowned with a complex system of 22 domes arranged in 4 tiers; the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin (1764), the Tent Bell Tower (1863), the oldest wooden church in Russia - the Resurrection of Lazarus from the Murom Monastery (XIV century), as well as other churches, chapels, peasant houses, barns, a mill, rigs - a total of 76 buildings.
■ Monuments of Pegrema(opened in 1985) - an archaeological complex 1.5 km from the village of Pegrema on the Zaonezhsky Peninsula 100 monuments from different eras, including a unique cult complex (III-II millennium BC): boulders resembling figures people and animals.
■ Bolshoi Klimetsky Island.
Curious facts
■ Slava near Bolshoi Klimetsky Island anomalous place. Fans of interpreting mysticism explain the origin of such stories by the fact that there is an “entrance to Parallel Worlds". Ancient legends about ghosts and “witch lights” wandering around the island can be immediately attributed to the phantasmagoria of an inflamed consciousness, because it is known that there was an ancient temple on the island. But there are still unexplained facts of our time. So, in 1973, the captain of the fishing vessel Pulkin disappeared here. It is impossible to imagine that he got lost, he is a local, experienced person. Pulkin appeared 34 days later, dirty, ragged and emaciated. But he didn’t really tell anything, he only repeated that he didn’t remember where he was and what happened to him. In 2008, a local fisherman, Yefimov, said that “someone” drove him in the same circle five times in a row. In the summer of 2009, a group of students moored ashore. But as soon as they pitched their tents, they heard a rumble coming from somewhere out of the ground. All began severe headaches and nausea. The frightened youth quickly packed up and set off on their return journey. As soon as the guys sailed from the shore, all unpleasant symptoms receded.■ From time to time there are rumors about increased levels of radiation on Kizhi Island. Scientists of the Institute of Geology of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the basis of their research, refuted these idle conjectures.
■ The word "trolling" in the language modern man is associated primarily with some kind of hoax, deliberate challenge, provocation, manipulation. Most often it appears in in social networks- both as a mode of action and as a term. However, the primary origin of this word is from the lexicon of fishermen. This is a fishing method. On Lake Onega, trolling at medium depths, from 30 to 60 m, is widely used. Its essence is to hold the bait in the water from a boat or from a motor boat. When trolling, up to 10 rods are used. They are installed on the sides with the help of special devices.
■ Since 1972, the largest international multi-day event in Russia has been held on Lake Onega at the end of July. sailing regatta. Mostly cruising yachts of the Orel 800 class participate in the races, since 2003 yachts of the Micro class are also allowed to compete. The regatta starts and finishes in Petrozavodsk.
