When talking about the pyramids, the first thing that comes to mind is Egypt. Few people know that there are pyramids in China, for many it becomes news. It is believed that more than a hundred elevations are the result of representatives of other worlds being on Earth.
In the middle of the last century, it became known that there are pyramids in the Celestial Empire, and they are twice as high as in Egypt. It became the property of mankind thanks to photos taken from space. The passage to the pyramids is guarded by the military, and access to outsiders is closed. Many people think that the Chinese authorities pretended that the pyramids simply did not exist, and that there were hills in their place. Fact: two merchants from Australia ended up in Sichuan, in the center of China, they saw these mysterious pyramids in height from twenty-five to one hundred meters and decided to ask the abbot from the monastery, which is located nearby, about their history. The merchants learned that these pyramids of China have been standing for a long time. In records that are more than one thousand years old, there is information about the pyramids, and no one can answer for sure what their age is. It was mentioned by the abbot that these mysterious objects appeared when there was a time of the reign of ancient emperors in China, who were sure that people in the universe did not live alone.
White pyramid in China
The pyramid, which has the name White, in the center of Shaanxi attracts attention. Not only did a pilot from the USA manage to take photos of the Chinese pyramids. Height of this mysterious object equal to three hundred meters, which is twice the famous Egyptian. This pyramid at the base is more than five hundred meters, and its sides are directed clearly to the four cardinal points, and, according to the pilot, it reflects bright white light.
In the recent past, the Chinese government declared the territory adjacent to the White Pyramid inaccessible, citing that there is a site for launching rockets that put satellites into Earth's orbit.
Classification of Chinese pyramids
The researchers were able to mark where the Chinese pyramids are located on the map, there is information about these places on the World Wide Web.
Why such an arrangement is a question that has not been answered to this day. Studying the location on the map of structures, scientists agreed that every pyramid in China stands in such a way that it faces north, south, east and west, or is slightly inclined towards Greenland .
There are pictures on the Internet that show the Chinese pyramids, the coordinates of which are determined quite accurately.
There are many Chinese pyramids with a square base, but there are also rectangular ones.
Looking at the pyramids in China, the photos of which are very clear, you can see that some of them stand on low, up to three meters, platforms. One of the common forms of pyramids is without a top, it is truncated. You can meet objects with steps and without. Many objects grow trees and shrubs, as if they are trying to disguise them.
Pyramids of Chinese Yasen Park
The park with the name "Yasen" stretches 15 km from the center of Xi'an on the southeast side. There are many visitors here when summer comes to admire the pyramids in China. There are more than twenty objects here, but two especially high ones stand out.
Tourists visiting China come to this park, the valley here stretches for two thousand meters, they observe sixteen objects that are interconnected, and more than ten smaller pyramids, next to the park. It is noteworthy that a feature of the pyramids in the park is a clear direction to the north, west, south and east, and the absence of tops, instead of which there are platforms. From the larger pyramids you can see a magnificent view of the smaller pyramids of China, the photos of which are always breathtaking.
205 years ago, the Creek War between the United States and a group of Creek Indians known as the Red Sticks ended with the signing of the peace treaty at Fort Jackson. The Americans defeated the part of this people disloyal to the whites and annexed about 85 thousand square meters. km of Indian territory.
The victory over the screams allowed the commander of the US troops, General Andrew Jackson, to concentrate his forces on combat operations against the British, whom he defeated in the New Orleans area. Great Britain stopped the war with the Americans and made a number of territorial concessions. As President of the United States, Jackson expelled from the territories east of the Mississippi not only the Creeks, but also the Indian tribes who fought in this war on his side.
General Andrew Jackson and Upper Creek Chief William Witherford after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. 1814 © Wikimedia Commons
On August 9, 1814, a peace treaty was signed at Fort Jackson, ending the Creek War between the American army and a group of Creek Indians known as the Red Sticks. In accordance with the agreement, about 85 thousand square meters. km of Creek lands were transferred to the US government and the Cherokee tribe, an ally of the Americans in this war.
White colonizers
The Indians who inhabited the southeastern territories of the modern United States, before the arrival of whites in America, built large cities, erected large earthen architectural structures engaged in agriculture, made metal products. They created a socially complex society.
As noted in an interview with RT, an academician of the Academy of Political Sciences of the Russian Federation, head of the department of the Russian University of Economics. G.V. Plekhanov Andrey Koshkin, “the Indian peoples living on the northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico were not far from creating their own statehood, similar to that of the inhabitants of Central and South America.”
“However, their natural development was affected by the appearance of white colonialists in the 16th century, who brought diseases to which the Indians had no immunity. In addition, the Native Americans were embroiled in the struggle between the various European states", - said the expert.
Colonists and screams
One of the most powerful Indian peoples in the region were the Creeks (Muscogee), who lived on the territory of modern American states Oklahoma, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Creeks came into conflict with the British settlers who invaded their lands. However, in May 1718, the Creek leader Brim declared that his people would remain neutral with respect to all European colonialists and did not intend to take sides in the emerging conflicts.
For several decades, the policy of neutrality and good neighborliness brought economic bonuses to the Creeks. They traded buckskin with white settlers and adopted modern farming practices. There were mixed marriages between the colonizers and the Indians. According to Creek customs, the children belonged to the mother's clan. Therefore, children born from the unions of white merchants or planters with Indian women, the Muscogees considered their fellow tribesmen and tried to bring them up according to Indian customs.
The balance in the southeastern part of the North American continent was upset during the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence. During the struggle of the British with the French, the screams supported the British, hoping that the colonial administration would protect them from the arbitrariness of the colonists. During the Revolutionary War, most of the Muscovites were on the side of the British king, as American settlers constantly tried to seize their lands. In addition, the Creeks collaborated with the Spanish in fighting the Americans.
In 1786, the Muscogee took up arms against the white settlers who invaded their territory. The US authorities initiated negotiations that ended in 1790 with the signing of the New York Treaty. The Creeks transferred much of their land to the United States and returned fugitive black slaves to American planters. In exchange for this, the US authorities undertook to recognize the sovereignty of the Muscovites over the lands that remained with them and expel white settlers from them.
The first US president, George Washington, developed a plan for the peaceful coexistence of Americans with neighboring Indian peoples. The United States respected the right to sovereignty of the so-called civilized tribes, who recognized private property, lived in houses and were engaged in agriculture. The first of these peoples were just screams.
Washington appointed Benjamin Hawkins Inspector General of Indian Affairs. He settled on the border, negotiated with the leaders of the screams and created a plantation on which he taught the Muscovites the latest agricultural technologies. A number of Creek chiefs, under the influence of Hawkins, became wealthy planters. IN early XIX century, the Indians ceded to the state of Georgia a large land plot and allowed to build a federal road through their territory.
Anglo-American War and Tecumseh
In 1768, in the territory of modern Ohio, a boy named Tecumseh was born in the family of one of the leaders of the Shawnee Indian people. His ancestors were from the Creek aristocracy, therefore, having matured, he began to maintain close relations with the Muscogees. When the boy was only six years old, his father was killed by American settlers who violated the terms of the peace treaty with the Indians. As a teenager, Tecumseh took part in battles with soldiers of the US Army, and then replaced his dead older brother as a Shawnee military leader.
Over time, Tecumseh created a powerful tribal association to protect the Indians from the Americans. In 1812, when the US attacked the British colonies in Canada, the leader made an alliance with the British. For his victories, he was promoted to Brigadier General in the British Army.
Anglo-American War 1812-1815 © Wikimedia commons
“The British skillfully intrigued and were able to win over the Indians to their side. Americans generally treated the Indians badly, even then professing the principle that General Philip Sheridan would later formulate - “a good Indian is a dead Indian,” historian and writer Alexei Styopkin said in a commentary on RT.
The detachments of Tecumseh played a decisive role in the capture of Detroit and in a number of other battles. However, in 1813 the command of the British army in Canada changed, and the British officers became indecisive and cautious. During one of the battles, the British fled from the battlefield, leaving the Indians face to face with the Americans. Tecumseh was killed.
Creek War
At that time, the Muscovite faction acted against the Americans, advocating the restoration of old Indian traditions. She was nicknamed the Red Sticks because of the tradition of painting her battle clubs with red paint, symbolizing war.
Creek traditionalists were outraged that American colonists were encroaching on and taking over tribal lands. They were also dissatisfied with the conciliatory position of some of their fellow tribesmen, who, for the sake of peace with the United States, were ready to make any concessions and abandoned the Muscogean customs. The Red Sticks' fighting units joined Tecumseh's forces from time to time.
In the autumn of 1813, internal tensions among the screams grew into civil war. Residents of pro-American and anti-American villages raided each other. For some time, the conflict was predominantly intra-tribal in nature. During the fighting, only a few white settlers who seized Indian lands were killed.
On July 27, 1813, the American authorities sent a detachment of soldiers under the command of Colonel James Koller to destroy a group of Red Sticks who went to collect ammunition in the Spanish colonies in Florida. The military attacked the Creeks in the area of Burnt Corn Bay, the Indians retreated. But when the Americans began to plunder the cargo they were accompanying, the Muscogees returned and defeated the US Army detachment.
On August 30, the Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims, where they killed and captured about 500 mestizos, white settlers and their fellow tribesmen loyal to the United States. Indian attacks on American fortresses sowed panic in the United States. The authorities threw the army and militia of Georgia against the Red Sticks, South Carolina and Tennessee under the command of local politician Andrew Jackson, as well as units of allied Cherokee Indians and Creeks who remained on the side of the Americans.
The forces of the Red Sticks numbered about 4 thousand soldiers, who had only 1 thousand guns. The largest detachment they assembled during the war consisted of about 1.3 thousand Indians.
The main battles unfolded in the area of the Tennessee River. Back in November 1813, Jackson's troops destroyed a group of Red Sticks, along with women and children, at the Battle of Tallushatchee. Having received reinforcements from the soldiers of the regular army, he began to advance into the territory controlled by the Indians.
On March 27, 1814, Jackson's detachment of about 3.5 thousand people, reinforced by artillery, attacked the Creek village, in which there were about 1 thousand soldiers of the Red Sticks. About 800 Indian fighters were killed, the rest retreated to Florida, taking with them the wounded leader Menawa.
Battle of the Horseshoe Bend. 1814 © Wikimedia Commons
Another leader of the Red Sticks, half-breed William Witherford (Red Eagle), decided that it was useless to resist, and capitulated.
On August 9, 1814, a peace treaty was signed at Fort Jackson. As a result, the US authorities took away the land from both the Red Sticks and those screams that fought on the side of the United States.
Taking advantage of the fact that the screams no longer posed a threat to the United States, Jackson sent his troops against the British, who were in the New Orleans area, and defeated them. In February 1815, Great Britain ceased hostilities against the United States in North America. London was forced to make a series of territorial concessions to the Americans.
With victories over the Creeks and the British, Jackson became a popular political figure. He became a senator from Tennessee and received the military governorship of Florida. And in 1829 he was elected president of the United States.
At the same time, Jackson refused the guarantees that Washington gave to the civilized Indian tribes. On his initiative, the US Congress passed the Indian Removal Act.
In the arid regions west of the Mississippi, not only the Creeks and other civilized Indian peoples were expelled, but also the Cherokee, who fought under Jackson's command. During the deportation, called the "road of tears", thousands of Indians died from disease and deprivation.
"Road of Tears" - Forced Relocation of Indians © fws.gov
As Andrei Koshkin notes, “in the 19th century, the territory of the United States expanded several times due to a cascade of forced annexations.”
“It was natural robbery and genocide. Territories were taken from both the indigenous population and from neighboring states, in particular from Mexico. Washington was not interested in the opinion of the inhabitants of these lands. They were confronted with the fact that now it is the territory of the United States, and those who were indignant were destroyed or driven into reservations, ”the expert noted.
According to Koshkin, "at times this was done under the slogan of protecting civilization and democracy, but in reality the Americans were only interested in gold and fertile land."
The White Pyramid in China should have long been a sensation and the object of careful study by archaeologists. Its height is more than twice the height the famous pyramid Cheops. The height of the white pyramid is 300 m, and the height of the world famous Pyramid of Cheops is 148 m.
The giant white pyramid, 300 meters high and 485 meters long at the base, became famous thanks to an aerial photograph taken by US Air Force pilot James Gossman in the spring of 1945 during World War II.
Gossman flew between India and China. Due to engine problems, the pilot was forced to descend to a lower altitude. In a message to an intelligence officer, Gossman wrote:
I banked to avoid the mountains and we reached the level of the valley. Directly below us was a gigantic white pyramid. It looked like something out of a fairy tale. She was shimmering white. Perhaps it was metal, or some kind of stone. She was pure white on all sides. Remarkable was the crystal at the top of the pyramid, sparkling like a huge gem. We did not have the opportunity to land, although we wanted to. We were amazed by the unusualness of what we saw.*
Photograph of a white pyramid in China south of Xi'an city was published New York Sunday News 30 March 1947. The white pyramid in the photo immediately became the center of endless research and speculation.
Bruce L. Catty, after studying the work of Hartwig Hausdorf** in 1978, indicated the exact location of the White Pyramid in China: 34º 26’05”N. and 108º 52’12” E in Shaanxi province
It remains a mystery why the Chinese authorities are not only not interested in the archaeological study of the White Pyramid, but for a long time denied and carefully concealed the fact of its existence.
Today the pyramids in China can be viewed with Google Earth. However, the largest pyramid in China cannot be seen from a satellite, the question arises why? Was it disguised or destroyed? What secrets do the pyramids hide in China, why are they so carefully hidden from archaeologists and just curious people. Worldwide, the tourism business is one of the most profitable items of state income. What secrets of the pyramids outweigh the material interest in the development of tourism? The question remains open and further fuels interest in the pyramids in China.
Sources:
* Cathie, Bruce. The Bridge to Infinity. Adventures Unlimited Press, 1997
** Hausdorf, Hartwig: Die weisse Pyramide, Munich, Germany 1994
The mystery of the huge White Pyramid in China
It is known that in China, in the Shang-Si region north of the city of Hean, there are 400 ancient pyramids. Scientists have determined that these pyramids are burial mounds. Their height is from 25 to 100 m. But the Chinese still hide the great white pyramid from the eyes of the public and the press. It is located north of the others, in the area of the Zya-Lin River. Here is what we know about her so far.
The White Pyramid is huge. Its height is approximately 300 m. almost 2 times higher than the pyramid of Cheops. It was first discovered at the end of the 2nd World War by the American pilot James Gausman. He was returning from operations to a base in India. His plane began to stall on Chinese territory in the Hean region. Flying at a low altitude, Gausman saw an incredible pyramid. The pilot even managed to take a picture of her, and this picture was attached to the report.
Another American saw, inspired by the stories of Gausman, went in 1947 in search of a pyramid and found it. The gigantic building was impressive. Even from a height it seemed huge and dazzling white. But the Chinese did not want foreigners to conduct further research. And only in the 90s, the Austrian scientist managed to make a trip to the areas of China closed to foreigners, adjacent to the city of Hean. He carefully examined the White Pyramid. Jeweled giant slabs, carefully stacked and fitted to each other. What tools did the ancient Chinese use? How did they manage to move the plates, and then raise them to an unprecedented height?
According to an ancient Chinese legend, the pyramids testify to the visit of our planet by aliens from other galaxies. Manuscripts indicate that the emperors ancient China were convinced of the existence of alien civilizations. Moreover, some of them claimed to be the descendants of the sons of the sky - those strange creatures that descended to Earth on iron dragons with a roar. But almost every legend is fraught with some truth.
Who was the true builder of the great White Pyramid? This remains a mystery.
December 8th, 2013
White pyramids, pointed and flat, were erected in China, the Middle Empire, long before the Egyptian tomb pyramids. Only a small part of the Chinese pyramids has been explored. Many were discovered only in the 20th century.
It was 1945. The end of the Second World War was approaching in distant Asia. A US Air Force reconnaissance aircraft inspected the area of the Qinling Range southwest of the city of Xi'an. Suddenly, the pilot noticed something incomprehensible under the wing: in the middle of an alpine valley, a huge pyramid towered.
Can't be! Are there pyramids not only in Egypt and Latin America?
The photo of the “white pyramid” of 1947.
The report written by the pilot after landing is still perceived as a sensation: “I flew around the mountain and reached a flat valley. Directly below me lay a giant white
a pyramid shrouded in an almost unreal, bright glow. It seemed to me that it was made of metal or stone of a very special breed. I have flown over the silvery white colossus several times. The most remarkable thing about it is the top: a large piece of metal that resembles a precious stone.
According to American experts, the pyramid rushed into the sky to a height of 300 m, the length of its base side was 490 m. For comparison: the height of the Cheops pyramid initially reached “only” 146.94 m, and the length of the base side was 230.38 m. that the most monumental pyramid in the world is in China!
There are more pyramids in China than in Egypt. Only between major cities Xi'an and Xianyang have several hundred of them. Only gradually the world learns about the countless archaeological treasures of the Middle Kingdom. Even in China itself, few people know about the existence of the pyramids, since they are located in forbidden military zones or hard-to-reach places.
In 1991, many pyramids were discovered near the city of Xi'an during the search for a site for a new airfield. These tombs rise 40 m above the surrounding fields. Like many of the pyramids of Central America, they do not end in a sharp peak, but in a flat area. The pyramids in the Xianyang region even reach a height of 50 m. Often they are located in groups of 4-5 structures. Since no excavations have been made so far, one can only guess that large cavities lurk in their depths. This is indicated by, say, cut down terraces. Some pyramids were erected during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD).
They became the tombs for the founder of the dynasty, Emperor Liu Bang, and eleven subsequent Han rulers. Two pyramids were built during the Zhou Dynasty (1027-256/249 BC). Even older is the pyramid of Emperor Shao-Hao, a descendant of the legendary Huang-di (“Yellow Emperor”), who ruled the Middle Empire around 2600 BC. e. Near the city of Qufu (Shandong Province), in the middle of a vast park, a pyramidal stone structure 18 m high and 28 m wide with a flat top sparkles. This symbolic tomb is crowned with a small temple-tower, inside which Emperor Shao-Hao sits like a pharaoh, who, like the Egyptian rulers, considered himself the son of the gods.
Archaeologist Professor Wang Shipin found out that one of the pyramids discovered 30 km from the city of Xi'an, in a forbidden military zone, is located at the geometric center of all parts of the world. It turns out that unknown builders had deep knowledge about the spherical shape of the Earth and the distribution of land masses. Professor Wang also shares the view that the pyramids are oriented by the stars. If so, then their location is consistent with the ancient teachings of feng shui, sacred geomancy. Perhaps the pyramids of Egypt, the stone monuments of Northern Europe and Greece, were built according to the same principles. If these relationships are confirmed, great discoveries await us regarding the knowledge of ancient peoples.
Was there an exchange of ideas and values between ancient cultures? Qufu, the name of the capital of the Shao-Hao empire, is consonant with one of the variants of the name of Pharaoh Cheops - Khufu. It is also possible that already 2000 years ago the Great Silk Road, 6500 km long, connected the Han with the Roman Empire, which bought silk in exchange for gold and glass. In any case, such contacts do not seem at all improbable. But the final proof of this fact is the task of future research.
As we have already said, for the first time about the Chinese pyramids in the West it became widely known back in 1947, when they were accidentally discovered by American pilots flying over the area. Several pictures were taken, they were placed in newspapers, then a similar photograph appeared in 1957 in Life magazine ...
And then about gigantic structures, which are more appropriate to be somewhere in Egypt or Central America, scientists have tried to forget. But, of course, not everyone has forgotten. There is a category of eccentrics whom you don’t feed with bread, but let them unearth some unknown secret of history. They are absolutely convinced that in our past everything was far from what they write about it in textbooks.
And these beliefs are built not on someone's idle conjectures or their own limitless fantasy, but on numerous artifacts of antiquity, stubbornly refusing to fit into the generally accepted concept of the historical development of mankind. It is to this category of people that the German researcher Hartwig Hausdorff, who persistently searches for traces of ancient legendary civilizations such as Atlantis or Mu, publishes evidence of aliens visiting the Earth, and other similar “doubtful” things, belongs to this category of people. You can treat the activities of people like Hausdorf as you like, but it was he who in 1994 managed to penetrate into the closed area of Shaanxi province and make a photo report about the pyramids there, which to this day have not been studied at all by historians. It is clear that these structures are absolutely not characteristic of known periods in the history of Chinese culture, stretching for millennia. The age of the pyramids is unknown, and the locals, of course, cannot say anything intelligible about this.
True, Hausdorff managed to find the diaries of two Australian traders who climbed into Shaanxi in 1912. They then happened to meet an old Buddhist monk, who said that these pyramids are mentioned in extremely ancient records kept in his monastery. The records are about 5 thousand years old, but even there the pyramids are called “very old, built under the ancient emperors, who said that they come from the sons of heaven who descended to earth on their fiery metal dragons” ...
WITH clones of some pyramids are planted with small coniferous trees. There is an opinion that for many years the Chinese have been disguising these structures as natural hills, planting them with fast-growing shrubs and trees. Oddly enough, Chinese archaeologists do not open these pyramids and do not conduct any research.
For some reason, the Chinese government categorically forbade researchers from other countries to touch these places. U.S. writer George Hunt Williamson, through his connections with the U.S. Air Force, obtained a photocopy of a topographic map of the city of Xi'an. The map was made on the basis of photographs received from satellites. And not far from the city of Xi'an, the location of sixteen pyramids was indicated. New Zealand aviator Bruce Kagi in 1963 tracked down Schroder's diaries and an article written in 1912. Fred Mayer Schroder was an Australian merchant who led caravans from the Great Wall of China inland. Once he was driving along the Mongolian-Chinese border with the Mongolian spiritual guru Bogdykhan, and he said: “We will pass the pyramids. There are seven of them, and they are located near ancient capital China Xian Fu (on a modern map it is Xian).
“After several days of exhausting driving, we suddenly noticed something towering on the horizon. At first glance, it looked like a mountain, but as we got closer, we saw that it was a structure with four correctly beveled edges and a flat top.”
Schroder felt a respectful surprise at the most majestic creation of human hands that he had seen in his life. It shocked him to think that the people who had the knowledge to plan and build such a structure now completely disappeared from the face of the earth.
“We approached them from the east,” writes Schroder, and saw that there were three giants in the northern group, and the rest of the pyramids were successively reduced in size to the smallest in the south. They extended six or eight miles across the plain, rising above the cultivated land and villages. They were under the noses of people and remained completely unknown to the Western world. The large pyramid was about a thousand feet in height (about three hundred meters, i.e. almost twice as high as the pyramid of Cheops) and almost one and a half thousand feet at the base of 500 meters, that is, twice as large the Pyramid of Cheops). The four sides of the Chinese pyramid were strictly oriented to the points of the compass. Each face of the pyramid was a different color: black meant north, green-blue east, red south and white west. The flat top of the pyramid was covered with yellow earth.
Once on the faces of the pyramid there were steps leading to the top, but now they were littered with fragments of stones crumbling from above. Below were steps of roughly hewn wild stone (each stone about three feet square).
The pyramid itself, like most of the buildings in China, was adobe. Huge troughs the size of mountain canyons stretched along its walls. They, too, were covered with stones. Trees and shrubs grew on the slopes, smoothing out the outlines of the pyramid and giving it a resemblance to natural object. This majestic sight took my breath away.
We traveled around the pyramids looking for an entrance, but found nothing." When Schroder asked Bogdykhan about the age of the pyramids, he said that they were over five thousand years old. When asked why he thinks so, Bogdykhan replied: “In our oldest books, written five thousand years ago, these pyramids are mentioned as ancient.”
Schroder was one of the very few Europeans who were lucky enough to see the Shanxi pyramid complex, and it is hoped that the Chinese authorities will lift the veil of secrecy in the future and allow outsiders to enter here.
“The main thing that interested me, writes the American researcher Vance Tied, is geographical coordinates Chinese pyramids. Xi'an is located at 34 degrees north latitude. The layout of the Chinese pyramids is very similar to the Egyptian one. This suggests that the same ancient builders who belonged to the same civilization had a hand in their construction. I vaguely guessed that each of the pyramids performed a special function and that there was some geometric correspondence between pairs of pyramids from different parts of the world.
If the Egyptian complex is at 30 degrees north latitude, then the Chinese complex is at 34 degrees. I think that many different ratios between the coordinates of the Giza and Shanxi plains will be calculated someday, Williamson indicated in a letter to Thied that the pyramid at Shanxi, indicated by number four on the map, was in all likelihood the same structure that was photographed in 1947. “According to my preliminary calculations,” V. Tjed writes further, “there could be a connection between her and great pyramid Cheops, because both are based on the number 16944. The computer pointed to the pyramid number 6 as the most interesting in the group.
Most people are familiar with the pyramids in China, have read bits and pieces of information about them, seen some photos. But there are no details about their study, some archaeological excavations. China keeps an information veil at their expense. Or maybe it's a global agreement? There is no need for the average person to know too much. No more questions. I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photographic material and official information about the appearance of these pyramidal mounds.
Original taken from maximus101
in Pyramids of China
The name "pyramid" stuck behind the burial mounds of Chinese emperors and their dignitaries. This is largely justified, since these burial mounds had the shape of a truncated pyramid, although there were other variants of the burials of the Chinese nobility. Earthen Chinese burial mounds were built using a special technology that allowed them to retain their shape for a long time. During the construction of the pyramids, the earth was not just poured - it was carefully rammed, so the earth building was close to concrete in strength. This made it possible to maintain clear edges of structures even after millennia. Not only pyramids were built using this time-tested technology. In China, most buildings were built, in fact, from the earth - and palaces, and pagodas, and houses ordinary people. The Great Wall of China, for the most part, is also made of rammed earth, only in later times, it began to be built from stone and baked bricks.
I have already touched on the topic of the Chinese pyramids, in the story about the tomb of the first Chinese emperor - Qin Shi Huang. This is a continuation, here we will talk about the imperial mausoleums of the Han era (206 BC - 220 AD)
Elderly Chinese women look at the tombs of their great ancestors.
The burial mound of Emperor Qin is the starting point for pyramid building in China. His pyramid was not only the very first, but also the largest. The pyramids of subsequent emperors, primarily of the state of Han, approached in size the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, but no one succeeded in surpassing it.
To get started, you need to do small digression in the history of Chinese burials. Although Qin Shi Huang was the builder of the largest pyramid, he did not outline the very idea of \u200b\u200berecting giant earthen mounds over graves in China. It is worth noting that most scientists are inclined to think that the “barrow theme” was not originally inherent in the Chinese. The tombs of the ancient Chinese Shang-Yin dynasties did not have any impressive ground structures, the Zhou dynasty that came to replace them also did not try very hard in this direction. Most likely, the idea of burial mounds came to China from the North, from numerous nomadic tribes.
In the entire belt of the steppe zone, from the Crimea to Altai, everything was in order with the mounds, the nomads - the Scythians, Saks, erected them in considerable quantities. Of particular note here are the huge mounds of the Tagar culture of the 5th-6th centuries BC in modern Khakassia. Outwardly, they are very similar to the Chinese earthen pyramids.
Probably the first earthen building of its kind in China was a very impressive burial mound of the 4th century BC. principality of Zhongshan, which is located just south of Beijing. Zhongshan for the Chinese was a barbarian kingdom, because it was based on the so-called "white di", tribes with currently unknown ethnicity, perhaps they were Indo-Europeans and were related to the Yuezhi and Tokhars. I posted some pictures Chinese mummies from Tarim, among them were many people of Indo-European origin.
One way or another, but it was the Chinese who brought the idea of mound building to full perfection, having built countless burial pyramids for their nobility.
This story is devoted mainly to the pyramids of the Han Dynasty, located near ancient city Xi'an.
Burial map around Xi'an.
Han burials are marked with gray-blue "mounds".
Burials of the Tang era, respectively - red icons.
It can be seen that the Han pyramids arc from West to East along the Weihe River. Each mausoleum had its own huge burial city - ling and, approximately the same in plan, like the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang.
Many people lived in such a city, during the Han times, emperors, sometimes by force, moved many aristocrats with their servants there. This was done in order to control the latter by the imperial power, plus, they had to take care of the mausoleums of the former Han rulers. Warriors, artisans and wives, the deceased emperor, the entire harem were resettled there. In ancient times, they would have all been buried alive along with the deceased master, but since the Han Dynasty, human sacrifices have become rare, of course, a couple of beloved concubines still dug where to go. But the entire imperial harem and servants continued to live, only next to the pyramid of their master. At times, the size of the burial city could reach up to 50,000 people, like that of Emperor Wu in the Maolin mausoleum.
And this one " City of dead"had fortress walls, and the most real ones. Each mausoleum is a separate fortress, judging by the map, the burial cities formed a real defense belt, the fortress walls of large and small mausoleums closed, forming a protective arc covering the capital - the city of Chang'an from the North. It was from the northern steppes that the invaders of the Huns came to China. The dead emperors continued to defend their capital, both symbolically, influencing the imagination of the nomads with their gigantic pyramids, and in fact, covering the entire adjacent metropolitan area with mausoleum walls.
I did not have the opportunity to visit all the pyramids at once, since there are a great many of them and they are located at a very decent distance from each other.
Therefore, I chose two large burial complexes for a cursory inspection - this is the complex of Emperor Jing-di - Yangling (about it there will be a separate post), and the pyramid field of Emperor Xuan-di - Duling.
I accidentally caught a few large pyramids in my lens, I shot them while passing by on a bus. First of all, it is worth noting the largest Han pyramid - the Maoling mausoleum of Emperor Wu-di (141 BC to 87 BC), this mausoleum was worth a visit on purpose, if only for its size.
Pyramid Maolin.
The Maolin Pyramid has a base of 240 by 240 meters and an approximate height of 50 meters. This is the largest burial mound after Qin Shi Huang's burial mound. It can be seen for tens of kilometers, but it’s better, of course, to come closer, especially since its funeral city has the most a large number of accompanying burials, something around 175.
Pyramid of Emperor Jing-di, its base is 160 by 160 meters.
And almost the same, in size, the pyramid of the Empress in the Jing-di complex.
A very mysterious two-stage pyramid Kanlin.
It seems to have been intended for the young Emperor Ping-di (ruled from 1 BC to 5 AD) Only 6 years old! At the age of 14, Ping-di had already died, or he was helped in this. The pyramid is huge - the base is 220 by 233 meters, the upper platform of the pyramid is 50 by 60 meters.
A monstrous mound literally hangs over the suburbs of Sanyang.
The beginning of our era is the reign of Wang Mang, the great "temporary worker" and reformer who founded his own Xin dynasty, which, however, ended on him. He was credited, and not without reason, with the poisoning of the infant Emperor Ping-di. Perhaps Wang Mang decided to make amends by building a huge tomb for Ping-di, or maybe he was preparing it for himself. Who knows…
The Duling complex of Emperor Xuan-di, which I decided to visit specially, is located outside the main "protective" line of Han burials, which runs north. It lies south of modern Xian, but not very far, almost immediately behind the ring road, so getting to Dulin is easier than to all the other Han pyramids.
Now, on the territory of the funeral city of Dulin, a park has been set up for Chinese workers, there is even an entrance fee - 5 yuan.
From afar, the pyramid looks impressive, but coming closer, it is difficult to find it in dense plantings. The park here rises in ledges upwards from north to south. The pyramid stands on top of a plateau. It is not clear how natural the surrounding terrain is, perhaps the base of the pyramid is also man-made. It is sometimes difficult to look for Chinese mounds overgrown with trees - it's like in a fairy tale story with sailors who landed on the back of a huge whale, believing that it was an island. It's the same here, looking for a burial mound, not realizing that you have been wandering along its overgrown slopes for a long time, since such large-scale objects are poorly perceived close up.
The mound itself is devoid of vegetation and has a clear shape of a truncated pyramid.
View of the park from the top of the pyramid. Below are steles erected by later Chinese emperors as a sign of respect for Xuan-di.
The Xuan-di pyramid has a base of 168 by 168 meters, which is much smaller than in Maoling and Kanlin. By the way, I wonder why… After all, Xuan-di was a very powerful emperor, under him the state of Han reached its peak.
View from the height of the pyramid of the emperor, in the distance the stepped pyramid of his wife is visible.
The pyramid of Xuan-di's wife is much more interesting than the burial mound of the emperor himself, although it is somewhat smaller (base 150 by 140), but it looks more spectacular due to the well-preserved steps. Step Pyramid of the Empress.
Way up.
The steps are clearly distinguishable even after thousands of years...
Along the edge of the upper platform, during my stay there, a funny man was constantly walking. Apparently, he performed some kind of ritual known to him alone. This is how he walked and walked, around the square, and he was a decent 48 by 43 meters there. At the same time, he muttered something to himself on a tray - apparently, there are enough "moved" on the pyramids and in China itself. The rubbish at the top indicates that the Chinese like to have picnics here.
This is not a feather grass steppe, but the top of a stepped pyramid.
The crane is a small ant compared to the huge burial mound.
Pyramid field in Doolin. Numerous relatives, concubines and dignitaries of the emperor are buried here.
Pyramids of the burial complex, going beyond the horizon.
Round mound in the Doolin complex.
And these are the ruins of one of the fortress towers of the funerary city of Doolin. Like all Han emperors, ling and (funeral city) Xuan-di was surrounded by many kilometers of fortress walls and had a large population serving the mortuary temples of the former ruler and his family members.
Pyramid of the Empress.
The Doolin complex includes another great pyramid. This is the burial place of the beloved wife of Emperor Xuan-di, Queen Xu. She was poisoned during childbirth, and most likely, not without the help of the last empress, whose pyramid rises next to the Xuan-di burial mound. That is why the pyramid of Queen Xu is located at a decent distance from the main complex, about 6.5 kilometers to the southeast. Apparently, the acting empress did not allow Xu to be buried in the main complex. I had no way to get to the Xu pyramid, it was already getting dark, and I was somewhat tired by that time, or rather, I could hardly walk.
Therefore, I will use pictures from Chinese photographers.子午谷
You can see that the Xu pyramid has a very interesting shape, it is almost a Babylonian ziggurat. It has three large main steps, which, in turn, carry relatively small steps.
And the pyramid is large in size - the base is 136 by 120 meters and the height is more than 20 meters. Although the mound stands aside from the main burial city, it is clear that the emperor spared no effort in building the mausoleum for his beloved wife...
View from the top step of Queen Xu's pyramid.
To the west of the Dulin burial complex are several burials from the 14th century - the Ming Dynasty. They are smaller than the Han giants, this is understandable, the emperors during the Ming era lived in Beijing and Nanjing, there they were buried. In Xian, only relatives of the rulers and the local nobility could be buried.
In all the burials of the Ming era, there are many stone sculptures - these are the so-called "alley of spirits" of shengdao. I shot the figures of the nearest tomb already in the impending darkness.
One Minsk mound has a very interesting shape, it is round at the base, and at the same time stepped. It is a pity that because of the darkness I did not reach it.
This burial has an impressive "alley of spirits" and is worthy of a separate visit. All Chinese pyramids are located in the countryside, therefore, while searching for burials, you can get acquainted with local settlements, such as this one.
Locals often visit the graves of their great ancestors, so it is unlikely that you will inspect the pyramids alone.
Robbers are present in full. The great imperial burial mounds are still being monitored, although I have not examined them all. And the little ones are almost all dug up, just in a small mound the burrows of diggers are more visible. These holes are almost everywhere.
I saw a pyramid on a peasant plot, so he adapted it to a barn, dug a cave in it, such that you can enter without bending and store various belongings there - rakes, bags of fertilizer. Naturally, it is almost impossible to control what he still digs there.
: Thank you for the tip on this article, Sergei Izofatov. He expressed the version that the soil for the construction of these pyramids was delivered from a super-civilization during digging. On the one hand, the volume of soil that was used to build the canal, which is 2000 km long, is too small compared to the volume of the pyramids. And the distances are huge. But on the other hand, where did they get even this amount of soil for the pyramids? My guess is that this soil was removed from the surface. It is possible that this is clay after the cataclysm. She was removed from this territory, because. previously there were fertile fields. They were restored and are still in use today. The volume is enormous! Perhaps even according to the version that the Gods did it: they took the metals from the soil and stored the processed soil in the pyramids.
