First of all, with detailed planning, and on the principle of "do not pass by." But sometimes I also organize targeted expeditions to one or more places that deserve the special attention of this competent organization. And you don’t have to regret it, what you see always justifies expectations. In total, there are already more than a thousand such objects on the planet, which are classified as natural or cultural-historical. The list is movable, more and more new lines are added to it, but some, unfortunately, are deleted, not all of the heritage can be preserved.
Brazilian part on this moment consists of 18 elements, I give the chronology of inclusion, and indicating the number by which you can find detailed description on the UNESCO website (link above):
(1) Historical city Ouru Preto, 1980, number 124.
(2) Olinda Historic Center, 1982, number 189.
(3) Ruins of the Jesuit Redoubt Missions of San Miguel das Missois, 1984, number 275.
(4) Salvador de Bahia Historic Center, 1985, number 309.
(5) Church complex of Bon Jesus do Congonhas, 1985, number 334.
(6) national park Iguazu, 1986, number 355.
(7) City of Brasilia, 1987, number 445.
(8) Serra da Capivara National Park, 1991, number 606.
(9) San Luis Historic Center Maranyau, 1997, number 821.
(10) Forest reserves of the southeast Atlantic coast (S. Paulo - S. Parana, 1999, number 893.
(11) Eastern Atlantic Forest Reserves ("Coast of discovery"), 1999, number 892.
(12) Diamantina Historic Center, 1999, number 890.
(13) Complex of reserves of the Central Amazon, 2000, number 998.
(14) Pantanal Protected Area and Adjacent Protected Areas, 2000, number 999.
(15) Brazilian Islands in the Atlantic: Fernando de Noronha, 2001, number 1000.
(16) National Parks Zone"campos cerrado": Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas, 2001, number 1035.
(17) Goyas Historic Center, 2001, number 993.
(18) San Francisco Square in San Cristovao, EA Sergipe, 2010, number 1272.
Despite a variety of natural treasures, including vast expanses of equatorial and tropical jungles and thousands of kilometers of magnificent coastline, as well as the partially deserved fame of the "Land of the Little Wild Monkeys", nature reserves here in the minority, there are only 7 of them against 11 cultural and historical monuments. This looks even more strange when you consider that the colonial history of Brazil is rather short, and traces of developed pre-Columbian civilizations have not yet been found on its territory. But such is the systematic work of this UNESCO committee, the criteria for inclusion in the list for these two categories are completely different, and these proportions quite consistent with the general trend.
Continuation: .
Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world and most of the country is in the tropics.As such, it contains a vast array of very interesting geological and biological attractions, including the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest.
Brazil is full of unexpected discoveries. This is the birthplace of football, coffee, TV series and capoeira. Among the Brazilians are many personalities known throughout the world: athletes, writers, top models, inventors, architects and religious figures. Sao Paulo attracts travelers from all over the world. Unique Cathedral of this city is decorated using coffee beans. National Park "Karakol" will delight not only with marvelous views, but also with intoxicating smells, because it is buried in blooming hydrangeas. Tourists rush to these parts,
to see the amazing beauty of the waterfall.
Top 10 Tourist Attractions in Brazil
1. Statue of Christ the Redeemer(Christ the Redeemer)
Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro is the most famous statue of Jesus in the world and the symbol of Rio, as well as the main attraction of Brazil.
The idea of placing a large Christian monument atop Rio's Corcovado mountain dates back to 1850.when a local Catholic priest asked Princess Isabella for money to build a monument, but she refused. Construction began only in 1926 and ended in 1931.
Christ the Redeemer considered to be the largest Art Deco statue in the world. It is the 5th largest statue of Jesus in the world with a height of 30 meters, not including the 8-meter pedestal. The statue's arms are spread out 28 meters wide. Christ the Redeemer located on top of the 700-meter Corcovado mountain.
2. Iguaçu Falls
One of the most impressive attractions in Brazil, the Iguazu Falls are simply amazing, with about 275 waterfalls located on a stretch of 3 kilometers. This is a real miracle of nature. The impressive natural power and noise from the cascades of the waterfalls will remain in your memory for a long time, not to mention the jungle that surrounds the waterfalls. In the area of the Iguazu Falls, the borders of 3 states, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay converge.
Iguazu Falls listed world heritage UNESCO.
3. Amazon (Amazon River)
The Amazon has the world's largest water basin, which occupies almost half of the territory of South America. The Amazon is the second longest river in the world formed by the confluence of rivers Maranion and Ucayali. Amazon river basin is home to a variety of Native American cultures, as well as the habitat of a huge number of wild animals and impenetrable jungle.
4. Rio Carnival
Brazil and carnival, these are synonymous words, it is difficult to imagine Brazil without carnival. Carnivals in Brazil are held in every corner, no The biggest and most famous carnival is undoubtedly the Carnival inRio de Janeiro. Rio Carnival draws two million people a day to the streets of the city and almost half of them are tourists. Carnival in Rio lasts 4 days.Carnival in Rio these days is everywhere, on the streets and squares, in bars and clubs and in all other corners of Rio.
5. Pantanal
A large tectonic depression in Brazil that is almost completely swampy is the Pantanal. The Pantanal is located in the Paraguay River Basin and is one of the world's largest and most diversified freshwater wetland ecosystems.The Pantanal is also one of the major tourist attractions in Brazil. It is believed that the Pantanal in Brazil the best place to see wild animals.
6 Salvador Beaches
The colorful city of Salvador is a jewel of cultural identity Brazil . While Rio in the south has become a cosmopolitan center, El Salvador has retained a strong cultural identity. Founded in 1549, El Salvador was the capital during the heyday of the slave trade.
One of the central beaches of El Salvador is Porto de Barra, this beach is perfect for relaxing, splashing in the sea and sunbathing. Farol da Barra Beach has great views, especially during sunset, and is also very popular with surfers due to its high waves. Beach Plakaford created by nature for family vacation, Herecalm waters and soft sandy beaches. TO south of town, there are plenty beautiful beaches which include Tinhare and Boipeba beaches.
The historic center of the city is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
7. Historic Center of Olinda
After its founding in 1535 by the Portuguese navigator Duarte Coelho, Olinda quickly became a prosperous city thanks to the sugar trade. Sugar at that time was in great demand on the international market and when the city was at the peak of its participation in the sugar market, several religious orders, including the Jesuit order, settled in Olinda, thanks to which the city has many monasteries and churches, as well as a beautiful historical the center of the city, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
8. Fernando de Noronha
Fernando de Noronha is archipelago out of 21 islands And islets VAtlantic Ocean. Its clean beaches, landscapes and wild nature attract tourists from all over the world. The island is also home to one of the largest seabird nesting colonies in the South Atlantic. a unique ecological clean place is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and most of the archipelago is located in the National marine park Brazil.
The archipelago was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512), an Italian merchant and cartographer in 1503.
9. Teatro Amazonas
The Amazonas Theatre, or Opera House, is located in the city Manaus , in the heart of the lush Amazon rainforest. Theater construction startedduring the heyday of the rubber trade, using materials from all over the world, with furniture from Paris, marble from Italy and steel from England. TOThe floor of the theater was covered with 36,000 small ceramic tiles painted in the colors of the Brazilian flag.
The world-famous Italian tenor Enrico Caruso was the first to perform on the theater stage on January 7, 1897.
10. Ouro Preto
The city was founded at the end of the 17th century, Ouro Preto (Black Gold) was the center of the gold rush and the golden age of Brazil in the 18th century.With the depletion of the gold mines in the 19th century, the city's influence waned, but the churches, bridges and fountains remain as testament to past prosperity and the exceptional talent of the Baroque sculptor. Aleijadinho, who worked in Ouro Preto
The historic center of the beautiful Brazilian city of San Luis was founded by the French in the 17th century. After a while, it was conquered by the Dutch, and then by the Portuguese. But, despite this, the old town managed to maintain its originality.
The architectural composition and rectangular layout emphasize the colonial past of the modern city. Many historical buildings today adorn the ancient streets of San Luis, which in 1997 was named a precious pearl by UNESCO and included in the list of the great heritage of the planet.
Olinda Historic Center
The history of the emergence of a colorful settlement, which today is the heart of the beautiful Brazilian city of Olinda, is closely intertwined with the production of sugar from cane. This is evidenced by the architectural composition and layout of the city, founded by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Two centuries after the total plunder by the Dutch conquerors, the appearance of Olinda was significantly changed.
Ancient buildings, luxurious gardens, small churches, chapels and monasteries carefully preserve the memory of the outstanding past of the Brazilian city, which in 1982 became one of the magnificent heritage of the planet.
Historic city center of Salvador de Bahia, Brazil
From 1549 to 1763, the ancient center of today's Salvador di Bahia was the capital of the Brazilian state, as well as a place where the cultures of the peoples of Africa, America and Europeans were closely intertwined.
Since 1558, the colorful town has turned into a market (the first in the New World). Here they sold and bought slaves who worked on huge sugar cane plantations.
The architectural composition of the old city today is represented by many preserved historical buildings made in the Renaissance style. A special color is given to it by multi-colored buildings decorated with stucco molding made of plaster.
The historic district of the beautiful Salvador de Bahia was listed in 1985 as one of the most amazing heritages of the world.
Church complex of Bon Jesus do Congonhas, Brazil
The beautiful temple complex, built in the 18th century by Minas Gerais, includes seven chapels, each of which is dedicated to the stops of Christ going to Golgotha and the magnificent church, the interior decoration of which causes admiration and reverent delight. The church is made in the Rococo style, decorated with granite statues of the prophets, and also equipped with an external staircase.
Above the decoration temple complex, in 1987, included in the list of UNESCO treasures, the outstanding Brazilian sculptor Aleijadinho worked. His multi-colored creations emphasize the expression of pompous baroque and betray the designs of the original sound.
City of Brasilia, Brazil
Founded in 1956 in the heart of the Brazilian state, its capital, Brasilia, is an interesting urban development project that added to the list of great heritages of the planet in 1987.
The building project was developed by Oscar Niemeyer and Lucio Costa. According to the plan of the masters, each building, starting with symmetrically located residential buildings, ending with municipal buildings, every element and every detail should resonate with the general idea of an urban planning project. layout amazing city resembles a bird soaring in the sky.
The urban landscapes of the Brazilian capital are represented by colorful buildings, of particular interest among which are official buildings made using innovative architectural techniques.
Historic center of Diamantina, Brazil
Surrounded by mighty rocky mountains, the colonial village of Diamantina conveys the atmosphere of the 18th century - the era of desperate diamond miners.
The city included in the list of priceless heritage (1999) was the personification of the cultural development of a person who lived in extremely unfavorable conditions created by nature.
Pantanal Protected Area, Brazil
Patan is formed by four picturesque natural reserves, the area of which exceeds 187 thousand hectares. An amazing area is located in the western part of the Brazilian state, and also occupies part of the territory of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
The Pantanal is the largest wetland in the world. Cuiaba and Paraguay originate here - the most major rivers this region. The protected zone, included in the list of unique heritage of the planet in 2000, is replete with species diversity of animals and pleases with the color of the local fauna.
Historic city center of Goiás, Brazil
The historical center of the modern Brazilian town of Goias is the personification of a colonial settlement that developed during the development of the central part of the state during the 18-19 centuries.
The mining past of the city is evidenced by the specifics of its development, adapted to the conditions created by nature. The architectural composition of the ancient district is formed by modest buildings erected using building techniques and materials traditional for the area.
The historical center of the colorful Brazilian city of Goiás in 2001 added to the list of beautiful heritage of the planet.
Campos Cerrado National Parks: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas, Brazil
The picturesque landscapes of "campos cerrado" are formed by two the most beautiful parks, representing a zone of savannas covered with forest thickets.
The richest flora and diverse fauna of the region is one of the most ancient since the appearance of biosystems of the tropical climatic zone.
In 2001, the protected area was named a priceless treasure by UNESCO.
James Island and Related Landmarks, The Gambia
The turbulent waters of the Gambia River wash the shores of the small island of James Island, which, together with the sights surrounding it, added to the list of amazing heritage of our planet in 2003.
The fortified piece of land is an eloquent illustration of the development of relations between Africans and Europeans, the formation of which proceeded over hundreds of years, starting from the pre-colonial era, ending with the period of Africans gaining full independence.
The island keeps the memory of the difficult times of the prosperity of the slave trade and is a witness to its abolition, and the monuments located on its territory clearly confirm the fact of the development of African territory by European peoples.
Rings of megalith stones in Senegambia, Gambia
An amazing object, in 2006, included in the list of the heritage of the planet, is represented by 93 rings of stones that formed four large-scale complexes in several regions of the Gambia, as well as an impressive number of burial mounds. Many burials have been excavated, thanks to which archaeologists have been able to establish that they correspond to the period starting from the 3rd century BC, ending by the 16th century AD. The formation of the sacred landscape, illustrating the life of a well-organized and prosperous community, has been going on for over 1500 years.
The extraction of stones was carried out by means of tools made of metal. They were hewn out, turning into pillars of a cylindrical (or polyhedral) shape, the weight of which reached seven tons and a height of two meters. Rings formed by 8-14 stones, as a rule, were located near the mounds. The careful processing of the pillars demonstrates the skill of their creators, who have transformed the Gambian landscape many centuries ago.
This unique archaeological site is just a small part of a large-scale archaeological zone, on the territory of which there are over a thousand megalithic monuments.
Monastery on Skellig Michael Island, Ireland
Built in the 7th century, the monastery ensemble rises on the dizzying slopes of the picturesque island of Skellig Michael, located near the Irish coast. This Christian settlement demonstrates the difficult conditions in which the first Irish monks lived.
Listed as a heritage site in 1996, the island has been preserved in almost pristine condition due to the fact that it was hardly visited.
At the end of 2002, 104 sites were inscribed on the UNESCO List, located in 23 countries of the region. Most of them
In Mexico (22),
In Brazil (16) and
To Peru (10)
Of these, 71 objects cultural heritage
Chronologically, they cover the period of time from the second millennium BC to the present day. But mostly they represent the periods of the Middle Ages and modern times. Accordingly, they can be divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian objects.
TO pre-Columbian era
The objects of the heritage of the three already mentioned Latin American civilizations are included.
In Mesoamerica, these are world famous
Monuments of the Mayan Indians - the ruins of the cities of Palenque,
Chichen Itza,
Uxmal in Mexico
on the Yukotan peninsula,
Copan in Honduras
Monuments of the time of the Aztecs in Central Mexico (Teotihuacan).
they are characterized by such monumental structures,
like step pyramids, teokalli,
rulers' palaces
playgrounds for ball games.
In the Andean region, many objects belong to this era
in Peru - the famous mysterious geoglyphs Nazca desert,
Fragments ancient capital Inca city of Cusco
in Colombia - the archaeological parks of San Agustin and Tierradentro
in Bolivia - the archaeological area of Tiwanaku near Lake. Titicaca
With a certain degree of conventionality, the world-famous stone statues of Easter Island in pacific ocean described by Thor Heyerdahl and other travelers
Post-Columbian era
Associated mainly with the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of Central and South America after the start of the Great geographical discoveries.
From Spanish heritage objects of this era include
Cities with a rectangular layout characteristic of the Spanish architecture of that time, central square(“plaza mayor”), numerous Catholic cathedrals and monasteries, palaces of the nobility.
In the West Indies, for example,
G. Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic associated with
in the name of Columbus
The old part of Havana with its fortifications in Cuba
Historic city centers of Mexico City, Puebla - in Mexico
Cities and fortresses in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama
Monuments of Cartagena in Venezuela,
Quito in Ecuador
Cusco in Peru
Mining town of Potosi in Bolivia
Legacy of colonial Portugal widely represented in Brazil (the cities of Salvador, Olinda, Ouro Preto, etc.)
Go to objects modern times relate
The new capital of Brazil is the city of Brasilia, designed and built by Brazilian architects Luis Costa and Oscar Niemeyer and having the symbolic shape of an airplane with a "fuselage" and "wings". This is one of the most grandiose and organic in design and execution of town-planning objects of the 20th century.
Objects natural heritage in region 30.
This National parks and reserves. The most famous
Iguazu in Brazil and Argentina
Los Glaciares in Argentina
Manu in Peru
Galapagos Islands in Ecuador
At the end of 2008, 120 Latin American sites were included in the UNESCO List, which are located in 30 countries of this region. Most of them are in Mexico (28), Brazil (16) and Peru (10).
Of the total number of objects, the vast majority (82) belong to the category of cultural heritage objects. Chronologically, they cover the period of time from the second millennium BC to the present day. But for the most part, they represent the periods of the Middle Ages and modern times. Accordingly, they can be divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian objects.
The objects of the pre-Columbian era mainly include the legacy of the three already mentioned Latin American civilizations. In Meso-America, these are such world-famous monuments of the Maya Indians as the ruins of the cities of Palenque, Chichen Itza, Uxmal in Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula, Copan in Honduras, as well as monuments of the time of the Aztecs in Central Mexico (Teotihuacan). They are characterized by such monumental structures as step pyramids-teokalli, palaces of rulers, steles, ball courts. Most of them were discovered in the XIX century. and now attract many tourists. In the Andean region, many objects in Peru belong to the pre-Columbian era (including the famous mysterious geoglyphs of the Nazca desert, fragments of the ancient Inca capital of Cusco), in Colombia (the archaeological parks of San Agustin and Tierradentro), in Bolivia (the archaeological area of Tiwanaku near Lake. Titicaca). With a certain degree of conventionality, another world-famous heritage site can be attributed to the Andean region - stone statues of Fr. Easters in the Pacific described by Thor Heyerdahl and many other travelers and explorers.
The post-Columbian era, associated mainly with the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of Central and South America after the beginning of the Great geographical discoveries, was also widely reflected in the cultural heritage of Latin America (Fig. 243). The objects of this era include mainly cities with a rectangular layout characteristic of Spanish architecture of that time, a central square (“plaza mayor”), numerous Catholic cathedrals and monasteries, and palaces of the nobility. In the West Indies, this is, for example, the city of Santo Domingo in Dominican Republic associated with the name of Columbus, the old part of Havana with its fortifications in Cuba, in Central America - historical centers cities of Mexico City, Puebla and some others in Mexico, as well as cities and fortresses in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama. From the Spanish heritage of this era in South America the most famous are the monuments of Cartagena in Venezuela, Quito in Ecuador, Cusco in Peru, the mining city of Potosí in Bolivia. The legacy of the colonial empire of Portugal is widely represented in Brazil (the cities of Salvador, Olinda, Ouro Preto, etc.).
The objects of the newest time in the region include the already mentioned new capital of Brazil - the city of Brasilia, designed and built by Brazilian architects Luis Costa and Oscar Niemeyer and having the symbolic shape of an airplane with a "fuselage" and "wings" in plan. This is one of the most grandiose and organic in design and execution of urban planning projects of the 20th century.
There are 35 World Natural Heritage Sites in Latin America. These are mainly national parks and reserves. Among them there are such famous ones as Iguazu in Brazil and Argentina, Los Glaciares in Argentina, Manu in Peru, Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. And among the mixed cultural and natural objects here are the ruins of the Mayan city of Tikal in Guatemala, the Inca mountain fortresses of Machu Picchu and Rio Abysseo in Peru.
