Along the eastern edges, tourists cannot ignore one of the greatest mysteries of history - the pyramid of Cheops. The only surviving miracle of the Ancient World, of the seven existing ones, generates the interest of scientists, archaeologists, historians, astrologers and simply admirers of secrets. To questions of the kind: “Where are the pyramids of Cheops?” or “Why is it worth visiting them?”, We will be happy to answer in our article.

What are the dimensions of the Cheops pyramid?

To fully understand the greatness of this architectural masterpiece just imagine its dimensions. Just imagine, this is a huge structure weighing about 6.4 million tons, located in Giza, the Republic of Egypt. The height of the pyramid of Cheops, even after erosion by the wind, reaches 138 meters, the size of the base reaches 230 meters, and the length of the side rib is 225 meters. And it is with this pyramid that greatest mysteries Egyptian history over which scientists from all over the world are struggling.

The secret of the pyramid of Cheops - who built it and why?

The most common theory is that the pyramid was built as a tomb for the pharaoh Cheops or Khufu (as the Egyptians themselves call him). Adherents of this theory confirm their guesses with the pyramid model itself. On the basis of 53 thousand square meters there are three tombs, one of which contains the Great Gallery.

However, opponents of this version emphasize that the tomb intended for Cheops is not decorated in any way. Which is strange, because, as you know, the Egyptians were adherents of pomposity and wealth in the design of the tombs of their rulers. And the sarcophagus itself, which was intended for one of the greatest pharaohs in Egyptian history, was not completed. The edges of the stone box that were not hewn to the end and the missing cover indicate that the craftsmen did not take the issue of burial too seriously. In addition, the remains of Cheops himself were not found during any excavations.

Video - How was the pyramid of Cheops built?

The version with the tomb is replaced by the version that the pyramid is an astronomical structure. Astonishing mathematical calculations and the ability to see constellations in the night sky through corridor-type shafts provide astronomers with reasons for discussion.

Archaeologists and scientists around the world are trying to unravel the truth of Khufu's pyramid in Giza. However, based on the facts already obtained, it can be said with certainty that the author of the project was Hemion, a close relative and, concurrently, the court architect of Cheops. Under his strict guidance for 20 years, from 2560 BC. and until 2540 BC, more than three dozens of builders, architects and laborers built a pyramid of huge granite blocks.

Some Egyptians and lovers of the occult perceive the pyramid as a religious object. They see a mystical pattern in the intersections of corridors and catacombs. But this idea has no sufficient basis, as well as the version of alien intervention. So, a certain circle of ufologists claims that only with the help of alien creatures could such a colossal work of architectural art be built.

What should a tourist know?

Tourists and admirers of Arab culture are only amused and inspired by the difference in versions and the general uncertainty that revolves around the pyramid of Cheops. Every year, hundreds of thousands of visitors come to the foot of the granite structure in order to touch the history. And the locals are only happy about this - the visitors have all the conditions for educational excursions.

Twice a day, at 8 and 13 o'clock, a group of up to 150 people comes to the pyramid. Inside, they enter through a passage located on the north side. But, having finally arrived at the place of a kind of pilgrimage, not all visitors are ready for what the Cheops pyramid is like inside. The long, low, flanked passage makes some foreigners feel claustrophobic. And sand, dust and stale air can cause asthma.

But for those who overcame themselves and withstood the transition into the pyramid, all the architectural grandeur of Egyptian culture is revealed. Massive walls, the Grand Gallery, the general feeling of antiquity and authenticity - this is exactly what captivates guests.

On the south side, at the exit, tourists are offered to get acquainted with the exhibits, which are the fruits of many years of excavation. Here you can also look at the Solar Boat - one of the largest floating vehicles discovered in the entire history of the archaeological activity of mankind. Here you can buy souvenirs and commemorative figurines, T-shirts and so on.

Those who stay until late in the evening will be lucky enough to see light show. Under the spotlights, the organizers create a unique, slightly mystical atmosphere, and tell mystery stories about the pyramid and Egyptian culture.

Another point that visitors to the Cheops pyramid should pay attention to is the issue of photo and video shooting. Inside the building itself, there is a ban on any filming, as well as on the desire of some people to climb the pyramid itself. But, leaving the tomb and buying a souvenir, you can take countless pictures from any angle. In the photo, the pyramid of Cheops will sparkle with new colors and amaze with its geometric shapes.

However, you should be as vigilant as possible and not give your gadgets to strangers, other tourists and, especially, local residents. Otherwise, you risk either never seeing your camera at all, or parting with an impressive amount to get it back.

From a purely practical point of view, there is nothing strange in this. As you know, in any tourist center world, the local population prefers to make a profit at any cost. Hence the inflated prices, and the propensity for fraud, and a large number of pickpockets. That is why you should be as vigilant as possible.

Pyramid of Cheops: interesting facts

Pyramid of Cheops - beautiful and amazing creation. She is an object of admiration for scientists, artists, writers, directors and many other people who are not afraid to solve mysteries. And before you head to Giza to the granite massif, you should read the stories about it. To do this, there are dozens of movies on the network. Such as, for example, the documentary "Unraveling the Mystery of the Cheops Pyramid" directed by Florence Tran. In it, the author tries to consider as broadly as possible the idea of ​​​​building, the mystery of creation and the true purpose of the pyramid of the great pharaoh.

Interestingly, despite the unfinished sarcophagi and the lack of unambiguous information about the architect of the Cheops pyramid, the inner mines are the biggest mystery. According to experts, reaching a width of 13 to 20 centimeters, the shafts run along the sides of the main rooms and have a diagonal exit to the surface. What is the specific purpose of these mines is still unknown. Whether it is ventilation, or secret passages, or a kind of air gap. Until today, science has no concrete information on this matter.

Video - Facts about the pyramid of Cheops

Just like with the process of building a pyramid. Materials for one of the seven wonders of the world were delivered from a nearby quarry. But it is still not known how large boulders weighing up to 80 tons were delivered to the construction site. Here again a lot of questions arise regarding the level of technological progress of the Egyptians. Or to the question of magic or higher intelligence.

What is the pyramid of Cheops really? Tomb? Observatory? Occult object? A message from alien civilizations? This we will probably never know. But each of us has a chance to go to Giza and, having touched history, put forward our own assumption.

Statistics about the pyramid of Cheops

Rice. 1. Pyramid of Cheops in the 19th century.

• Altitude (today): ≈ 138.75 m
• Side face angle: 51° 50′
• Side face length (original): 230.33 m (calculated) or about 440 King's cubits
• Side face length (now): about 225 m
• The length of the sides of the base of the pyramid: south - 230.454 m; north - 230.253 m; west - 230.357 m; east - 230.394 m.
• Base area (originally): ≈ 53,000 m² (5.3 ha)
• Area of ​​the pyramid: (originally) ≈ 85,500 m²
• Perimeter: 922 m.
• The total volume of the pyramid without deducting the cavities inside the pyramid (initially): ≈ 2.58 million m³
• Total volume of the pyramid, after subtracting all known cavities (initially): 2.50 million m³
• Average size of observed stone blocks: 1.0 m wide, high and deep (but most are rectangular.)
• Average weight of stone blocks: 2.5 t
• Heaviest stone block: 15t
• Number of blocks: about 2.5 million
• Estimated total weight of the pyramid: about 6.25 million tons
• The base of the pyramid rests on a natural rocky elevation with a height of about 9 m in the center. .

Our "Important Editor's Note" :

Until now, among scientists and, in particular, among Egyptologists, there is " persistent delusion ", What the Pyramid of Cheops and other pyramids in Egypt were built by ancient masters as " tombs ». « Delusion ”appeared from archaeologists who dig up ancient cities and the graves of the dead. At the same time, everyone knows that burials of royal persons were not found in any Egyptian pyramid. This " delusion "still does not allow scientists to look at the pyramid, well, for example, as a unique ancient " resonant device colossal size and amazing accuracy. It was originally hermetically sealed "as a resonator of a certain frequency range, not to hide the treasures of the pharaohs there, it itself was a treasure of ancient sacred knowledge . This knowledge is still unknown to us! You can only " forget this delusion ”, which is rather connected with the terrifying conservatism of scientists’ perception of everything new, which may relate to the field of other sciences, and try“ figure out at the core of this knowledge. For example, Egyptologists may internally " shudder ", when, for example, they hear the words - a resonator," energy matrix of the Universe », physical chemistry high-precision material processing, etc., since all this belongs to the field of knowledge of other sciences, which they do not know! After that, another " stable stereotype of significance the person telling them about it. They ask the question - Who are you, Academician, Corresponding Member, Doctor of Science… so that we listen to your words?! In our little scientific community no one talks about these things...?! Maybe it's just your imagination…?! Farewell dear... ". Everything is like in Andersen's fairy tale - " ugly duck". Therefore, in all texts from the Wikipedia encyclopedia, the words - burial chambers - Type in italics. For the same reasons, the words air ducts ", in part of which, as you know, are" sealed traffic jams ”, we also type in italics.

About the pyramid

The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu"(or more accurately " Pertaining to the sky - (this is) Khufu"). Consists of blocks of limestone, basalt and granite. It was built on a natural hill. Although the pyramid Cheops- the highest and most voluminous of all Egyptian pyramids, but still Pharaoh Sneferu built the pyramids in Meidum and Dahshut (Broken Pyramid and Pink Pyramid), the total mass of which is estimated at 8.4 million tons. This means that 2.15 million tons were used to build these pyramids. or 25.6% more material than was required for the pyramid of Cheops.

The pyramid was originally lined with white limestone, harder than the main blocks. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone - a pyramidion. The cladding shone peach in the Sun, as if " a shining miracle to which the sun god Ra himself seemed to give all his rays". In 1168 AD e. The Arabs sacked and burned Cairo. Residents of Cairo removed the lining from the pyramid in order to build new houses .

pyramid structure

Strabo Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find the innumerable treasures of the pharaoh there, but found there only a layer of dust half a cubit thick.

Inside the pyramid of Cheops there are three burial chambers located one above the other.

Rice. 2. Cross section of the pyramid of Cheops: 1. Main entrance, 2. The entrance made by Al-Ma'mun , 3. Crossroads, “traffic jam” and Al-Mamun tunnel made “bypassing” traffic jams , 4. Descending corridor, 5. Unfinished underground chamber – ( funeral « pit ”), 6. Ascending corridor, 7. “ Queen's Chamber» with outgoing « air ducts ”, 8. Horizontal tunnel, 9. Large gallery, 10. pharaoh's chamber With " air ducts ”, 11. Prechamber, 12. Grotto.

The entrance to the pyramid is located at a height of 15.63 meters on the north side. . The entrance is formed by stone slabs laid in the form of an arch. This entrance to the pyramid was sealed with a granite plug. . A description of this plug can be found in Strabo. Today, tourists get inside the pyramid through a 17 m gap, which was made in 820 by Caliph Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find the pharaoh's innumerable treasures there, but found there only a layer of dust half a cubit thick. . Inside the pyramid of Cheops are three burial chambers . They are located one below the other - King's Chamber(pharaoh)", " Queen's Chamber», Unfinished underground chamber – (funeral « pit »).

Grotto, Grand Gallery and Chambers (Chamber) of the Pharaoh with a sarcophagus

Rice. 3. View King's chambers ( Rice. 2. - p. 10) with an empty sarcophagus. You can clearly see exactly fitted flat blocks of granite, from which the walls, floor and ceiling of this room are made. The empty granite sarcophagus is located asymmetrically in relation to the dimensions of the room.

Rice. 4. Big oblique Gallery(Fig. 2. - p. 9), leading to " Chamber of the King (Pharaoh)» (Fig. 2. - p. 11 and p. 10). The walls of the gallery are made inclined with narrowing upwards and have symmetrical protruding ledges. On the right and left sides of the passage on rectangular ledges, rectangular grooves are also clearly visible, located at an equal distance from each other. There are 28 pairs of these grooves in total. Since there are grooves, it means that something was definitely inserted there and, probably, was removed. However, the grooves could perform another function, which, to our regret, is not yet known.

Another branch from the lower part of the Grand Gallery is a narrow almost vertical shaft about 60 m high, leading to the lower part of the descending passage. There is an assumption that it was intended for the evacuation of workers or priests who completed " sealing » main passage to « King's chamber". Approximately in the middle of it is a small, most likely natural extension - " Grotto» ( Grotto) of irregular shape, in which several people could fit from strength. Grotto- (Fig. 2 - (12)) is located on " junction» masonry of the pyramid and a small, about 9 meters high, hill on a limestone plateau lying at the base of the Great Pyramid. The walls of the Grotto are partially reinforced with ancient masonry, and since some of its stones are too large, there is an assumption that the Grotto existed on the Giza plateau as an independent structure long before the construction of the pyramids, and the evacuation shaft itself was built taking into account the location of the Grotto. However, taking into account the fact that the shaft was actually hollowed out in the already laid masonry, and not laid out, as evidenced by its irregular circular section, the question arises of how the builders managed to accurately reach the Grotto.

Big Gallery

Rice. 5. Black and white shot of the beginning Great Gallery ( Rice. 2. - p. 9) with a high step, at which stands a fellah. On the right and left, rectangular grooves along the lower part of the side walls of the gallery are clearly visible. 1910

The large gallery continues the ascending passage. Its height is 8.53 m, it is rectangular in cross section, with walls slightly tapering upward (the so-called “false vault”), a high inclined tunnel 46.6 m long. In the middle Grand gallery almost along the entire length, there is a square recess, regular in section, with dimensions 1 meter wide and 60 cm deep, and on both side protrusions there are 27 pairs of recesses of an incomprehensible purpose . The deepening ends with the so-called. " big step"- a high horizontal ledge, a platform of 1x2 meters, at the end of the Great Gallery, directly in front of the manhole in" hallway » - Anterior chamber ( king) (Fig. 2. - p. 11). The site has a pair of recesses similar to the recesses of the ramp, recesses at the corners near the wall ( 28th and last pair of recesses BG.). Through the "entrance hall" the manhole leads to the burial "Chamber of the King", lined with black granite, where an empty granite sarcophagus is located.

Above the "King's Chamber" are discovered in the XIX century. five unloading cavities with a total height of 17 m, between which lie monolithic slabs with a thickness of about 2 m, and above - a gable ceiling. Their purpose is to distribute the weight of the overlying layers of the pyramid (about a million tons) in order to protect the "King's Chamber" from pressure. . Graffiti has been found in these voids, probably left by workers.

Rice. 6. Isometric plan with cuts king's chamber. On the left, the upper end of the slope is visible. galleries with grooves on the sides, a rectangular step in front of the entrance and a hole into the King's chamber. Bottom right king's chamber granite sarcophagus on the right side of the chamber king. On the right, there is a rectangular shaft above the sarcophagus, which ends with an unloading gable " roof » from granite blocks - «

Rice. 7. Black and white shot entrance and manhole from inside the King's Chamber. 1910

Ascending Corridor and Queen's Chambers

From the first third of the descending passage (after 18 m from the main entrance) upwards at the same angle of 26.5 ° there is an ascending passage to the south (Fig. 2. - p. 6 ) about 40 m long, ending in the lower part of the Great Gallery (Fig. 2. - p. 9 ).

Rice. 8. At its beginning, the ascending passage contains 3 large cubic granite "plugs", which, on the outside, from the descending passage, were masked by a block of limestone that fell out by chance during the work of Al-Mamun - (Fig. 2 - p. 3) Thus, for the previous approximately 3 thousand years it was believed that in the Great Pyramid there were no other premises, except for the descending passage and the underground chamber. Al-Ma'mun failed to break through these plugs, and he simply hollowed out a bypass in the softer limestone to the right of them. This passage is still in use today. . There are two main theories about the plugs, one of them is that the ascending passage has plugs installed at the beginning of construction and thus this passage was sealed by them from the very beginning. The second asserts that the present narrowing of the walls was caused by an earthquake, and the plugs were previously located within the Great Gallery and were used to seal the passage only after the burial of the pharaoh. An important mystery of this section of the ascending passage is that in the place where the traffic jams are now located, in a full-size, albeit shortened model of the pyramid's passages - the so-called. test corridors north of the Great Pyramid - there is a junction of not two, but three corridors at once, the third of which is a vertical tunnel. Since no one has been able to move the traffic jams so far, the question of whether there is a vertical hole above them remains open. In the middle of the ascending passage, the construction of the walls has a peculiarity: the so-called “frame stones” are installed in three places - that is, the passage, square along the entire length, pierces through three monoliths. The purpose of these stones is unknown. .

A horizontal corridor 35 m long and 1.75 m high leads to the second burial chamber from the lower part of the Great Gallery in a southerly direction. The second chamber is traditionally called « Queen's chamber”, although according to the rite, the wives of the pharaohs were buried in separate small pyramids. " Queen's Chamber”, lined with limestone, has 5.74 meters from east to west and 5.23 meters from north to south; its maximum height is 6.22 meters. There is a high niche in the eastern wall of the chamber.

Rice. 9. Isometric plan with sections chambers of the Queen(Fig. 2 - item 7). Shown on the left stepped niche in the cell wall. Right horizontal entrance in the Queen's chamber. Above the walls of the Chamber of the Queen there are stone blocks in the form of a gable roof to relieve pressure on the chamber. Schematically shows the channels "air ducts" coming out of the chamber.

Rice. 10. Entry type into a stepped niche from chambers of the Queen(Fig. 2 - item 7).

Rice. eleven. Black and white image of the entrance to the Queen's Chamber from the inclined Gallery (Fig. 2 - p. 8). 1910

ventilation ducts

From " King's chambers" (Fig. 2 - item 10) and " Queen's chambers"(Fig. 2 - item 7) in the northern and southern directions (first horizontally, then obliquely upwards) the so-called" ventilation » Channels with a width of 20-25 cm. At the same time, the channels « King's chambers», known since the 17th century, through, they are open both from below and from above (on the faces of the pyramid) , while the lower ends of the channels " Queen's chambers"separates about 13 cm from the surface of the wall, they were discovered by tapping in 1872. The upper ends of these channels do not reach the surface of the side faces of the Cheops pyramid. . The end of the southern channel is closed with stone " doors", discovered in 1993 using the remote-controlled robot "Upuaut II". In 2002, with the help of a new modification of the robot " door” was drilled, but a small cavity was discovered behind it and another “ door». What's next is still unknown. . Versions are currently being expressed that the purpose of " ventilation » channels is of a religious nature and is associated with the ideas of the Egyptians about the afterlife journey of the soul .

Funeral "pit"

A descending corridor 105 m long, going at an inclination of 26° 26'46, leads to a horizontal corridor (Fig. 2. - point 4) 8.9 m long leading to the chamber (Fig. 2. - point 5), named Funeral "pit". Located below ground level, in a rocky limestone base, it remained unfinished. The dimensions of the chamber are 14 × 8.1 m, it is elongated from east to west. The height of the chamber reaches 3.5 m. south wall In the chamber, there is a well about 3 m deep, from which a narrow manhole (0.7 × 0.7 m in cross section) stretches southward for 16 m, ending in a dead end. Engineers John Shae Perring and Howard Vyse early XIX century dismantled the floor in the cell and dug a deep well 11.6 m deep in which they hoped to find a hidden burial room . They were based on the evidence of Herodotus, who claimed that the body of Cheops was on an island surrounded by a channel in a hidden underground chamber. Their digs came up with nothing. . Later research showed that the chamber was abandoned unfinished, and burial chambers it was decided to arrange in the center of the pyramid itself .

Rice. 12. Black and white image of the interior " underground» cameras. 1910. Half of the fellah's body is visible on the left, leaning out of the passage into the cell.

A COMMENT:

Now we can show on the plan the Pyramid of Cheops in the matrix of the Universe the position " Libra in h ale Judgment of Maat over the hearts of Ab (Ab)Living creatures". Figure 13 shows a section of the Cheops pyramid according to Weiss. It is more accurate than the one shown in Figure 2 from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Rice. 13. Cross section of a pyramid Cheops (Khufu, Khufu) in Giza. By Weiss.

Rice. 14. The figure shows the result of combining the section of the pyramid of Cheops (according to Weiss) in Giza with " energy matrix of the universe ”or simply the matrix of the Universe. This drawing is similar to Figure 8 from our work - Amon-Ra discovered the secret of the original plan of the premises in the pyramid of Cheops. All the main elements of the section of the pyramid of Cheops are located in the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe. The top of the vault above king's chamber» aligned with the third position from the left on the 7th level, the base « King's chambers» with the sarcophagus was combined with the 10th level. Foundation " Queen's chambers"- with the 12th level, the base of the pyramid - with the 14th level. Entrance to the gallery - with the 13th level, the passage to " lower horizon"in the rocky base of the pyramid - with the 14th level, and he" lower horizon” aligned with the 17th level of the Nether matrix. The remaining elements of combining the plan of the section of the pyramid with the matrix of the Universe are clearly visible in the figure. Side angles of the pyramid Khufu and matrix pyramids are clearly different. Right side of the pyramid section Khufu facing north and the left side facing south.

Now compatible with the matrix of the Universe Egyptian pattern of weighing the heart Ab (Ab) from our work - The Mystery of the Tombstone by the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova together with the plan of the section of the pyramid Khufu, which is shown in the previous figure 14.

In the well-known Egyptian The myth of Osiris « council of the gods» in the retinue of Osiris ( Asar) was called - " pout – Paut". Their total number was - 42. « council of the gods"helped Osiris analyze and evaluate the deeds of a deceased person for a lifetime. The number 42 exactly corresponds to the sum of the "positions" of 13, 14 and 15 levels – 13+14+15 = 42 - The lower world of the matrix of the Universe. In the same area of ​​the matrix of the Universe was located " Hall Double » Maati (Goddess of Truth and Truth), where on the scales it was weighed " heart » – Ab - Ab – (Aspects the soul of the creature). Placed on one scale feather maati, and on the other scale was placed " heart » Ab. If " heart » Ab turned out to be harder Feather Maati ", or Maat herself with open arms on the scales, ( the creature sinned a lot), then this heart " ate " creature Ammit with the head and half of the body of a crocodile, and the back half of the body of a hippo.

Rice. 15. Ancient Egyptian scene drawing weighing the heart » « Ab". On the left is the goddess of truth and truth - Maat. On the right is the god of wisdom Thoth. Below Ammit.

Rice. 16. The figure shows the result of joint combination in the matrix of the Universe of the pyramid plan Khufu and an Egyptian drawing of a scene weighing the heart » « Ab". It is clearly seen that the vertical axis of the scales is aligned with the vertical axis of the matrix pyramid and the section of Khufu's pyramid, and the transverse crossbar of the scales is aligned with the 14th level of the Lower World of the Universe matrix, which is also the base of Khufu's pyramid on a rocky plateau. The remaining details of the combination are visible in the figure.

Now, on top of this drawing, we write the word in Egyptian hieroglyphs pout (paut), which will show us the location area in the matrix of the 42 gods - the advisers of Osiris.

Rice. 17. The figure shows the entry of the word POUT – PAUT Egyptian hieroglyphs into the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe, which " determine Osiris (asar). The lower hieroglyph in the form of a "circle with a square inside" defines » in the matrix of the Universe, the location of the 42 gods - advisers Osiris (Asar). Hieroglyph T(t) aligned with the Queen's chamber. Hieroglyph Y(U) practically occupied the entire space from the base of the King's Chamber to the sharp top of a rectangular shaft above the sarcophagus in the King's Chamber. The shaft ends with an unloading gable " roof » from granite blocks - « Above the "King's Chamber" are discovered in the XIX century. five unloading cavities with a total height of 17 m, between which lie monolithic slabs with a thickness of about 2 m, and above - a gable ceiling. The position of the remaining hieroglyphs is clearly visible in the figure. Assuming that the word pout (paut) was for the priests of Egypt one of the " prayer words » inside the pyramid of Cheops, such as when they were indoors king's chamber in front of the sarcophagus, which could simply be opened, then such a rite can be called an appeal to the council 42 gods - assistants of Osiris (asar). Wherein Pyramid of Khufu, How " resonant device ” similarly translated the words of prayer into the matrix of the Universe. If an Egyptian word is added to the words of the prayer appeal of the priests Paauta (Paauta) meaning like " creature male» so and « creature woman”(Fig. 13) from our work - Who are you Russians, and we know who! , then you get the following meaningful prayer appeal, for example, - “ We pray to Osiris and his advice to the gods (pout) about sending forgiveness and blessings to the soul of the King - Pharaoh and/or to his close associates for future incarnation into a human being — (Paauta)". Wherein Pyramid of Khufu again, How " resonant device ” similarly translated the words of prayer into the matrix of the Universe. With the seeming fantasticness of our assumption, it may correspond to the true state of affairs, and determine the true purpose of construction pyramids of Khufu. Probably other Egyptian pyramids too. This is indicated by the surprisingly accurate results of combining the plan of the pyramid of Khufu, Egyptian drawings and Egyptian words written in hieroglyphs into the matrix of the Universe. Additional " resonant devices ", which could be installed in the grooves of the inclined Gallery, strengthened" Effect » such a connection. Thus, all Pyramid of Khufu and its specific interior spaces constituted a single " resonant device » to contact « subtle worlds of the Universe and their inhabitants. The priests of ancient Egypt were wise scientists, possessed sacred knowledge, and, for sure, knew how to work with it even " hermetically sealed » « resonant device ". Today, with a large number of destruction - changes in the parameters of the resonant device » its quality can be « broken or worsened ».

Figure 18 shows the result of writing in Egyptian hieroglyphs the word Paauta (Paauta) - "creature male"into the matrix of the Universe and comparing it with the Sanskrit entry of the word Jiva Loka – « space Jiv - Soul » in the matrix of the Universe.

Rice. 18. This is how the Egyptian priests understood what Creature Man". On the right in the figure, an ancient hieroglyphic inscription is shown. Paut - Paauta – Paauta – « Creature Man". It was enough to change the last hieroglyph to the image of a woman and the hieroglyphic record would be read - “ Creature Woman", and it would also sound - Paut - Paauta – Paauta. On the left in the picture is written in Sanskrit the word - Jiva Loka- space Shower - Jiv in the matrix of the Universe. Comparing the hieroglyphic notation on the right and the Sanskrit notation on the left, we see that the top hieroglyph Pa (Pa) in the form of a bird with open wings means the possibility Souls - Jivas rise above the former space and rush further into the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe. Egyptian priests knew about this possibility for Souls - Jivas, which the Lord gave her, and reflected it in hieroglyphic text.

In conclusion, we can say that the idea of ​​​​building such a huge structure as Pyramid of Khufu, only for the purpose disposable » the tombs of the pharaoh does not stand up to criticism. The more likely purpose of such construction was to create " reusable » — « resonant device » to contact « subtle worlds ” in the universe, which we tried to convince our readers with the results of our research given in the article. At the same time, we note that council of 42 gods - advisers to Osiris (asar) or according to the sacred Vedas of India - monastery « judges » Jiva - Yamaraji, continue to function to this day, dear reader !

More detailed information about the matrix of the Universe can be obtained by reading the articles on the site in the section "Egyptology" - Secret knowledge of the Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part one. Pythagoras, Tetractys and god Ptah and Secret knowledge of Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part two. Nomes of Egypt.

You can help the development of our project by pressing the “Donate” button in the upper right corner of the main page of the site or transfer funds from any terminal to our account at your request - Yandex Money - 410011416569382 "in 17 books, which serves as the best source for learning geography ancient world. Strabo was originally from Strabo's earliest teacher and inspiration. ; the fact is that the followers of Aristotle were also interested in geography and inherited from their teacher some general provisions on this subject. Biggest Influence Strabo had the Stoics with their real-ethical understanding of the Homeric poems. In this regard, Strabo's closest model was Polybius. Strabo continued the writing of Polybius in the extensive historical work Historical Notes, which consisted of 43 books: the events of Roman history, starting with the destruction of Carthage (146 BC) and ending, probably, with the battle of Actium (31 BC) , were the subject of this work, which has not come down to us, but is mentioned by Strabo in his Geography. In his writings, Strabo also repeatedly referred to Artemidor of Ephesus, who lived shortly before him. Strabo did not soon gain fame; but later antiquity highly revered him as a geographer par excellence, and the flat sphere of Strabo, with only minor changes along the edges, was held until the 5th century AD . Internet link address Strabo– Wikipedia –

Properties of the pyramid of Cheops.

Veinik V.A.

Introduction.

Word " pyramid"" was produced by the famous "antique" "author Pliny the Elder from the word" flame ", which means in Greek pyr - fire, heat. And since the sounds" p "and" l "in Egypt were mixed, the word" pyramid \u003d pylamide "immediately approaches the Slavic word "flame". So, the words "pie", "flame", "pyramid \u003d pylamida" turn out to have the same root! Perhaps they all came from the Slavic word "flame".
Pyramid- a polyhedron, the base of which is a polygon, and the remaining faces are triangles having a common vertex.
The center of gravity of the volume of the pyramid(or cone) lies on a straight line segment connecting the top of the pyramid (cone) with the center of gravity of the base, at a distance equal to 3/4 of the length of this segment, counting from the top.

Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops).

Wikipedia reference: the pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops is the Greek spelling of the Egyptian name), the Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day. The alleged architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops. Construction time - IV dynasty (2560-2540 BC). In Egypt, the date of the start of the construction of the Cheops pyramid is officially established and celebrated - August 23, 2480 BC. This date was obtained using the astronomical method of the Englishwoman Kate Spence.
Spence Keith(Spence Kate), British Egyptologist. Currently teaching archeology ancient egypt at the University of Cambridge. In 1997 she received her PhD from Christ's College, Cambridge. Email: [email protected]
There is a story of a certain "ancient Greek" historian Herodotus(nickname Herodotus - the Old Giver, probably lived in the 14th-15th centuries AD) about the pyramids, which are given considerable attention in his work "Muses" or "History" ["History. Euterpe", v. 2]: 124. "The construction of the pyramid itself lasted 20 years. It is four-sided, each side of it is 8 plethres wide and the same height, and is built of hewn stones carefully fitted to each other. Each stone is at least 30 feet long."
Here plefr(or pletra, other Greek pletron) - a unit of length in Ancient Greece, equal to 100 Greek or 104 Roman feet (feet), which is 30.65 m; Byzantine measure of length from 29.81 to 35.77 m.
IN 1638 English mathematician and astronomer John Greaves(John Greavs, 1602-1652), who graduated from Oxford and taught geometry in London, decided to go to Egypt. He explored the internal passages of the pyramid of Cheops and was the first to measure it. The height of the pyramid was 144 or 149 m, if we take into account the missing capstone. The errors in his calculations did not exceed three or four meters. Greaves published the results of his measurements and research in the book "Pyramidography, or Discourse on the Pyramids in Egypt" (London, 1646). It was generally the first scientific book about the pyramids.
IN 1661 English traveler Edward Melton(Edward Melton) measured great pyramid and was the first to visit the pyramids of Dashur (the southernmost "pyramid field" 26 km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile). In the work "Sights and Ancient Monuments Seen While Traveling in Egypt" (Amsterdam, 1661), he also placed images of the pyramids.
IN 1799 year in his multi-volume work, a French engineer, geographer and archaeologist Edme Francois Jaumard(Edme Francois Jomard, 1777-1862), together with other scientists (at least 175) who accompanied Napoleon's army to Egypt (1798-1801), compiled the first scientific description of the Cheops pyramid and made the first accurate measurements - he was the first to establish the exact height of the pyramid - 144 m , the angle of inclination of its sides is 51o19 "14" and the length of the rib from top to bottom is 184.722 m.
In 1842-1862. E.-F. Zhomar published a collection of "Monuments of the History of Geography".
Jomard Edme Francois, "Les monuments de la geographie; ou, Recueil d" anciennes cartes europeenes et orientales, (Atlas)" ("Monuments of the history of geography; or, Collection former cards, European and Oriental, (Atlas)", Paris: Duprat, etc. 1842-1862).
IN 1837 English colonel William Howard-Weese(William Howard-Vyse, 1784-1853) measured the angle of inclination of the faces of the pyramid: it turned out to be 51 ° 51 ". This value is still recognized by most researchers today. The tangent equal to 1.27306 corresponds to the indicated value of the angle. This value corresponds to the ratio of the height of the pyramid to Wise's research is published in the three-volume Works Carried Out at the Pyramids of Giza in 1837 (London, 1840-1842).

Fig.1. Pyramid of Cheops (view from the east).

The main dimensions of the pyramid of Khufu (Cheops).

1) Platform at the top: originally crowned with a granite pyramid (pyramidion). The summit was presumably destroyed by an earthquake in 1301. Today, the top of the pyramid is a square with sides of about 10 m. During the Second World War, an English air defense post was located on the site.
2) pyramid height: 146.721  148.153 m (calculated). Most likely, the exact size is 146.59 m, and the rest of the values ​​are just varying degrees of rounding.
Height of the pyramid (today): ≈ 138.75 m.
3) Base length: 230.365  232.867 m (calculated).
The length of the sides of the base: south - 230.454 m (+/- 6 mm); north - 230.251 m (+/- 10 mm); west - 230.357 m; east - 230.394 m.
4) Apothem of the side face: 186.539  188.415 m (calculated).
5) Side face length (edge): 230.33 m (calculated).
The length of the side face (now): about 225 m.
6) Angle of inclination of the side face(Alpha Primary): 51°49"  51°52"06".
7) Number of layers (tiers) of stone blocks- 210 pcs. (at the time of construction).
Now layers - 203 pcs.
8) Entrance to the pyramid is located at an altitude of 15.63 m on the north side.

Fig.2. Pyramid of Cheops (view from the north).

Some aspect ratios.

According to experts, the estimated height of the Great Pyramid 146,59 m.
a) The ratio of the height of the pyramid to the length of the base is 7:11. It is this ratio that determines the angle of 51 ° 51 ", the angle of inclination of the side faces.
b) The ratio of the perimeter of the base (921.453 m) to the height (146.59 m) gives the number 6.28, that is, a number close to 2π.
The study of the geometry of the Great Pyramid does not give an unambiguous answer to the question of the original proportions of this structure. It is assumed (!) that the Egyptians had an idea about the "golden section" and the number "Pi", which were reflected in the proportions of the pyramid.

On the side of the cake is the "golden section".

Wikipedia reference: The golden section (golden proportion, division in the extreme and average ratio) - the ratio of two quantities, equal to the ratio of their sum to the larger of these quantities. The approximate value of the golden ratio is
1 = 0,6+ 0,381966011250105151795413165634362.
For practical purposes, approximate values ​​of 0.62 and 0.38 are often used. If the segment AB is taken as 100 parts, then the larger part of the segment is 62, and the smaller one is 38 parts.
It is generally accepted that the concept of "golden" division was introduced into scientific use Pythagoras(VI century BC), although he did not write his own treatises, in addition, none of the subsequent "ancient" authors ever quoted from the works of Pythagoras or even pointed out the existence of such works. However, put it on your nose, reader: "The place of Pythagoras in the history of world philosophical and religious systems is on a par with Zoroaster, Jina Mahavira, Buddha, Kung Fu Tzu and Lao Tzu. His teaching is imbued with clarity and enlightenment."
In the old literature that has come down to us, the "golden" division is first mentioned in the "Beginnings" of Euclid (the author's nickname, meaning "Glorified", or even the title of the book itself "Well bound"). The ancient text of Euclid's "Beginnings" has not reached our time, but nevertheless, the first translation into Latin was allegedly made from Arabic in the 1st quarter of the 12th century. And finally, fir-trees, in Venice in 1482, the first printed edition of Euclid's "Beginnings" appeared with drawings on the margins of the book!
Around 1490-1492 Leonardo da Vinci(Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519) introduced the name "golden section" for the drawing of the Vitruvian Man, as an illustration for a book dedicated to the works of Vitruvius (the drawing was called the "square of the ancients" or "Golden Section"). It depicts the figure of a naked man in two superimposed positions: with arms spread apart, describing a circle and a square.
If a human figure - the most perfect creation of the universe - is tied with a belt and then measured the distance from the belt to the feet, then this value will refer to the distance from the same belt to the top of the head, as the entire height of a person relates to the length from the belt to the feet.
The second golden section.
In 1983, the Bulgarian artist Tsvetan Tsekov-Karandash published calculations showing the presence of a second form of the golden section, which followed from the main section and gives a different ratio of 44: 56 [Otechestvo magazine (Bulgaria), 1983, No. 10].
Tsekov-Pencil Tsvetan(1924-2010), Bulgarian cartoonist, illustrator and researcher of Leonardo da Vinci. He died due to an accident that happened to him in December 2009.

"Energy" properties of the pyramid.

Wikipedia reference: Energy pyramids - in New Age ("Western" mysticism) and esotericism, this is the name of a pyramid-shaped structure, which supposedly is a converter or accumulator (accumulator) of some bioenergy unknown to science.
IN 1864 English (Scottish) astronomer Charles Piazzi Smith(Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1819-1900) went to Egypt and became interested in the study of device and orientation great pyramids. The results of the research are given in three monographs "Our inheritance in the Great Pyramid" ("Our research on the Great Pyramid", 1864), "Life and work in the great Pyramid" ("Life and work on the Great Pyramid", in 3 volumes, 1867), "On the antiquity of intellectual Man" ("On the Antiquity of the Intellectual Man", 1868). Smith's measurements are still the classic reference for Great Pyramid metrology. For this work he was awarded the Keith Prize of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
However, in these books, Smith emphasized his mystical views and assumptions about the essence of the Great Pyramid to the detriment of strictly scientific approach. This caused a break with many scientists and even Smith's withdrawal from the Royal Society of London (1874).
In addition, Smith took the first photographs of the Great Pyramid and its internal passages and chambers using a special camera, and during these shootings, apparently for the first time in photography, he used magnesium as a flash lamp. Smith was, apparently, the first who received in his photograph the image of "ghosts" that are not visible to the naked eye at the time of photographing. It is not clear whether it was a joke of an astronomer, his design sophistication in photographing, or an accidental exposure twice, but since then, for a hundred and fifty years, this phenomenon has been actively discussed in publications on "alternative" science, and ghosts in photographs appear with enviable regularity.
IN 1958 Kabbalist and Egyptologist Mikhail Vladimirovich Saryatin(1883-1963) conducted a series of experiments inside the pyramid of Cheops, identifying several varieties of its radiation. Saryatin showed that the radiation of any pyramid has a complex structure and special properties:
a) Ray "Pi", under the influence of which the destruction of tumor cells and the destruction of microbes occurs;
b) The second beam, causing the mummification of organic matter (drying) and the destruction of microorganisms;
c) The third mysterious ray "Omega", under the influence of which food products that have been in the pyramid do not deteriorate for a long time, and which has a beneficial effect on the human body, increases its immune properties.
IN 1969 American experimental physicist Luis Alvarez(Luis Alvarez, 1911-1988) tried to find out with the help of cosmic rays whether there are still not found (secret) rooms in the Khafre pyramid. He installed cosmic radiation counters in it and conducted computer research. Alvarez's experiments caused a huge resonance in the scientific world - the geometry of the pyramid inexplicably disrupted the operation of all devices, forcing scientists to temporarily stop conducting experiments.
IN 1976 year French radiestezists (dowsers) Leon Chaumery(Leon Chaumery) and Arnold Belizal(Arnold Belizal) first suggested the role of the Great Pyramid as a transmitting station. They proved that due to the huge mass, the radiation of the shape of the pyramid reached such strength that from a very large distance, using the model of a small pyramid, it was possible to catch this radiation. Further, without a compass, accurately orient the route of a ship at sea or a caravan of camels in the Sahara using a cardboard pyramid.
Chaumery L., Belizal A. de, "Essai de Radiesthésie Vibratoire" ("An Essay on Vibrational Radiosthesia"), Paris: Editions Dangles, 1956.
IN 1988 hydrogeological engineer Alexander Efimovich Golod(born 1949) began to conduct the first experiments, when in the Dnepropetrovsk and Zaporozhye regions, thousands of hectares were sown with sunflower, corn and sugar beet seeds, processed in a pyramid. The results were impressive: the increase in yield ranged from 30 to 50%. Cucumbers from the pyramid stopped suffering from chronic "cucumber" diseases, and also endured drought and acid rain with enviable ease.
According to the teachings of Hunger, "firstly, the proportions: the height of an untruncated pyramid should be related to the side of the base as 2.02: 1; secondly, the pyramid itself, if biological objects are supposed to be placed in it, should be slightly truncated. As for the size, then they can be any, but it is better to do higher.With the doubling of the pyramid, the impact on the objects placed inside increases millions of times.

Fig.3. Scheme of the pyramids engineer A.E. Hunger.

Any dielectric can serve as a building material, but the walls must be made as thin as possible. You need to orient the constructed pyramid with a face (any) to the North Star. Seeds, seedlings and other items that you want to process in the pyramid can be placed anywhere in its internal object for a period of at least a day.
And the last. "The period of" acceleration "of any pyramid to the full power of its radiation is about three years."

Bovi-Drbala zone.

The zone is concentrated at a height of 1/3 from the base. The French radioesthetist drew attention to its existence. Andre Bovie(André Bovis, 1871–1947), also called Antoine or Alfred by some authors.
IN 1935 In the year Bovi, while exploring the Great Pyramid, discovered in the king's chamber the remains of several cats and other small animals that had accidentally wandered here. Their corpses looked rather strange: there was no smell and no noticeable signs of decomposition. Surprised by this phenomenon, Bowie examined the corpses and found that they were dehydrated and mummified, despite the humidity in the room. Assuming that the whole thing is in the form of a pyramid, Bovey made a wooden model of the Cheops pyramid, the side of the base of which was equal to 90 centimeters, and oriented it strictly to the north. Inside the pyramid, at the level of one third of the height, he placed a cat that had just died. A few days later, the corpse mummified. Bovi then experimented with other organic materials, in particular those that deteriorate quickly under ordinary conditions, such as bovine brains. The products did not spoil, and Bowie concluded that the shape of the pyramid had miraculous properties.
IN 1949 Czechoslovakian radio engineer Karel Drbal(Drbal Karel), inspired by the discovery of the Frenchman Bovy, invented a new way to keep razor blades sharp. He built a 15-cm model of the Cheops pyramid from cardboard, oriented it to the north and south, and placed a razor blade inside. Drbal claimed that this blade could be shaved at least 100 times - and it remained sharp. The result is recorded by patent No. 91304 dated 04/01/1952 "Method of sharpening razor blades and straight razors". Application No. Р2399-49 dated 11/04/1949. Published on 08/15/1959.
"According to the invention, the blades are stored in the Earth's magnetic field under the surface of a pyramid of dielectric materials such as thick paper, wax paper, cardboard, hardened plastic. The pyramid has a hatch of square, round, oval, etc. shapes, in which the blades are inserted in. Pyramids with a square base are best suited, and best with a side of the square equal to the height of the pyramid multiplied by half the Ludolf number.For example, for a height of 10 cm, a base of 15.7 cm is selected.The razor is placed on a substrate of dielectric material, the same as as the material of a pyramid, or another such as cork, wood, ceramics, paper, wax paper, etc., the height of which is chosen between 1/5 and 1/3 of the height of the pyramid.This substrate lies on a table, also made of dielectric material.The size of the backing is selected so that the blades rest freely on it, its height may differ from the specified range.Although this is not a requirement, it is recommended to install razors on the backing with their sharp edges facing east and west, and the longitudinal axes are directed respectively to the north and south.

Fig.4. Schematic of the pyramid of Cheops.

Chronal batteries.

Few people know that a thermophysicist A.I. Veinik experimentally studied a certain physical (material) connection of biological creatures with space. The simplest and oldest communication device, of all discovered in the last century (!), Is the huge pyramid of Cheops. Scientists enthusiastically took up the search for unusual oddities in the properties of the models of this pyramid. To their great regret, they lost sight of the fact that it was necessary to reveal not miracles - anomalies, but a fundamentally new radiation, the existence of which modern physics forbade (and forbids) completely.
Veinik, studying the so-called "chronal" radiation of polyhedra, noted [TRP, Chapter XVIII, paragraph "5. Chronal Accumulators"]: "It is even more curious that the ancient Egyptian priests were well aware of the properties of chronal radiations. This is evidenced by the geometry - configuration - their pyramids.In the location of the sarcophagus with the pharaoh, radiation is concentrated to such high intensities that they act detrimentally on many microorganisms.And not only on microorganisms: reports periodically appear in the press that all people who have been in the pyramids for a long time, subsequently "They die from strange diseases. This is how chronal radiation works. It is no coincidence that in Czechoslovakia a plastic pyramid model was used instead of a refrigerator for storing perishable products - microorganisms feel uncomfortable in such a pyramid. And in a small pyramid model, blades are even sharpened" [KS].
"However, chronal accumulators, or accumulations, or temporal accumulators serve as even simpler and accessible to everyone chronal sources - it was with them that I began the study of a truly simple chronal phenomenon" [TRP, p.332].
"Another type was suggested by the Egyptian pyramids. American researchers discovered about 150 different exotic effects that manifest themselves in the pyramid. Some of them are directly related to the chronal phenomenon. Therefore, a polyhedron with a certain aspect ratio and an appropriate orientation with respect to the cardinal points can also serve as a chronal accumulator Very effective polyhedrons with the ratio of the lengths of the edges of the pyramid of Cheops: if the side of the square at the base of the pyramid is equal to one, then the height is 0.63, and the side edge is about 0.95 "[TRP, p.332].
"There are other types of effective polyhedra. For example, a cylindrical prism, at the base of which lies a regular heptagon with a side of 7.5 cm; the height of the prism is 17 cm, from above and below it is crowned with seven-sided pyramids with an edge length of 12-12.5 cm, in total it turns out 21 facets" [TRP, p.333].
"Experiments show that any such polyhedron in the general case can be monolithic or hollow, made, for example, of paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, etc. You can also do without faces at all, it is enough to reproduce only the edges of the polyhedron from wire. This is explained as follows.
As is known, the strength of any field increases with the curvature of its isointensity lines. From here follows, for example, the effect of the point - let's recall the rod of the lightning rod pointed at the end. This also applies to the chronal field. The adherence of the latter to the interface of media greatly increases its concentration along the line or at the point of intersection of surfaces, especially if there are many of them at once intersected, because the curvature of isochronal lines is great here. As a result, the influence of the surfaces themselves is reduced to a minimum and it is possible to do without them at all, being limited to only edges - the wire frame of the polyhedron, but the area covered by the frame is very significant.
The important role of the media interface leads to the fact that the power (capacity) of any described battery is directly related to its size. For the same reason, capillary-porous bodies have a large chronocapacity. The colossal power of chronal radiations in the giant pyramid of Cheops becomes clear.
Polyhedra have a set of amazing and diverse properties that depend on the composition and structure of the material, the configuration, design and dimensions of the polyhedron, etc. Now only a small part of these properties has been deciphered, and almost nothing is known about the information they emit. For example, in Czecho-Slovakia, K. Drbal patented a method for keeping razors and razor knives sharp. After shaving, the blade is placed in a paper, cardboard or plastic Cheops-type pyramid 10 cm high after shaving at a height of 1/3 to 1/5 from the base. Changes occur in the material, allowing one blade to shave 50-200 times (depending on the thickness of the beard). Larger pyramids in the same Czechoslovakia are used to store perishable products, because the chronal field inside the pyramid has a detrimental effect on microbes. The same field preserves mummies in Egyptian and other similar pyramids.
Living nature is well aware of the property of various configuration systems to accumulate chronal matter and widely and skillfully uses this property for its own purposes. For example, V.S. Grebennikov discovered a strong effect of nesting bees and wasps on protozoa and some types of microbes, especially indicative in this sense are honeycombs with a clearly consistent repeating geometry.
The nature of the influence of the chronal field on biological and other objects is discussed in more detail below. Here, for us, the only important thing is that with the help of the simplest means it is easy to make a chronal accumulator, which is necessary for studying the properties of a truly simple chronal phenomenon. Each such battery spontaneously receives radiation from the Cosmos, as well as from terrestrial objects, especially of a biological nature, and is ready for operation in a few hours; it reaches its maximum power after many days, when it will gradually charge not only itself, but also charge all the surrounding objects, including the walls of the room. Unfortunately, almost all batteries of this kind are more or less harm the body, especially with prolonged exposure. In this sense, one can sympathize with the people working in the Louvre in Paris, over which a giant glass pyramid has recently been built" [TRP, pp. 333-334].
Reference: The glass pyramid of the Louvre is installed in the center of the Napoleonic courtyard (cour Napoléon), it houses the entrance hall, ticket offices, cloakroom and shops, as well as halls for temporary exhibitions, a lecture hall, a parking lot. It was built from 1985 to 1989. The pyramid of Cheops served as a prototype. Architect - Chinese American Yo Ming Pei(Eng. Ieoh Ming Pei, born 1917).
On March 30, 1989, the glass pyramid of the Louvre was officially opened.
Around the large pyramid are three smaller pyramids, they only serve as portholes. The faces of the pyramids are made entirely of glass segments, thus ensuring optimal illumination of the underground lobby, where the ticket offices, informatoriums and entrances to all three wings of the museum are located.
Somewhat later, Yo Ming Pei returned to his project again. On November 18, 1993, he built on the Place du Carrousel next to the Great Pyramid the so-called " inverted pyramid", which serves as another light window to illuminate the underground halls of the Louvre.
Its height is 7.5 m. With a base length of 13.29 m, each side face of the pyramid has an area of ​​66.6 sq.m. Under the top of the "inverted pyramid", which does not reach the floor of the underground hall by about 1.4 m, is placed a small pyramid three feet high, or somewhat less, of polished stone.

Application in metallurgy.

"The influence of the generator (concentrator of cosmic chronal radiations) in the form of a pyramid made according to the proportions of the famous pyramid of Cheops (Fig. 4) is of undoubted interest. Its faces are oriented by compass to the north, east, south and west. With the length of the side of the square at the base A, the length ribs B \u003d 0.95 A, height H \u003d 0.63 A. The hardening casting is placed inside the pyramid at its focus at a distance from one fifth to one third of the height - marked in the figure by a double solid vertical line.In pyramids made of roofing iron and cardboard without a bottom at A = 600 mm, the tensile strength of the previous casting increased by 12%, the yield strength - by 24%, and the elongation decreased by 14%.This option is interesting because it does not require any energy costs.Pyramid material (steel, cardboard ) has practically no effect on the properties of the casting.
The colossal penetrating power of the chronal field makes it possible to control the casting solidification process at a distance, to determine the position of the crystallization front inside the casting, etc. For example, a tube made of corrosion-resistant steel with a length of 1 m and an inner diameter of 15 mm was directed at a bismuth casting, through which the chronal radiation of the casting enters the DG-1 sensor with a quartz microresonator [TRP, p.342]. The metal in the mold (crucible) first melts and then solidifies, its chronal field and temperature are simultaneously recorded using a thermocouple embedded in the body of the casting.

The measurement results are shown in Fig.5. Solid curve 1 corresponds to a change in the frequency of resonant vibrations of a quartz plate (in Hertz), and dashed curve 2 corresponds to a change in the temperature of bismuth (in degrees Celsius, scale on the right). Between vertical dashed lines 3 and 4, the metal in the mold melts, heat and chronal charge are supplied. The charge supply is accompanied by an increase in the chronal, which determines the rate (speed) of all processes, including the oscillation frequency of the quartz plate of the sensor. In the liquid state, between lines 4 and 5, the charge drains, the frequency returns to its original (zero) value. Between lines 5 and 6, the metal solidifies, heat and charge are removed, the frequency (and chronal) falls below zero. On temperature curve 2, the processes of melting and solidification correspond to clear horizontal sections, which are in good agreement with the chronal curve. Therefore, studies show that the chronal method quite allows for the implementation of non-destructive remote control of foundry technology" [PVB, pp. 216-219].

Stimulation of vital activity.

"I'll start with microorganisms. For example, bread yeast in an aqueous solution of sugar at a temperature of 15 ° C, placed in the focus and on the diagonal of the base, under the edge, at a distance of 80 mm from the corner of the former tin pyramid, behaved differently. All the sugar in the focus successfully turned into alcohol, the water became transparent, the sediment had a light yellow color, the smell of wine. Under the edge, a week later, the wine smell was combined with putrefactive, in the end everything rotted, the color is dark brown, the smell is disgusting. This indicates a different intensity, structure and usefulness of chronal radiations within the same pyramid, it can both stimulate and inhibit the vital activity of organisms.
Now about plants. Under the same conditions, 35 flax seeds were germinated in a glass bottle in damp gauze. After 4 days, 29 seeds sprouted in the focus of the tin pyramid, none under the edge.
The conditions are the same, but the pyramid is cardboard. After 4 days, not a single grain sprouted in the focus, 15 under the edge. After 11 days, there were 18 and 25 germinated seeds, and the average length of the sprouts was 40 and 90 mm, respectively. Therefore, for living organisms importance have not only pyramid zones, but also its material.
The conditions are the same, but the pyramid consists only of ribs bent from copper wire (tire) with a cross section of 3x5 mm. Six days later, 20 grains sprouted in the focus, 9 under the edge, the length of the sprouts was 45 (green, well developed leaves) and 17 mm (stunted leaves), respectively. As you can see, the absence of faces did not have a significant impact on the processes, edges are more important.
The effect of the chronal field on living organisms is an endless topic. Here I will only refer to melt water, which has a beneficial effect on plants and animals, stimulating their growth, at one time a lot was written and said about this. From fig. Figure 5 shows that melting, and consequently melting, according to our experiments, increases the chronal charge and the chronal of matter, which sharply accelerates all vital processes. This is the main physical essence the problem under discussion. After the charge drains from the thawed water, the effect disappears. For example, molten bismuth is discharged after 20 minutes (Fig. 5), water - after an hour or two. To increase the duration of the discharge, melt water should be kept in a vessel insulated with several layers of polyethylene film, and each such layer should be separated from the adjacent one with paper. The important role of snow retention in the fields becomes clear: it provides not only additional moisture, but most importantly, when snow melts, plant growth is chronally stimulated" [PVB, pp. 220-221].
Warning to the experimenter. "We must remember that the main functions of regulating the body at all levels are of a chronal nature. At first, the chronal field is perceived easily, but the effect accumulates and then failures occur" [TRP, p.392].
February 16 1923 British expedition led by an archaeologist Howard Carter(Howard Carter, 1874-1939) in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor found the main treasure in the pyramid: the stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. When the sarcophagus was opened in February, inside was a golden coffin with his mummy. The sarcophagus was gold and contained more than 100 kg of pure gold, and the body of the pharaoh located there was mummified.
In subsequent years, rumors spread about the "curse of the pharaohs", which allegedly led to the death of 12 "victims of the curse" who were present at the opening of the tomb. The curse is predominantly associated with deaths that took place over the next few years after the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamun.
Sometimes the "curse of the pharaohs" is also attributed to the opening of old burials outside Egypt - the grave of Tamerlane in Samarkand (1941), the tomb of Casimir the Great in Krakow (1973), the mummy of Ötzi in the Alps (1991). The magical nature of the "curse" is denied by science.

Conclusion.

If we ignore the academic zaum, as well as entertaining mysticism and MES-overshoots (mathematical bullshit) of some pseudo-scientific miners, it turns out that they all attribute today's knowledge, skills and fantasies to ancient people.
In ancient times (more than 1-2 thousand years ago), people were primarily interested in the preservation of food. In the deserts, it was easy to save food under a pile of sand. Any person knew that this heap has the form of a "cone" with two eternally constant angles (see Fig. 4):
- angle of repose(Alpha αbase) - the angle formed by the surface of the sand cone with the horizontal plane. For dry sand Alpha basic = 34°.
- opening angle(Alpha in) - the angle at the top of the cone. For dry sand Alpha β = 112°.
Those who were involved in the burial of the dead, probably paid attention to the effect of mummification (German mumifizieren< араб. мум - воск, благовонная смола) человека (животного) в жарком и сухом воздухе. Естественно, появилась мысль хоронить фараонов в могильных курганах, но не под простой кучей песка, а под каменной пирамидой. Почему? Кучу песка над могилой соплеменника может насыпать каждый египтянин, а вот согнать мужиков в управляемую толпу и заставить её строить каменную кучу особой формы, может только сам будущий покойник - фараон! Сделать снаружи пирамиду ровной более или менее легко, чего не скажешь о размещении камер внутри по некоему плану. Достаточно взглянуть на рис.4 и обнаружится, что точность внутренней планировки пирамиды равна " трамвайной остановке".
The angle of inclination of the side face of the pyramid, also known as the angle of repose (αosn), was chosen at about 51 ° 50 "not from some abstruse considerations, but simply obviously more than 34 °. The sand applied by the wind must be guaranteed to crumble from the surface of the pyramid to the ground, where it they will pick up, and not spoil the "majestic" view of the monastery of the "dried" dead man.
The question remains vague: did the Egyptians link the mummification of corpses with the "reception" of congratulatory telegrams from extraterrestrial civilizations, the treatment of the pharaoh's family, the preservation of especially valuable delicacies, or the sharpening of razor axes?
Jewish writer Sholom Nokhumovich Rabinovich(pseudo Sholom Aleichem, 1859-1916) a chic phrase is attributed, which has become a "scientific" law for mathematicians, cosmologists and science fiction writers: " If you can't, but really want to, then you can". The conclusion suggests itself: pseudo-scientific prospectors will definitely find the answer!
However, who will study the location and properties of the Bovi-Drbala zone depending on the opening angle (αv). the number of faces and the material of the pyramid? Who will study physical properties incomprehensible radiation captured by the pyramids, the very one that thermal physicist A.I. Veinik called "chronal"? Who will invent "informoscopes" for receiving information from the "subtle" worlds and deciphering it?
Why do all miners aim their remarkable forces at "extracting" money from the pyramids, first of all, and only in the last place notice something unusual?

Additional information.

Pyramid	Age, years	Height, m	Base, m	Corner, Alpha main	Corner, Alpha in
Cheops (cemetery in Giza)	2560-2540 BC	146,6	230,33	53°10′	~74°
Khafre (cemetery in Giza)	2900-2270 BC.	143,87	215,3	53°10′	~74°
Mikerin (cemetery in Giza)	2540-2520 BC.	65,55	108,4	51°20′25″	~78°
Paris, Louvre	30.03.1989	21,65	35,40	52°	76°
inverted pyramid, Louvre	18.11.1993	7,5	13,29	52°	76°
Hunger A.E., Ramenskoe	1990-2004 demolished	11,0	5,10	76.35°	27.3°
Hunger A.E., Seliger	June 1997	22,0	10,69	76.35°	27.3°
Hunger A.E., Novorizhskoe sh.	30.11.1997	44,0	21,38	76.35°	27.3°
Sneferu "broken line" (cemetery in Dahshur)	2613-2589 BC.	104,7	189,4	<49 м - 54°31" >49 m - 43°21"	~94°
Sneferu "pink" (cemetery in Dahshur)	2613-2589 BC.	104,4	218.5 × 221.5	43°36"	~93°

Literature.

TRP. Veinik A.I., "Thermodynamics of real processes", Minsk: "Science and technology", 1991
http://www.html

KS. Veinik A.I., "The Book of Sorrow", Minsk: manuscript, 03.10.1981. 287 cars sheets.
http://www.html
http://www..zip

PVB. Veinik A.I., "Why I believe in God. The study of manifestations of the spiritual world", Minsk: publishing house "Belarusian Exarchate", (1st edition - 1998, 2nd - 2000; 3rd - 2002; 4th - 2004; 5th - 2007; 6th - 2009).
http://www.html

During the construction of the most grandiose monument of antiquity, the pyramid of Cheops, more than one year was spent and a huge number of slaves were involved, many of whom died at the construction site. So the ancient Greeks claimed, among them Herodotus, one of the first historians who described this grandiose structure in detail.

But modern scientists do not agree with this opinion and argue: many free Egyptians wanted to work at a construction site - when agricultural work ended, it was a great opportunity to earn extra money (they provided food, clothing and housing here).

For any Egyptian, it was a duty and a matter of honor to participate in the construction of the tomb for their ruler, since each of them hoped that a piece of Pharaonic immortality would also touch him: it was believed that the Egyptian ruler had the right not only to life after death, but could also take with him their loved ones (usually they were buried in the tombs adjacent to the pyramid).

True, ordinary people were not destined to get into the afterlife - the only exception was slaves and servants, who were buried with the ruler. But everyone had the right to hope - and therefore, when the housework was over, for many years the Egyptians rushed to Cairo, to the rocky plateau.

The Pyramid of Cheops (or, as it was also called, Khufu) is located near Cairo, on the Giza plateau, on the left side of the Nile, and is the largest of the tombs located there. This tomb is the highest pyramid on our planet, it was built for more than one year, it has a non-standard layout. Quite an interesting fact is that during the autopsy, the body of the ruler was not found in it.

For many years now, it has been exciting the minds of researchers and admirers of Egyptian culture, who ask themselves the question: were ancient people able to build such a structure and was the pyramid the work of representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations who built it with only one clear purpose?

The fact that this stunning tomb almost immediately entered the list of the ancient seven wonders of the world does not surprise anyone: the dimensions of the Cheops pyramid are amazing, and this, despite the fact that over the past millennia it has become smaller, and scientists cannot determine the exact proportions of the Cheops pyramid in condition, since its edges and surfaces were dismantled for their needs by more than one generation of Egyptians:

• The height of the pyramid is about 138 m (it is interesting that in the year when it was built, it was eleven meters higher);
• The foundation has a square shape, the length of each side is about 230 meters;
• The area of ​​​​the foundation is about 5.4 hectares (thus, five of the largest cathedrals of our planet will fit on it);
• The length of the foundation along the perimeter is 922 m.

Pyramid construction

If earlier scientists believed that the construction of the pyramid of Cheops took the Egyptians about twenty years, in our time, Egyptologists, having studied the records of the priests in more detail, and taking into account the parameters of the pyramid, as well as the fact that Cheops ruled for about fifty years, refuted this fact and came to the conclusion that it was built for at least thirty, and maybe as much as forty years.

Despite the fact that the exact date of construction of this grandiose tomb is unknown, it is believed that it was built on the orders of Pharaoh Cheops, who presumably ruled from 2589 to 2566 BC. e., and his nephew and vizier Hemion was responsible for the construction work, using the latest technologies of his time, over the solution of which many learned minds have been struggling for many centuries. He approached the matter with care and meticulousness.

Preparation for construction

More than 4 thousand workers were involved in the preliminary work, which took about ten years. It was necessary to find a place for construction, the soil of which would be strong enough to support a structure of this magnitude - so the decision was made to stop at a rocky site near Cairo.

To level the site, the Egyptians built a square-shaped waterproof rampart using stones and sand. In the shaft, they cut channels that intersect at right angles, and the construction site began to resemble a large chessboard.

After that, water was launched into the trenches, with the help of which the builders determined the height of the water level and made the necessary notches on the side walls of the channels, after which the water was lowered. All the stones that were above the water level were cut down by the workers, after which the trenches were laid with stones, thus obtaining the foundation of the tomb.

Stone work

The building material for the tomb was mined in a quarry located on the other side of the Nile. To get a block of the required size, the stone was cut down from the rock and hewn to the desired size - from 0.8 to 1.5 m. Although on average one stone block weighed about 2.5 tons, the Egyptians also made heavier specimens, for example, the heaviest a block that was installed above the entrance to the "Pharaoh's Room" weighed 35 tons.

With the help of thick ropes and levers, the builders fixed the block on wooden runners and dragged it along the log deck to the Nile, loaded it onto a boat and transported it across the river. And then they were again dragged along the logs to the construction site, after which the most difficult stage began: a huge block had to be pulled to the topmost platform of the tomb. How exactly they did it and what technologies were used is one of the mysteries of the Cheops pyramid.

One of the versions proposed by scientists implies the following option. Along an angled brick rise 20 m wide, a block lying on skids was pulled up with the help of ropes and levers, where it was laid in a place clearly intended for it. The higher the pyramid of Cheops became, the longer and steeper the ascent turned out to be, and the upper platform decreased - therefore it was more and more difficult and dangerous to lift the blocks.

The workers had the hardest time when it was necessary to install the “pyramidon” - the uppermost block 9 meters high (which has not survived to this day). Since it was necessary to lift a huge block almost vertically, the work turned out to be deadly, and at this stage of the work many people died. As a result, the pyramid of Cheops, after the completion of construction, had more than 200 steps leading up and looked like a huge stepped mountain.

In total, it took the ancient Egyptians at least twenty years to build the body of the pyramid. Work on the "box" was not yet completed - they still had to be laid with stones and made so that the outer parts of the blocks became more or less smooth. And at the final stage, the Egyptians completely lined the pyramid from the outside with white limestone slabs polished to a shine - and it sparkled in the sun like a huge shiny crystal.

The plates on the pyramid have not survived to this day: the inhabitants of Cairo, after the Arabs sacked their capital (1168), used them in the construction of new houses and temples (some of them can be seen on mosques today).

Drawings on the pyramid

An interesting fact: the outer side of the pyramid body is covered with curvilinear grooves of various sizes. If you look at them from a certain angle, you can see the image of a man 150 m high (perhaps a portrait of one of the ancient gods). This drawing is not alone: ​​on the northern wall of the tomb, one can also distinguish a man and a woman with their heads bowed to each other.

Scientists claim that these Egyptians caused the grooves several years before they finished building the pyramid body and installed the top stone. True, the question remains open: why did they do this, because the plates with which the pyramid was subsequently decorated hid these portraits.

What did the Great Pyramid look like from the inside?

A detailed study of the Cheops pyramid showed that, contrary to popular belief, there are practically no inscriptions or any other decorations inside the tomb, except for a small portrait in the corridor leading to the Queen's Room.

The entrance to the tomb is located on the north side at a height exceeding fifteen meters. After the burial, it was closed with a granite plug, so tourists get inside through a gap that is ten meters lower - it was cut down by the caliph of Baghdad Abdullah al-Mamun (820 AD) - the man who first entered the tomb in order to rob it. The attempt failed, because apart from a thick layer of dust, he found nothing here.

The Pyramid of Cheops is the only pyramid where there are corridors both leading down and up. The main corridor first goes down, then branches into two tunnels - one leads down to the unfinished burial chamber, the second goes up, first to the Great Gallery, from which you can get to the Queen's Room and the main tomb.

From the main entrance, through a tunnel leading down (its length is 105 meters), one can get into a burial pit located below ground level, the height of which is 14 m, the width is 8.1 m, the height is 3.5 m. Inside the room, near on the southern wall, Egyptologists discovered a well, the depth of which is about three meters (a narrow tunnel leading to a dead end stretches south from it).

Researchers believe that this room was originally intended for the Cheops crypt, but then the pharaoh changed his mind and decided to build a tomb for himself higher, so this room remained unfinished.

You can also get to the unfinished funeral room from the Great Gallery - at its very entrance begins a narrow, almost vertical shaft 60 meters high. It is interesting that in the middle of this tunnel there is a small grotto (most likely of natural origin, since it is located at the point of contact between the masonry of the pyramid and a small hump of the lime board), which could accommodate several people.

According to one hypothesis, the architects took this grotto into account when designing the pyramid and originally intended it for the evacuation of builders or priests who were finishing the ceremony of “sealing” the central passage leading to the tomb of the pharaoh.

The Pyramid of Cheops has another mysterious room with an incomprehensible purpose - the “Queen’s Chamber” (like the lowest room, this room is not completed, as evidenced by the floor on which they began to lay tiles, but did not finish the work until the end).

This room can be reached by first going down the corridor down 18 meters from the main entrance, and then climbing up the long tunnel (40 m). This room is the smallest of all, located in the very center of the pyramid, has an almost square shape (5.73 x 5.23 m, height - 6.22 m), and a niche is built into one of its walls.

Despite the fact that the second burial pit is called the "queen's room", the name is erroneous, since the wives of Egyptian rulers were always buried in separate small pyramids (there are three such tombs near the tomb of the pharaoh).

Previously, it was not easy to get into the “Queen’s Chamber”, because at the very beginning of the corridor that led to the Great Gallery, three granite blocks were installed, disguised with limestone - therefore, it was previously believed that this room did not exist. Al-Mamunu guessed about its presence and, being unable to remove the blocks, he hollowed out a passage in softer limestone (this move is still being exploited).

At what stage of construction the plugs were installed is not exactly known, and therefore there are several hypotheses. According to one of them, they were mounted even before the funeral, during construction work. Another claims that they were not there at all before, and they appeared here after the earthquake, rolling down from the Great Gallery, where they were installed after the funeral of the ruler.

Another secret of the Cheops pyramid is that exactly where the plugs are located, there are not two, as in other pyramids, but three tunnels - the third one is a vertical hole (although no one knows where it leads, since granite blocks with no one has moved yet).

You can get to the tomb of the pharaoh through the Grand Gallery, which is almost 50 meters long. It is a continuation of the corridor going up from the main entrance. Its height is 8.5 meters, while the walls at the top narrow slightly. In front of the tomb of the Egyptian ruler there is an "antechamber" - the so-called Prechamber.

From the Pre-Chamber, a manhole leads to the "Pharaoh's Chamber", built from monolithic polished granite blocks, in which there is an empty sarcophagus made from a red piece of Aswan granite. (an interesting fact: scientists have not yet found any traces and evidence that there was a burial here).

Apparently, the sarcophagus was brought here even before the start of construction, since its dimensions did not allow it to be placed here after the completion of construction work. The tomb is 10.5 m long, 5.4 m wide and 5.8 m high.

The biggest mystery of the Cheops pyramid (as well as its feature) is its 20 cm wide shafts, which scientists called ventilation ducts. They start inside the two upper rooms, first running horizontally and then sloping outward.

While these channels in the pharaoh's room are through, in the "Queen's Chambers" they begin only at a distance of 13 cm from the wall and do not reach the surface at the same distance (at the same time, they are closed at the top with stones with copper handles, the so-called "Ganterbrink doors") .

Despite the fact that some researchers suggest that these were ventilation ducts (for example, they were designed to prevent workers from suffocating during work due to lack of oxygen), most Egyptologists still tend to think that these narrow channels had religious significance and were able to prove that they were built, given the location of astronomical bodies. The presence of channels may well be associated with the Egyptians' belief about the gods and the souls of the dead who live in the starry sky.

At the foot of the Great Pyramid there are several underground structures - in one of them, archaeologists (1954) found the oldest ship on our planet: a wooden boat made of cedar disassembled into 1224 parts, the total length of which in the assembled state was 43.6 meters (apparently , it was on it that the pharaoh was supposed to go to the Kingdom of the Dead).

Is this tomb Cheops

In the past few years, Egyptologists have increasingly questioned the fact that this pyramid was actually intended for Cheops. This is evidenced by the fact that there are absolutely no decorations in the burial chamber.

The pharaoh's mummy was not found in the tomb, and the builders did not complete the sarcophagus itself, in which it was supposed to be,: it was hewn rather roughly, and the lid was completely missing. These interesting facts enable fans of theories of the alien origin of this grandiose structure to claim that representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations built the pyramid, using technologies unknown to science and with an incomprehensible purpose for us.

Pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu (in the Greek version of Cheops), or the Great Pyramid - the greatest of the Egyptian pyramids, the oldest of the seven wonders of the world of antiquity and the only one of them that has come down to our time. For over four thousand years, the pyramid was the largest building in the world.

The pyramid of Cheops is located in the far suburbs of Cairo Giza. Nearby are two more pyramids of the pharaohs Khafre and Menkaure (Khafren and Mikerin), according to ancient historians, the sons and successors of Khufu. These are the three largest pyramids in Egypt.

Following the ancient authors, most modern historians consider the pyramids to be the burial structures of the ancient Egyptian monarchs. Some scientists believe that these were astronomical observatories. There is no direct evidence that pharaohs were buried in the pyramids, but other versions of their purpose are less convincing.

When was the pyramid of Cheops built?

Based on the ancient "royal lists", it is established that Cheops ruled around 2585-2566. BC. The construction of the "Sacred Height" lasted 20 years and ended after the death of Khufu, around 2560 BC.

Other versions of construction dates based on astronomical methods give dates from 2720 to 2577. BC. The radiocarbon method shows a spread of 170 years, from 2850 to 2680. BC.

There are also exotic opinions expressed by supporters of theories of visiting the Earth by aliens, the existence of ancient pra-civilizations, or adherents of occult currents. They determine the age of the pyramid of Cheops from 6-7 to tens of thousands of years.

How the pyramid was built

The Pyramid of Cheops is still the largest stone building on the planet. Its height is 137 m, the length of the side of the base is 230.38 m, the angle of inclination of the edge is 51 ° 50", the total volume is about 2.5 million cubic meters. At the time of completion of construction, the height was 9.5 m higher, and the side of the base was 2 m longer, however, over the past centuries, almost the entire lining of the pyramid has been dismantled.Natural factors have also done their job - temperature drops and winds from the desert, carrying clouds of sand.

Ancient Greek historians reported that the labor of millions of slaves was used in the construction. Modern researchers believe that with the proper organization of work and engineering, the Egyptians would have had several tens of thousands of workers for the construction. For the transportation of materials, temporary workers were involved, the number of which, according to Herodotus, reached 100 thousand. Modern scientists fully agree with this, as well as with the reality of a 20-year construction period.

Hemiun, the head of the royal works, supervised the construction of the pyramid. Hemiun's tomb is located next to his creation; a statue of the architect was found in it.

The main material for the construction was gray limestone, which was cut down in the nearest quarries or brought from the other side of the Nile. The pyramid was lined with light sandstone, because of which it literally shone under the sunlight. Granite was used for interior decoration, which was delivered a thousand kilometers from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpresent-day Aswan. The building was crowned with a hewn gilded granite block - a pyramidion.

In total, the construction of the pyramid took about 2.3 million blocks of limestone and 115 thousand facing slabs. The total mass of the building, according to modern estimates, is almost 6 million tons.

The block sizes vary. The largest ones are laid in the base, their height is one and a half meters. The blocks are smaller the higher they are. The height of the block at the top was 55 cm. The length of the facing slabs ranged from 1.5 to 0.75 m.

The work of the pyramid builders was extremely difficult. A lot of time and effort required the extraction of stone, hewing blocks and fitting to the right size. In those days, neither iron nor bronze was known in Egypt. The tools were made of relatively soft copper, so they wore down quickly and were very expensive. Flint tools were widely used - saws, drills, hammers. Many of them were found during excavations.

Delivery of materials was carried out by river, and the stone was brought to the construction site on a wooden sled or rollers. It was hellish work, because the average weight of one block is 2.5 tons, and some of them weighed up to 50 tons.

A variety of devices were used to lift and install the monoliths, and inclined embankments were erected to pull up the most massive elements that make up the lower rows. Images of construction work have been found in a number of Egyptian temples and tombs.

Recently, an original theory has emerged regarding the construction methods of the Egyptians. Scientists who studied the microstructure of the blocks in order to establish their origin, found foreign inclusions. According to experts, these are the remains of animal hair and human hair, from which the scientists concluded that the limestone was crushed in the places of extraction and delivered to the construction site in crushed form. Blocks were made directly at the place of laying from the limestone mass, which thus were a semblance of modern concrete structures, and tool marks on the blocks are actually formwork prints.

Be that as it may, the construction was completed, and the grandiose dimensions of the pyramid fully justify the supporters of the theories of the Atlanteans and aliens who do not believe in the possibility of human genius.

What is inside the pyramid

The entrance to the pyramid was made at a height of almost 16 meters in the form of an arch of granite slabs. It was later sealed with a granite cork and covered with cladding. The current entrance, 10 meters lower, was broken in 831 by order of Caliph Al-Mamun, who hoped to find gold here, but did not find anything of value.

The main premises are the pharaoh's chamber, the queen's chamber, the Great Gallery and the underground chamber. The passage punched by Al-Mamun leads to a 105-meter inclined corridor, ending in a chamber carved into the rock below the base of the pyramid. Its dimensions are 14x8 m., height 3.5 m. Works here were not completed for unknown reasons.

At 18 meters from the entrance, a 40-meter-long ascending corridor separates from the descending corridor, ending in the Great Gallery. The Gallery itself is a high (8.5 m) tunnel 46.6 m long leading to the pharaoh's chamber. The corridor to the queen's chamber branches off from the Gallery at its very beginning. A rectangular ditch 60 cm deep and 1 m wide was pierced in the floor of the Gallery; its purpose is unknown.

The length of the pharaoh's chamber is 10.5 m, width 5.4 m, height 5.84 m. It is lined with black granite slabs. Here is an empty granite sarcophagus. The queen's chamber is more modest - 5.76 x 5.23 x 6.26 m.

Channels 20-25 cm wide lead from the burial chambers to the surface of the pyramid. The channels of the king's chamber go out at one end into the room, at the other - onto the surface of the pyramid. The channels of the queen's chamber begin 13 cm from the wall and do not reach 12 m to the surface, and both ends of the channels are closed with stone doors with handles. It is assumed that the channels were made to ventilate the premises during the work. Another version, connected with the beliefs of the Egyptians, claims that this is the path to the afterlife, which the souls of the deceased had to go through.

No less mysterious is another small room, the Grotto, to which an almost vertical passage leads from the beginning of the Great Gallery. The grotto is located at the junction of the base of the pyramid and the hill on which it stands. The walls of the Grotto are reinforced with rather roughly worked stone. It is assumed that this is part of some structure older than the pyramid.

It is necessary to mention one discovery related to the pyramid. In 1954, at the southern edge, two stone-lined pits were discovered, in which were the pharaoh's boats, made of Lebanese cedar. One of the boats has been restored and is now in a special pavilion next to the pyramid. Its length is 43.5 m, width is 5.6 m.

The study of the pyramid of Cheops continues. Research using the latest methods used in the exploration of the earth's interior, show with a high degree of probability the existence of unknown caverns inside the pyramid. So it is quite possible that scientists expect new interesting findings and discoveries.

In the meantime, the Great Pyramid keeps its secrets, proudly rising in the middle of the desert, like millennia ago. After all, according to an ancient Arabic proverb, everything in the world is afraid of time, but time is afraid of the pyramids.