As long as humanity remembers its history, so many daredevils existed who were attracted by the majestic Mountain peaks. The romance of mountaineering has existed for a long time, and to this day many devote their whole lives to conquering new heights. Russia is a country with a harsh climate and an unimaginable variety of relief, the most attractive and dangerous of which are mountains. Eight peaks are classified as "5-thousanders", while all of them represent a real danger even for the most experienced climbers. Based on the data of a special geographical registry, we will present to your attention the 15 highest mountains in Russia, all of them, except for Klyuchevskaya Sopka, are located in mountain system Greater Caucasus.

The territory of Russia is huge, so it is not surprising that dozens of waterfalls are scattered on it, in its most diverse corners. Some of them are so...

1st place - Elbrus (5642 m)

At the same time it is the highest point in Russia and all of Europe. The peak is located between Kabardino-Balkaria and Cherkessia, in the northern part of the Greater Caucasus Range. The name "Elbrus" is translated from Georgian as "ice", from Kabardian as "mountain of happiness", from Iranian - "high mountain", from Karachay-Circassian - "eternal mountain". One way or another, the summit strikes with its icy grandeur and is remembered for a long time. During the Great Patriotic War, the Nazis climbed Elbrus, after which they installed banners with a swastika at its highest point. The idea of ​​the Nazi scientists was to rename the mountain to "Hitler's Peak", but the enemy was destroyed by Soviet mountaineers in 1943. The conquest of Elbrus is one of the newfangled trends; for this, several routes of varying degrees of difficulty were laid along the mountainside. At the foot of the peak, a ski resort has been operating for many years.

2nd place - Dykhtau (5204 m)

The conquest of Dykhtau took place in 1888, just at the time when Britain was searching for Jack the Ripper, and Brazil issued a decree abolishing slavery. The pyramidal peak is located in Kabardino-Balkaria, in the region of the northern ridge of the Caucasus Mountains. From a technical point of view, climbing the Steep Mountain is not easy, so only professional rock climbers manage to complete this path to the end. Most of Dykhtau is covered with a thick layer of ice, and includes three peaks - the Main, Eastern and separate, named after A.S. Pushkin.

3rd place - Koshtantau (5152 m)

The name translates as "a mountain that looks like a distant dwelling." Koshtantau is considered one of the least accessible among all the peaks of the Caucasus. On the northern part of the mountain there are marble glaciers that have taken dozens of human lives. Few managed to conquer the impregnable peak, tragedies and deaths are not uncommon here. So, for example, 11 years before the first ascent of it, in 1888, two English climbers and two Swiss climbers died here.

4th place - Pushkin Peak (5100 m)

The mountain received its name in 1938, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the death of the great Russian poet. Pushkin Peak is located in the heart of the Main Caucasian Range, on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria and is part of the Dykhtau glacier. Mountain climbers jokingly compare the peak with a high gendarme standing on the ridge due to the fact that Pushkin Peak dominates the rest of the nearby heights.

5th place - Dzhangitau (5085 m)

Translated from Karachay-Balkar, the name of the peak means "new mountain". Dzhangitau is part of a 12-kilometer mountain range belonging to the Bezengi wall. It is considered one of the most popular peaks among climbers, and for its conquest, a professional badge of honor "Snow Leopard of Russia" is awarded. The ascent to the very top was made in 1888 by John Kokin, and the first to receive a well-deserved award for passing the climbing standard was the Russian rock climber Bukinich.

Rivers entangle all of Russia like a web. If you count them all to the smallest, you get over 2.5 million! But the vast majority of them...

6th place - Shkhara (5193 meters)

Shkhara (or "striped") - won recognition as one of the most beautiful peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. Its slopes shine from sparkling glaciers, and the geological component of the mountain is granite and schist, along which dazzling ice rivers flow. The entire area of ​​Shkhara is indented with faults, grottoes and caves, and the exits from them are often covered with sparkling waterfalls. The mountain beckons, fascinates and inspires fear at the same time, and at its foot there is a small village of Ushguli, included in the UNESCO List world heritage. For the first time the summit was conquered by climbers from the Soviet Union in 1933.

7th place - Kazbek (5032 m)

Kazbek (or "ice peak") - is a stratovolcano, extinct in 650 BC. The first ascent was made by two Englishmen in 1868. The mountain is located on the Georgian-Russian border and, more than all other peaks, is shrouded in legends, myths and legends. Until now, local residents perform a ritual of sacrifice on its slopes, and according to legend, once a young man was chained on Kazbek, punished by the gods for his desire to bring fire to mankind. Today, a military road passes by the top, and on one of the slopes there is a non-functioning weather station.

8th place - Mizhirgi (5025 m)

At first glance, it may seem that the name of the peak has Asian roots, but this is not so. The name of the mountain was given by Tver researchers and is translated from one of the local dialects as "connecting". The ridge is essentially a huge glacier, which once connected with neighboring ones and became even larger. Geological processes are still taking place today, and, according to scientists, in the near future Mizhirgi may become even larger. It is believed that the first person to step on the top of the mountain was the Balkar shepherd Attaev, and this was in the middle of the 19th century.

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9th place - Kukurtli-Kolbashi (4978 m)

The summit belongs to the western spur of the Elbrus massif, located in Karachay-Cherkessia. In different sources, the value of the height of the mountain is the difference from 4624 to 4978 m.

Translated from the Circassian, the name Kyukurtlu is translated as "sulfur mountain".

10th place - Katyn-Tau (4970 m)

The name is translated from the Balkar language as "mountain woman". The summit is located in the Bezengi region and is part of the Bezengi wall. Geographically, Katyn-Tau belongs to Kabardino-Balkaria, and the entire territory of the mountain is located on the territory of a protected area, which also includes the Cherek River.

11th place - Shota Rustaveli Peak (4860 m)

It is located in the central part of the Main Range of the Caucasus Mountains and is the border region between Georgia (Svaneti) and Russia (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria). The name of the peak was given in honor of the great Georgian poet and statesman who lived in the 12th century. The mountain is considered very treacherous due to the likelihood of unforeseen avalanches and glaciers descending into the neighboring canyon. The date of the first ascent is 1937, since then more than a dozen climbers have climbed to the top. The most acceptable time to conquer the peak is summer and early autumn.

12th place - Gestola (4860 m)

It is one of the peaks belonging to the Benzegi wall of the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains. On the north side, Gestola has the shape of a triangle, which clearly stands out against the background of the Benzegi wall. From a bird's eye view, the peak looks like an almost perfect pyramid, at the base of which is a square, which is oriented to the cardinal points at an angle of 45 degrees. Today, many routes of varying degrees of difficulty have been laid along the slopes of Gestola, while climbing to the top point can be done from several parts, including through Lyalver and Yesenin Peak.

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13th place - Jimara (4780 m)

It is one of the numerous peaks of the Greater Caucasus. Located in North Ossetia eastbound from Bezengi, on the Khokh Ridge, the distance to Kazbek is about 9 km. Jimara is a cluster of glaciers, each of which has its own name - Midagrabin in the west and Suatisi in the south.

14th place - Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4750 m)

The second name is Klyuchevskoy volcano, located in the eastern part of Kamchatka. It is considered the highest among all volcanoes that act on the Eurasia continent. The approximate age of the giant is about 7 thousand years, the height of the hill periodically changes due to geological activity, and, according to the latest data, is 4835 meters.

15th place - Wilpata (4646 m)

The name of the peak was given by the Ossetian people. Wilpata is located in the Caucasus, in a southwestern direction from the Tseysky Range and is the most dominant among all the peaks of the Karaugomsky plateau. On the slopes of Wilpata, there are many climbing routes with difficulty from 2B to 5B.

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Avachinskaya Sopka (Avacha) is an active volcano in Kamchatka, in the southern part of the Eastern Range, north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the interfluve of the Avacha and Nalychev rivers. It belongs to the volcanoes of the Somma-Vesuvius type.

The height is 2741 m, the top is cone-shaped. The cone is composed of basaltic and andesitic lavas, tuffs and slag. The diameter of the crater is 400 m, there are numerous fumaroles. As a result of the eruption that occurred in 1991, a massive lava plug formed in the crater of the volcano. At the top of the volcano (together with the Kozelsky volcano) there are 10 glaciers on an area of ​​10.2 km².
The lower slopes of the volcano are covered with forests of dwarf pine and stone birch, in the upper part - glaciers and snow. The glacier on the northern slope is named after the Far Eastern explorer Arsenyev.
At the foot of the volcano there is a volcanological station of the Institute of Volcanology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

As a rule, the highest peaks of the Sikhote-Alin have a sharply defined contour and are covered with large stone placers in vast areas. The relief forms resemble badly destroyed circuses and mountain glaciation karts.

They are composed of sandy-shale deposits with numerous breakthroughs of intrusions, which led to the presence of deposits of gold, tin and polymetals. In tectonic depressions within the Sikhote-Alin deposits of hard and brown coal.

In the foothills, basalt plateaus are common, of which the largest plateau in terms of area is west of Sovetskaya Gavan. Plateau areas are also found on the main watershed. The largest is the Zevinsky plateau, on the watershed of the upper reaches of the Bikin and the rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, the Sikhote-Alin is represented by steeply sloping mid-mountain ranges, in the west by numerous longitudinal valleys and basins, and at altitudes of more than 900 m - bald mountains. In general, the Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetric transverse profile. The western macroslope is more gentle than the eastern one. Accordingly, the rivers flowing to the west are longer. This feature is reflected in the very name of the ridge. Translated from the Manchu language - the ridge of large western rivers.

№ Mountain Altitude (m)
1 Tordoki Yani 2090 Khabarovsk region, Nanai district
2 Ko 2003 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after Lazo
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
5 Durhe 1903 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after. Lazo
6 Cloudy 1855 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
8 Sputnik 1805 Khabarovsk Territory, district im. Lazo
9 Acute 1788 Primorsky Territory, Terneisky District
10 Arseniev 1757 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
11 High 1745 Primorsky Krai,
12 Snezhnaya 1684 Primorsky Territory, Chuguevsky District
13 Alder 1668 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky District
14 Lysaya 1554 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky/Lazovsky districts
15 Taunga 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izyubrinaya 1433 Primorsky Territory

Along the main ridge and some spurs there are several dozens of granite bald mountains with a height of 1500 to 2000 m with eternal (perennial) snowfields on the northern slopes, with areas of mountain tundra and alpine vegetation. In the mountains, especially along the main ridge and on the spurs closest to it, extensive forests have been preserved, mostly dark coniferous, but now there are already large massifs of deciduous trees. In some places, above the blue of the mountain taiga, rise like islands, bare peaks with alpine landscapes and snowfields.

You can trace a whole chain of these peaks: Heavenly Teeth (2178), Bolshoy Kanym (1870), Bolshoi Taskyl (1448), Church (1450), Suitcase (1858), Cross (1648), Bobrovaya (1673), Pukh-taskyl (1818) ), Chelbak-taskyl, Bear char, Chest, Kugu-tu, Belaya, etc.

Most of the high bald peaks are concentrated in the central part of the mountain system, in the area between 88°-89° east longitude and 55°-53° north latitude. This highest part of the Kuznetsk Alatau is known locally as Belogorye.
To the north of Big Taskyl the mountains go down. Along the main ridge, they already have a height of less than 1000 meters. In the northern part, the mountain system takes on a fan-shaped appearance and turns into ridges of hills stretching to the Trans-Siberian Railway.

WHITE RIVER, Ural

The Urals is rich in minerals and minerals. In the bowels Ural mountains there are iron and copper ores, chromium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, coal, oil, gold, precious stones. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the country. The riches of the Ural nature also include forest resources. The southern, subpolar and middle Urals provide the possibility of farming.

Along the southern and southeastern for hundreds of kilometers stretches the high ridge Khamar-daban - one of the most picturesque mountainous areas Eastern Siberia. The peaks of Khamar-daban, which are "bald mountains" with stone placers, rise above the belt of woody vegetation, reaching more than 2000 m abs. high
Most elevated East End Khamar-daban, where some peaks are up to 2300 m above sea level. m. The northern slopes of the ridge narrow steeply towards Baikal, the eastern slopes more gently approach the river valley. Selenga. Going into Lake Baikal, the spurs of Khamar-daban in many places form the most picturesque rocky capes.

Very picturesque mountains, many mountain lakes, waterfalls, caves and mountain rivers! Actively visited by tourists!
It stretches in a latitudinal direction in a strip, gradually narrowing from 200 to 80 km, from the upper reaches of the Abakan River to the junction with the ridges of the Eastern Sayan in the upper reaches of the Kazyr, Uda and Kizhi-Khem rivers. From the north, the Minusinsk basin adjoins the Western Sayan, and from the south - the Tuva basin.

The ridges of the Western Sayan are elongated mainly in the latitudinal direction.

The inner ridge is much lower than the Main one (up to 600 - 760 m above sea level). It stretches parallel to the Main and is separated from it by an inter-ridge depression of 10 - 25 km. In some places there are isolated high mountains and short, flat-topped ridges formed by erosion of the Inner Range. These are the remnant mountains Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen and others - natural bastions on which fortress cities were built in the Middle Ages.

Above sea level is about 250 m, the maximum is 325 m. It lies to the north of the Inner and is separated from it by a depression 3 to 8 km wide. The outer ridge is most clearly expressed between Simferopol and Sevastopol. It gradually decreases to the north and imperceptibly passes into the Plain Crimea.
The Inner and Outer Ridges are not only lower than the Main Ridge, but are also distinguished by a flat, even surface, slightly inclined to the northwest. It is they who form the foothills of the Crimean mountains.

On the Kerch Peninsula, two regions are distinguished, delimited by the low Parpach Ridge. In the southwest it is an undulating plain with a variety of isolated uplands, in the northeast it is a hilly-ridged area.
The soils of Crimea are very diverse. Each physical-geographical region has its own species. Solonetzic and solonetzic soils predominate in the Sivash region; to the south, in the flat part of the peninsula, there are chestnut and so-called southern chernozems (heavy loamy and clayey with underlying loess-like rocks); mountain-meadow and mountain chernozems have formed on the yayla; on the slopes of the Main Ridge, covered with forests, brown mountain-forest soils are common. special brown soils similar to subtropical red soils.

(Ukrainian: Krimski Gory, Crimean Tatar: Qırım dağları, Kyrym dağlary), in the past also the Tauride Mountains - a mountain system that occupies the southern and southeastern part of the Crimean peninsula.
The mountain system is formed by three mountain ranges, stretching from Cape Aya in the vicinity of Balaklava in the west to Cape St. Elijah near Feodosia in the east. The Crimean Mountains are about 160 km long and about 50 km wide. The outer ridge is a series of cuestas, gradually rising to a height of about 350 m. The inner ridge reaches a height of 750 m.

All researchers of the Crimea note that they are directed from the northeast to the southwest, separated by two longitudinal valleys. All three ridges have the same character of the slopes: from the north they are gentle, and from the south they are steep. If we take into account the age of the rocks, then the beginning of the first ridge should be considered Cape Fiolent, since the same rocks that make up the first ridge predominate here. The outer ridge stretches to the city of Stary Krym, the height of the ridge ranges from 149 m to 350 m. The inner ridge originates near Sevastopol (Sapun Gora) and also ends near the city of Stary Krym, the height is from 490 m to 750 m. The main ridge is in the west begins near Balaklava and ends with Mount Agarmysh, near the town of Stary Krym. The top surface of the main ridge is a wavy plateau and is called yayla.

(pinyin: Tiānshān shānmài, Kirg. Ala-Too, Kaz. Aspan-Tau, Tanir shyny, Tanir tau, Uzbek Tyan Shan, Mong. Tenger-uul) is a mountain system located in Central Asia on the territory of four countries: Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
The name Tien Shan in Chinese means "heavenly mountains". According to E. M. Murzaev, this name is a tracing paper from the Turkic Tengritag, formed from the words: Tengri (Sky, God, divine) and tag (mountain).

The Tien Shan system includes the following orographic regions:
Northern Tien Shan: Ketmen, Zailiysky Alatau, Kungei-Alatau and Kirgizsky ridges;
Eastern Tien Shan: Borohoro, Iren-Khabyrga, Bogdo-Ula, Karlyktag Halyktau, Sarmin-Ula, Kuruktag ridges
Western Tien Shan: Karatau, Talas Alatau, Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ranges;
Southwestern Tien Shan: ridges framing the Fergana Valley and including the southwestern slope of the Fergana Range;
Inner Tien Shan: from the north it is bounded by the Kirghiz ridge and the Issyk-Kul basin, from the south by the Kokshaltau ridge, from the west by the Ferghana ridge, from the east by the Akshiyrak mountain range.
The Tien Shan Mountains are considered one of the highest in the world, among them there are more than thirty peaks over 6000 meters high. The highest point of the mountain system is Pobeda Peak (Tomur, 7439 m), located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China; the next in height is the Khan-Tengri peak (6995 m) on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Three mountain ranges diverge from the Central Tien Shan to the west, separated by intermountain basins (Issyk-Kul with Lake Issyk-Kul, Naryn, At-Bashyn, etc.) and connected in the west by the Ferghana Range.

In the Eastern Tien Shan there are two parallel mountain ranges (height 4-5 thousand meters), separated by depressions (height 2-3 thousand meters). Highly elevated (3-4 thousand m) leveled surfaces - syrts are characteristic. total area glaciers - 7.3 thousand km², the largest is South Inylchek. Rapids rivers - Naryn, Chu, Ili, etc. Mountain steppes and semi-deserts dominate: on the northern slopes of the meadow-steppe and forests (mainly coniferous), higher subalpine and alpine meadows, on the syrts are the so-called cold deserts.

From west to east is 2500 km. Mountain system in Wed. and Center. Asia. Length from 3. to E. 2500 km. Alpine folding, the remains of ancient leveled surfaces are preserved at an altitude of 3000-4000 m in the form of syrts. Modern tectonic activity is high, earthquakes are frequent. The mountain ranges are composed of igneous rocks, and the basins are composed of sedimentary rocks. Deposits of mercury, antimony, lead, cadmium, zinc, silver, in the basins - oil.
The relief is predominantly alpine, with glacial forms, scree, above 3200 m permafrost is common. There are flat intermountain basins (Fergana, Issyk-Kul, Naryn). The climate is continental, temperate. Snowfields and glaciers. The rivers belong to the basins of internal flow (Naryn, Ili, Chu, Tarim, etc.), lakes. Issyk-Kul, Song-Kel, Chatyr-Kel.
The first European explorer of the Tien Shan in 1856 was Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov, who received the title "Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky" for his work.

PIK PUTIN
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev signed an order to name one of the peaks of the Tien Shan named after Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
"The height of this peak reaches 4,500 meters above sea level. It is located in the Ak-Suu river basin, on the territory of the Chui region," the office of the head of the Kyrgyz government said.
One of the peaks of the Tien Shan in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan bears the name of the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin.

7439 m) climbs state border USSR and China. Nearby on the territory of the USSR rises Khan-Tengri peak (6995 m). This border high-mountain region with the highest ridges and largest glaciers, located to the east of the glaciated Akshiyrak massif, is now called by some researchers the Central Tien Shan, meaning its central position in the system of the entire Tien Shan (including the eastern, Chinese part). The space located to the west of this region is a high interior plateau, bordered on all sides by barriers of high mountain ranges (Kyrgyz and Terskey-Ala-Too from the north, Fergana from the southwest, Kakshaal-Too from the southeast), which formerly called the Central Tien Shan, received the apt name of the Inner Tien Shan. In addition, the Northern Tien Shan is distinguished, which includes the Ketmen, Kungei-Ala-Too, Kirghiz, Zailiysky Alatau, Chu-Ili mountains, and the Western Tien Shan, which includes the Talas Alatau and the ridges extending from it: Ugamsky, Pskemsky , Chatkal with Kuraminsky, Karatau.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
M.F. Velichko. "Across the Western Sayan". M .: "Physical culture and sport", 1972.
Geography of the USSR
Nature of Baikal
Ural mountains
Mountains of Russia
http://gruzdoff.ru/
Wikipedia site
http://www.photosight.ru/

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The territory of Russia is truly unique, because the natural nature of this country contains many landscape reliefs with the highest mountains and beautiful valleys, beautiful lakes and forest groves. In our article we will talk about the main mountain ranges of the Russian Federation, all of which are located on the territory of the Greater Caucasus.

1. Elbrus

This is the highest mountain in our country, reaching a height of 5642 meters. Elbrus is located on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachay-Cherkess republics. In each of them, the mountain has its own name Mingi Tau (eternal mountain) and Oshkhamakho (mountain of happiness), respectively. About Elbrus, legends and myths about several giants and gods who lived on its peaks have long been composed. And at the foot of Elbrus in a wonderful valley lies a lost holy city Ruskolani, which in ancient times was a fabulous temple city. Today you can see several ruins of the fortress walls, and nearby is mineral spring with healing water. Today, Elbrus is a popular tourist destination for most mountaineers and hikers who want to conquer the hard-to-reach peak of the beautiful mountain. There is also a wonderful ski resort here, because the cone of the volcano is covered with snow caps of 77 glaciers.

This is the second largest and most important mountain in the Russian Federation, also located in the Caucasus, in Kabardino-Balkaria. Its height is 5204 meters, and climbing it is carried out only by the most courageous climbers in the world who want to show their skills and show the whole world the successful conquest of the steep mountain Dykhtau. The image of the top of Dykhtau in 2011 became the decoration of the coin of the Republic of Palau with a face value of 5 dollars. The difficult and dangerous climb that awaits the daredevils fully justifies its risks, because on the top of this beautiful mountain you will find stunning panoramas of the entire Caucasus, white clouds and a bright sun that illuminates the snow covers of Dykhtau and dazzles the tourists who climbed it.

1. Koshtantau

Mount Koshtanau, located in the Bezengi region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is considered one of the most picturesque peaks of the Greater Caucasus. Koshtanau takes the honorable third place in height among its neighbors, which is 5152 meters. Her unique beauty with amazing marble glaciers, it attracts a huge number of experienced climbers, but not all of them cope with difficult climbs and dangers awaiting them on the way. So in 1988, the life of two foreign climbers Fox and Donkin, who came here from the UK, as well as two guides accompanying them, who attempted to conquer the cherished peak, ended.

Beautiful name this mountain received in memory of the great Russian poet and writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1938, when exactly one hundred years have passed since his death. Pushkin Peak is located in the central part of the Greater Caucasus, on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. It ranks fourth in our ranking, and its height is equal to 5100 meters. The snowy peak of the mountain with such a beautiful name sparkling in the sun beckons thousands of travelers and climbers to conquer its height and show them the unprecedented beauties of Russian nature.

Another of the highest mountains of the Russian Federation was Dzhangitau, which is part of the huge massif of the 12-kilometer Bezengi wall, located on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. The height of Mount Dzhangitau is 5085 meters. It is for the conquest of this peak that climbers are awarded the badge of honor "Snow Leopard of Russia", which is a good incentive for many travelers and active tourists. The first climber to receive this title is Alexei Bukinich, a citizen of Sochi.

The sixth place in our list is occupied by the beautiful mountain Shkhara as part of the Main Caucasian Range. It is located on the border between Kabardino-Balkaria and Georgia. Its height reaches 5068 meters, which is the highest point of the Georgian Democratic Republic. The slopes of the mountain from granite rocks and crystalline schists, sparkling in the sun, will seem to you a fabulous phenomenon of enchanting beauty. From the tops of the mountain, icy rivers and dangerous cliffs descend, captivating the eye. Today Shkhara is a popular destination for climbers who prefer extreme views recreation.

Kazbek is a majestic dormant volcano, shrouded in legends and closely associated with ancient myths about the titan Prometheus, who, according to ancient beliefs, was chained to this mountain for giving fire to people in ancient times. Kazbek takes the seventh position in our ranking with a height of 5034 meters. Its location belongs to North Ossetia of the Georgian Republic and is part of the Greater Caucasus. The first conqueror of its peak was an Englishman, after whom only a few decades later the Russian surveyor Andrey Pastukhov decided to climb. On the slopes of Kazbek, six gorges, several ancient caves with ancient monasteries and mountain settlements were found, where hiking trips for Russian and foreign tourists. The picturesque area and the majestic snowy peaks of Kazbek attract a huge flow of travelers and explorers.

2.12.2019 at 23:01 · VeraSchegoleva · 17 750

Top 10 highest mountains in Russia

While Russia is often seen through the lens of cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg, it has much more to offer. Natural landscapes turn Russia into a paradise for travelers, which to this day is not so wide open to the eyes of the layman. For all passionate travelers, we officially declare here the most breathtaking mountains!

Even if you are not an avid mountaineer or mountain climber, visiting these stunning peaks will add some adventure to your Russian holiday.

« Is there anything better than mountains? Mountains you haven't visited yet". Ask any Russian and they will surely recognize this famous song by Vladimir Vysotsky. And who can really disagree with that?

Caucasus, Altai, Ural, Siberia, Kamchatka - there are many places in the country where climbers and tourists can experience the magic of mighty peaks for themselves.

We present you a list of the 10 highest mountains in Russia - an extensive geography, as well as the highest points on the map with names and peak heights - information for grade 4.

10. Belukha, 4905 m

Towering in the Republic Beluga whale is a three-peak mountain range, which rises along the border between Russia and Kazakhstan, just a few dozen miles north of the point where this border meets the Chinese border. There are several small glaciers on the mountain, including the Belukha glacier.

Belukha was first climbed in 1914 by the Tronov brothers. Most climbs to east summit follow the same southern route as on the first ascent. Although Altai is lower in elevation than other Asian mountain groups, it is very remote and requires a lot of time and planning to approach.

9. Klyuchevskaya Sopka, 4850 m

Klyuchevskaya Sopka appeared 6000 years ago. Its first recorded eruption occurred in 1697, and since then it has been almost continuously active, like many of its neighbors.

The peak was first climbed in 1788 by Daniel Gauss and two other members of the Billings expedition. Other climbs were not recorded until 1931, when several climbers were killed by flying lava on the descent. Since such dangers still exist today, few ascents have been made to the summit.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka is considered sacred by some indigenous peoples, and is regarded by them as the place where the world was created. Other volcanoes in the region have similar spiritual significance, but Klyuchevskaya Sopka is the most sacred of them.

8. Peak Shota Rustaveli, 4859 m

The mountain, better known as Shota Rustaveli Peak is located in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range on the border of Svanetia (Georgia) and Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).

Shota Rustaveli is usually the ninth highest point in the Caucasus. The slopes of the mountain are glacial, and some of the glaciers descend well into the neighboring valleys. Its name takes its roots from the famous Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli.

7. Mizhirgi, 5025 m

In early January 2009, Sasha Gukov, Sergei Kondrashkin, Alik Izotov and Viktor Koval made the first winter climb along the north ridge of East Peak Mizhirgi.

Mizhirgi - the eastern auxiliary peak of Dykhtau, on the ridge in the direction of Koshtuntau; its northern side rises almost 2000 m above the basin of the Mizhirgi glacier.

The route was first climbed in August 1952 by Vasily Pelevin's five-man team on a hard 5B, but is rarely repeated due to bad rock and rockfall at the bottom. The team experienced a lot of bad weather in 2009, making five bivouacs before reaching the summit.

6. Kazbek, 5032 m

Known locally as Mkinvartsveri or top of a glacier, mountain Kazbek rises to 5032 meters above sea level, making it the most high mountain in eastern Georgia and one of the highest in Russia. The peak is located right on the border with Russia, but the easiest way to climb is from the Georgian side.

Due to the relative ease with which this dormant stratovolcano rises and the breathtaking views from the summit, Mount Kazbek is one of the most popular destinations for climbers in the Caucasus Range. Most tourists flock to climb it during June and July, but local guides also offer winter trips for downhill skiing.

Mount Kazbek was first conquered in 1868 by an expedition of English and French climbers in the Alpine Club, but for a long time it had cultural and historical significance for the local population.

According to legend, the Georgian version of Prometheus was chained to this mountain as punishment for stealing fire from the gods and then passing it on to mortals.

5. Pushkin Peak, 5100 m

Pushkin Peak located in the Dykh-Tau Bezengi mountain range (Central Caucasus, Russia) between Eastern Dykh-Tau and Borovikov Peak. From the top of Borovikov peak to the north there is a thin ridge.

Subdued in 1961 by the Spartak team led by Kletsko (3rd place in the USSR championship). The route of Kletsko ran to the left of Borovikov Peak to the west of Mizhirga.

There is another track on Pushkinskaya 5V, laid by Kudinov in 1972 (4th place in the USSR championship), passing more on the right. It goes along the avalanche-prone hanging glacier and is dangerous due to the collapse of ice from the upper hanging glacier.

4. Koshtan Tau, 5152 m

Koshtan- the fourth highest mountain in Europe. This is one of the two "Bezengi Brothers", marking the eastern tip of the Northern massif. Great Pyramid Koshtana is impressive and its northwestern face gives you a good idea of ​​how challenging climbing the Caucasus can be.

The north ridge route is fairly straight but long. In addition, the journey to this peak is challenging and difficult as you have to climb three steps of the Mijirgi glacier.

Most of the other routes on the summit are difficult and dangerous. A few years ago, a whole team of Ukrainian climbers was killed at the top during a rock climbing competition. Peak is also known as Koshtan Tau.

3. Shkhara, 5193 m

Shkhara is the highest point and the eastern anchor of the massif known as the Bezinga (or Bezengi) wall, a 12 km ridge. This is a large, steep peak in a heavily iced region, presenting serious problems for climbers. Its northern side (on the Russian side) is 1500 meters high and contains some classic difficult routes.

The significant peak of Shkhara in the west, 5193 m high, is a climbing target in itself, and crossing the entire Bezinga wall is considered " the longest, most difficult expedition in Europe".

The peak was first climbed in 1888 along the Northeast Ridge route by the British-Swiss team of W. Almer, J. Kokin and C. Roth. This route is still one of the easiest and most popular routes on the mountain. The first full run of the Besinji wall was in 1931 by the Austrians K. Poppinger, K. Moldan and S. Schintlmeister.

2. Dykh-tau, 5204 m

Dykh-Tau is the second largest in the Caucasus mountains after Elbrus and the second highest in Europe.

This is one of the great Caucasian peaks facing the magnificent Bezinga wall across the Bezingi glacier. The first ascent of Mummery and Zarfluh in 1888 was a major achievement of the time. Their route up the southwest ridge is no longer used as a regular route.

1. Elbrus, 5642 m

Elbrus is an extinct volcano with two cones reaching 5642 meters and 5595 meters in height. The volcano formed over 2.5 million years ago. Sulfuric gases are still vented on its eastern slopes, and there are many mineral springs along the downstreams.

The total area of ​​Elbrus is 138 sq. km covered by 22 glaciers that feed the Kuban River and some of the upper reaches of the Terek. Elbrus is a major center of mountaineering and tourism in the Caucasus region. In 1964, an extensive tourist and climbing base with large sports facilities was opened.

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Mountains occupy about 24% of all land. Most mountains in Asia - 64%, least of all in Africa - 3%. 10% of the world's population lives in mountains. And it is in the mountains that most of the rivers on our planet originate.

Characteristics of the mountains

By geographic location mountains unite in different communities, which should be distinguished.

. mountain belts- the largest formations, often stretching across several continents. For example, the Alpine-Himalayan belt runs through Europe and Asia, or the Andean-Cordillera, stretching through North and South America.
. mountain system- groups of mountains and ranges, similar in structure and age. For example, the Ural Mountains.

. mountain ranges- a group of mountains, elongated in a line (Sangre de Cristo in the USA).

. mountain groups- also a group of mountains, but not elongated in a line, but simply located nearby. For example, the Ber-Po Mountains in Montana.

. Solitary mountains- not related to others, often of volcanic origin (Table Mountain in South Africa).

Natural areas of mountains

Natural areas in the mountains are arranged in layers and change depending on the height. At the foot, there is most often a zone of meadows (in the highlands) and forests (in the middle and low mountains). The higher, the more severe the climate becomes.

The change of belts is influenced by climate, height, topography of mountains and their geographical position. For example, continental mountains do not have a belt of forests. From the foot to the top, natural areas change from deserts to grasslands.

Mountain views

There are several classifications of mountains according to various signs: by structure, form, origin, age, geographical location. Consider the most basic types:

1. By age distinguish old and young mountains.

old called mountain systems, whose age is hundreds of millions of years. The internal processes in them have subsided, and the external ones (wind, water) continue to destroy, gradually comparing them with the plains. The old mountains include the Ural, Scandinavian, Khibiny (on the Kola Peninsula).

2. Height distinguish between low, medium and high mountains.

Low mountains (up to 800 m) - with rounded or flat tops and gentle slopes. There are many rivers in these mountains. Examples: Northern Urals, Khibiny, spurs of the Tien Shan.

Medium mountains (800-3000 m). They are characterized by a change in landscape depending on the height. These are the Polar Urals, the Appalachians, the mountains of the Far East.

High mountains (over 3000 m). Basically, these are young mountains with steep slopes and sharp peaks. Natural areas change from forests to icy deserts. Examples: Pamir, Caucasus, Andes, Himalayas, Alps, Rocky Mountains.

3. By origin they distinguish volcanic (Fujiyama), tectonic (Altai Mountains) and denudation, or erosional (Vilyuysky, Ilimsky).

4. According to the shape of the top mountains are peak-shaped (Communism Peak, Kazbek), plateau-shaped and table-shaped (Amby in Ethiopia or Monument Valley in the USA), domed (Ayu-Dag, Mashuk).

Climate in the mountains

The mountain climate has a number of characteristic features that appear with height.

Decrease in temperature - the higher, the colder. It is no coincidence that the peaks of the highest mountains are covered with glaciers.

The atmospheric pressure drops. For example, at the top of Everest, the pressure is two times lower than at sea level. That is why water in the mountains boils faster - at 86-90ºC.

The intensity of solar radiation increases. In the mountains, sunlight contains more ultraviolet light.

The amount of precipitation is increasing.

High mountain ranges delay precipitation and affect the movement of cyclones. Therefore, the climate on different slopes of the same mountain may differ. On the windward side there is a lot of moisture, sun, on the leeward side it is always dry and cool. A striking example is the Alps, where subtropics are represented on one side of the slopes, and a temperate climate dominates on the other.

The highest mountains in the world

(Click on the picture to enlarge the scheme in full size)

There are seven highest peaks in the world, which all climbers dream of conquering. Those who succeeded become honorary members of the "Seven Peaks Club". These are mountains such as:

. Chomolungma, or Everest (8848 m). Located on the border of Nepal and Tibet. Belongs to the Himalayas. It has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. The first conquest of the mountain took place in 1953.

. aconcagua(6962 m). It is the highest mountain in the southern hemisphere, located in Argentina. Belongs to the Andes mountain system. The first ascent took place in 1897.

. McKinley- highest peak North America(6168 m). Located in Alaska. First conquered in 1913. It was considered the highest point in Russia until Alaska was sold to America.

. kilimanjaro- the highest mark in Africa (5891.8 m). Located in Tanzania. First conquered in 1889. This is the only mountain where all types of the Earth's belts are represented.

. Elbrus — highest peak Europe and Russia (5642 m). Located in the Caucasus. The first ascent took place in 1829.

. Vinson Massif- the highest mountain of Antarctica (4897 m). It is part of the Ellsworth Mountains. First conquered in 1966.

. Mont Blanc — highest point Europe (many attribute Elbrus to Asia). Height - 4810 m. Located on the border of France and Italy, belongs to the mountain system of the Alps. The first ascent in 1786, and a century later, in 1886, Theodore Roosevelt conquered the summit of Mont Blanc.

. Pyramid of Carstens- the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania (4884 m). Located on an island New Guinea. The first conquest was in 1962.