Low cost air travel will increase its market share. According to ICAO, in 2016, low-cost carriers accounted for approximately 28% of the world's total scheduled passenger traffic, whereas in 2003, according to the consulting A.T. Kearney, it was about 10%.
Low-cost airlines are most popular in Europe: they account for 32% of all passenger traffic there. Similar indicators in the Asia-Pacific region amounted to 31%, in North America - 25%.
At the same time, the boundary between low-cost airlines and airlines with a traditional economic model is blurred. Currently, it makes sense to talk about hybrid air carriers that offer a wide fare range, including low-cost fares with a minimum baggage allowance, and familiar economy class tickets with free meals on board, as well as premium and business fares.
Thus, most Russian airlines, including S7, UTair, Ural Airlines”, launched tariffs that involve the carriage of a minimum baggage allowance of 10 kg (in hand luggage or luggage compartment) instead of the previously customary 20 kg. Thus, according to the Russian Pobeda, in 2016, about 12% of the airline's passengers used air transport for the first time in their lives. That is
the presence of a wide tariff range with the possibility of using cheap air transportation allows attracting new consumers.
This is also supported by rising prosperity in developing countries such as China and India. According to IATA, the volume of passenger traffic in these two countries jumped in 2016 by 23.3 and 11.7%, respectively. By 2035, global passenger traffic will reach 7.2 billion people (in 2016 - 3.7 billion).
Low-cost air transportation is also increasing its share on long-haul routes. For example, Norwegian Air Shuttle has increased the frequency of flights from Europe to North America for 2016 by 44%, counted in the British OAG. And the Asian low-cost airline AirAsia is thinking about launching flights from Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur to Moscow.
According to IATA, air travel continues to get cheaper. According to the International Association air transport, the average cost of a round-trip ticket in 2017 will be reduced to $351. Compared to the 1995 level, this indicator has decreased by 63%.
Digitalization of communication with passengers
Global airlines and airports are increasing the use of digital technologies both in internal management and in communication with passengers. 6% of airlines are already testing, and 17% plan to start testing within the next five years artificial intelligence. Among airports, the share is slightly higher: 21% of airports intend to test applications using artificial intelligence in the next five years, according to a study by aviation IT solutions provider SITA.
SITA estimates that 55% of global travelers have used some form of self-service technology while flying. Interest in digital services is growing: about 76% of passengers would like to receive notifications about the start of baggage claim on their mobile devices, almost the same number (74%) would prefer to learn about changes in flight schedules via mobile applications.
By 2019, the share of airports in the world that will provide information about the status of the flight and the baggage claim process directly to the mobile devices of passengers will increase to 72%.
“Self-check-in, baggage check-in, receipt of electronic boarding pass, independent movement between different areas of the airport - this will make life easier for the airport, because it will use less staff, and it will be easier to track the movements of passengers, ”explained Roman Gusarov, editor-in-chief of Avia.ru.
With the help of mobile applications, it will be possible not only to find out about the boarding gate number or rescheduling the departure time, but also to rebook the ticket. Now this solution is used by about 21% of the world's airlines. For example, the Dutch KLM (part of the AIr France-KLM holding) allows you to rebook tickets via WhatsApp, and the Italian Meridiana, in the event of a schedule change, offered passengers to choose a new flight option via SMS or e-mail.
By 2019, the number of air carriers using mobile applications, SMS services and chats for rebooking will increase to 73%.
Quiet Airport
Thanks to digitalization and the use of mobile devices for information, airports will be able to do away with annoying announcements over the loudspeaker. The concept of a "quiet airport" has gained ground primarily in Europe.
The idea is to keep airport noise, which is an annoyance to many passengers, to a minimum by limiting it to safety announcements and emergency messages.
Among the pioneers, the concept of "silence" was introduced by the airports of Helsinki, Munich, London City Airport, and the air hub in Mumbai.
By doing so, airports are trying to create a calm environment in which passengers can relax in restaurants and cafes without annoying loudspeakers, said Angela Gittens, CEO of Airports Council International (Airports Council International).
Such a policy is beneficial in that it will help increase non-aeronautical revenues: according to the representative of the airport in Munich, Corinna Born, thanks to the concept of a “quiet airport”, passengers increase their time in the terminal, preferring to arrive early.
Moscow Domodedovo also took the path of reducing the frequency of voice alerts: only the most necessary messages are heard here. “Announcements in the common area are of an informational nature related to the rules for carrying items in luggage and hand luggage, safety rules, and a ban on smoking: messages sound every two hours and are generated automatically by the system,” the airport’s press service said.
Noise pollution has an economic impact: according to a study by the Dutch National Institute for Health and the Environment, proximity to an airport resulted in a 50 percent drop in residential land prices. On a Dutch scale, noise pollution from airports annually cost the country about €1 billion, the authors of the report calculated. More than half of this amount was accounted for by Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
New generation aircraft will also help reduce noise pollution at the airport: for example, the Boeing 787 is 60% quieter and the Airbus A350 is 50% quieter during takeoff and landing than similar models of the previous generation.
airport as a city
Airports will not only become major transport hubs, but will also compete with shopping and entertainment centers. Those air hubs that have a large-scale transit flow will develop the concept of "airport-city". “This is a place where you can get a full range of services. And a hairdresser, and a cinema, and restaurants, and a hotel. This will allow transit passengers to find any way to spend their time,” explains Avia.ru editor-in-chief Roman Gusarov.
For example, in international airport Singapore Changi, which occupies 13 sq. km and serves more than 50 million people annually (in 2016 - 58.7 million people), passengers can pass the time not only in shops and restaurants, but also swim in the pool located in the hotel for transit passengers in terminal 1, go to the cinema or visit the flowering garden in terminal 2.
Airports will become multimodal transport centers, in the building of which both railway and bus stations. At the same time, this is partly happening now: for example, Aeroexpress passengers can check in and check in their luggage for the flight before boarding the train.
However, such a future awaits only large international hubs. Small airports will implement these innovations only partially, as needed, abandoning more expensive infrastructure and capital-intensive solutions, Gusarov stressed.
Narrow body and long haul
The main demand of airlines in the next 20 years will be for narrow-body liners (90-230 passengers). According to Airbus, the global need for such liners will be 24 thousand aircraft in the period from 2016 to 2035. According to Boeing, the demand for such aircraft will reach 28,140 units.
Analysts from both airlines unanimously state that narrow-body aircraft will account for more than 71% of projected demand.
The main buyers of such liners will be low-cost airlines, according to Boeing.
Airbus also believes in growth in demand for long-haul aircraft, as by 2035 the number of passengers on such flights will double to about 2.5 million people. The Asia-Pacific region will become the leader in the purchase of new aircraft in the next 20 years.
The air transportation market is growing rapidly, so designers regularly publish concepts for the flying transport of the future.
Aerospace giant Airbus has tested an unmanned flying taxi created as part of the Vahana project. An aircraft called Alpha One took to the air for the first time. The lift height was low - only 16 feet (4.9 m) - and Alpha One was in the air for only 53 seconds, after which it landed. Nevertheless, the aircraft performed all operations independently, offline. The next day, the Vahana project team conducted another test takeoff of the Alpha One, and it was also a success.
Airbus reportedly launched this project to "democratize private flying" using all the latest technology, including machine vision and electric propulsion. Based on this concept, the Vahana team developed the Alpha One, a single-passenger vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) electric aircraft. The company's ultimate goal is to create a fleet-like network of autonomous passenger drones, self-propelled passenger vehicles, which Waymo is set to launch this year, but only Airbus's project is even more ambitious.
However, before that happens, Airbus needs to continue to develop its technology and perform even more flight tests before moving on to level flight testing.
Lockheed Martin & Airion
Among the developers of various manned equipment, a real battle is flaring up over who will release the supersonic aircraft first, which will be widely distributed. And recently, one of the largest manufacturers in the face of Lockheed Martin has joined this race with its new project for a supersonic business jet.
Lockheed Martin is collaborating with Aerion on a new project, and the new aircraft will be called the AS2. The main innovation in the production of the aircraft will be the design of three engines: two are located under the wings of the aircraft, the third - in the tail. This arrangement will positively affect both the speed and aerodynamics of the future airliner. It is worth noting that Lockheed Martin engineers introduced such a design back in 2014, but only now it has found a worthy application. In addition, the cabin of the aircraft will be made according to all standards corresponding to the premium segment, and the flight from Los Angeles to Sydney, according to the assurances of the creators, will take the airliner only two hours.
Cooperation with Aerion was not accidental. The fact is that this company is one of the market leaders in the design of aerodynamic hulls, which is very important for any aircraft.
The founder of the American company SpaceX, Elon Musk, proposed using promising reusable BFR launch vehicles for passenger flights on planet Earth. According to Musk's tweet, thanks to such rockets, the duration of the flight between any two points on the planet will not exceed one hour. Today, many developers aircraft are working on a significant reduction in flight time. The creation of “quiet” supersonic aircraft is considered as the main way to speed up air travel. passenger aircraft. The first such aircraft should appear in the early 2020s and reduce the time of flights across regular routes twice on average.
According to a presentation posted on the SpaceX YouTube channel, BFR rockets with passenger modules could be launched from offshore platforms. Passengers would be transported there by high-speed boats. After launch and entry into orbit, the detachable stages of the BFR rocket would return to the ground, and the passenger module would fly to the target outside the Earth's atmosphere at a speed of 27 thousand kilometers per hour.
Toyota has decided to invest $350,000 in a project to create a flying car. According to NHK, this will help complete the development of the vehicle by 2019. The public premiere of the car may take place as early as 2020 at the Tokyo Olympics. According to preliminary data, the flying car will be called Skydrive. Since 2012, several Toyota employees have been working on this project on a voluntary basis. A single machine will receive four rotors, which will work by analogy with modern quadrocopters.
The maximum speed of Skydrive will be 100 kilometers per hour. The machine will be capable of taking off at a height of up to 10 meters. Also, the car will be able to move on public roads.
Earlier it was reported that Toyota plans to create a hovercraft. It was assumed that this solution would reduce friction and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of the motor and improve control.
On this moment several companies are developing flying machines at once. Yes, this year it is vehicle was presented by the Slovak company AeroMobil. The development of the machine has been going on for 25 years. At the moment, the novelty is already available for pre-order. Prices for it range from 1.2 to 1.5 million euros.
It takes three minutes for AeroMobil to automatically enter flight mode. The power reserve in the ground version is 700 kilometers, and in the air - 750. The maximum speed of the car is 160 kilometers per hour. At the same time, in air mode, this figure reaches 360 kilometers per hour. Up to 100 kilometers per hour, the vehicle can accelerate in 10 seconds. The weight of the machine is 960 kilograms.
boom
British billionaire Richard Branson backed the US company Boom in its development of a passenger supersonic airliner. The day before, the company presented a prototype of this aircraft, called the XB-1 Supersonic Demonstrator.
Financial and technical support for the project is provided by Branson's Virgin Galactic. The first test flight of the airliner is scheduled for the end of next year, tests will take place in Southern California.
The prototype shown is a 1:3 scaled down copy of the production model. The plane is made of composite materials, it has only 40 standard first-class passenger seats, which are located one in a row.
It is expected that the new supersonic passenger aircraft will be able to cover the distance between London and New York in 3.5 hours, the road from San Francisco to Tokyo will take four hours, and from Los Angeles to Sydney can be reached in six hours.
“I have long been passionate about aerospace innovation and the development of high-speed commercial flights. Virgin Galactic is an innovator in space and it was an easy decision for them to work with Boom,” says Richard Branson.
Air transport in Russia is due to the specifics - high and low density of ground transport network. In regions such as North European Russia, Siberia and, is the main mode of transport.
Realized volumes of passenger traffic, as confirmed by the domestic one, are mainly determined by the level of economic development, measured (GDP) of the country. In the conditions of development or recession of the economy, the pace of development of passenger traffic, as a rule, corresponds to the rate of change, so the volume of passenger traffic is directly related to the development of the economy.
The air transport of the country, which performs more than a third of the volume of passenger traffic, in the coming years requires the renewal of the fleet, with the development of a resource and technical obsolescence. shows that the volume passenger air transportation in recent years have increased by 75%, reaching the level of 1993. However, the positive is due to the increase in the volume of international air traffic, while the weight of domestic (regional) traffic is steadily declining. In Russia, with a constantly growing demand for this type of air transportation, passenger traffic on domestic airlines has decreased by 25% over 15 years (by 2006), and in 2007 by another 6% and amounted to 43% of the total passenger traffic civil aviation Russia. Such results are not consistent with the practice of large countries with vast territories, where domestic air transport is the basis of the entire volume of passenger air transport. Over the past 15 years, the number of regional airports operating in the Russian Federation has decreased by more than three times, from 1302 to 351. At the same time, the level of depreciation of the infrastructure of the remaining airports reaches 75-80%, and this leads to the destruction of interregional aviation communications and to a significant air transportation market. half of the aircraft included in the state civil aircraft Russia, is in a state of airworthiness. Old domestic aircraft make up 75% (2010 units) of this serviceable fleet, and almost 40% of these aircraft are regional aircraft (Tu-134, -24, -40). At the same time, the service of these vessels, with all possible extensions of resources, ends with their complete decommissioning in the next 5–7 years (until 2015). With such a level of depreciation of fixed assets, any technical and production system loses stability.
The way out of this situation is the translation civil Russia on .
From all of the above, it follows that research related to the organization and development of airlines in the field of air transportation is relevant.
The degree of knowledge of the problem. The study of the problems of formation and development innovation activities enterprises devoted to a sufficient number of works of domestic and foreign authors. Currently, authoritative scientists are engaged in the problems of reforming civil aviation: Vasiliev V.A., I.F., Zherebin A.M., Isaev A.S., Kireev A.P., Koblov V.L., Kovalkov Yu.A. ., Kokoshin .A., Kotov V.G., Kuzyk .N., Kulichkov E.N., Mazulev V.A., Maevsky V.I., Malkov S. ., Popov L.G., Rogov ., Rogovsky E.A., Fedosov.A., Khrulev N.V., Khrutsky V.E., Chernavsky D.S., Pogosyan M.A., Novozhilov G.V., as well as other leaders and specialists of the aviation - industrial complex .
Through the efforts of many specialists, in particular, V.M. Anshin, A.V. Vorontsovsky, V.I. Voropaev, O.N. Dmitriev, .Yu. Egorov, V.V. Kovalev, Yu.S. Kudinov, A.B. Idrisov, N.V. Igorshin, A.V. Popov, A.G. Porshnev, A. . Karzhauv, V.K. Senchagov, S. Surov, .N. Folomiev, V.Z. Chernyak, A.D. Sheremet, V.M. Shitenkov, V.I. Tsurkov, Yu.V. Yakutin and others, solved the issues of economic and financial evaluation of investment projects, which traditionally take place at the stage of innovative design associated with the preparation of a feasibility study for projects and their implementation.
Among the most important results obtained by the author and determining the scientific novelty of the research, the following can be distinguished:
The modern features of the development of domestic civil aviation are revealed, which consist in strengthening the role of the innovative component in the activities of airlines, and the need to form an innovative infrastructure in the field of air transportation is substantiated;
Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of innovative activities of Russian airlines in the field of air transportation
1.1. Comprehensive characteristics of the evolutionary development of civil aviation in Russia and the sphere of air transportation
1.2. Features of the organization of innovative activities of airlines in the field of air transportation
1.3 Principles for the development of a corporate culture for managing innovation activities of airlines
List of used literature.
Application.
MAIN CONTENT OF THE THEsis
1. Innovative activity in the field of air transportation is understood as the development of innovative ideas in the field of organizing the infrastructure of air transportation, the introduction of new types of aircraft that meet international requirements for operation on domestic and external lines, the implementation of projects to introduce advanced information technologies for the provision of services to passengers and business management with with the help of investments made by financial and private companies, taking into account interaction with government agencies. At present, all innovative ideas, one way or another, are connected with high science-intensive technologies. Air transportation leaders are planning a large-scale renovation of aircraft, based on the economics of their business, taking into account what kind of aircraft domestic airlines need. According to the Transport Clearing House, for five months of 2007 the volume of passengers transported Russian airlines, increased by 16% and reached 14.15 million. Market participants predict a 20% market growth by the end of the year. The intensity of flights is also growing. Over the past six months, it has increased by 13% compared to the same period in 2006 - up to 461 thousand. Aeroflot has the largest number of passengers carried in five months of 2007 (more than 22%), followed by S7 (12.3 %), Transaero (7.2%), STC Rossiya (7.1%), UTair (7%), VIM- (5%). Together they control more than 60% of Russian air transportation, and the growth rate of their production and financial indicators exceeds the growth rate of the entire market. , say industry experts, it does not follow that the leaders will remain unchanged in the near future.
2. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Theoretical foundations for the formation of service by airlines of the passenger-and-freight flow on the transport spatial structure. [Text] / D.Yu. Erzakovich// Natural and Technical science No. 6, 2007, - pp. 29-32. - (0.38 p.l.)
3. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Formation of innovative activity of airlines in the field of air transportation. [Text] / D.Yu. Erzakovich // Issues of Economic Sciences No. 4, 2008, - p. 113-117. - (0.4 p.l.)
4. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Principles of development of corporate culture of innovation management in airlines [Text] / D. Yu. Erzakovich // Sat. scientific works "Management of innovations and investment activity", 7. - M.: GASIS, 2007, - p. 86-95. - (0.6 p.l.).
5. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Leasing as a tool for investing in the innovative activities of airlines in the field of air transportation [Text] / D. Yu. Erzakovich // Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference " Modern Russia: and the state. - M .: GASIS, 2006, - . 54-58. - (0.3 p.l.).
6. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Fundamentals of the organization of innovative activities of airlines in the field of air transportation. [Text] /D.Yu. Erzakovich // Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Actual problems of the development of economic systems: theory and practice", - M .: IE RAS, 2008, - p. 41-47. - (0.35 p.l.).
7. Erzakovich, D. Yu. Creation of an integrated innovation in the field of air transportation [Text] / D. Yu. Erzakovich // Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Modern Russia: and the State" - M.: GASIS, 2007, - p. 36-39. - (0.25 p.l.).
Paper format 60x90/16. Conv. oven l. 1.
Publishing house GASIS, st. Trifonovskaya, 57.
- Vadim Vyacheslavovich, what is the essence of the reform in the cluster policy of the region?
As you know, two high-tech clusters, aviation and nuclear, already operate in the Ulyanovsk region. We combine them into one, innovative, Technocampus 2.0 will become its core. It will house engineering centers, pilot production facilities and advanced educational institutions.
This will give a new impetus to the development of the economy. Such complex technological projects, designed for a long-term effect, are the basis of our innovative future.
– How will these changes affect the participants of the air cluster?
We look forward to maintaining and growing positive dynamics aviation industry Ulyanovsk region. Recently, new hi-tech companies have come to the region, integrated into the cooperation chains of the aviation industry. The volume of shipped innovative products increased by 2.9 times, and labor productivity - by 65%. The export of the air cluster organizations in 2013-2016 exceeded 21 billion rubles.
The innovation cluster allows you to combine the possibilities of industrial production with the latest technologies. For example, a major success in the development of the aviation cluster in the Ulyanovsk region is the creation of the Aerocomposite plant, which is unique and fundamentally new for our country. It has already started production composite wing for the new generation aircraft MS-21, which allows to improve its aerodynamic qualities, reduce weight characteristics and improve resource characteristics. Russian developers were the first in the world to manufacture an aircraft wing entirely from composite materials. Nobody in the industry has done this before.
Another significant participant in the aviation cluster is Promtekh-Ulyanovsk. The company is working on reducing the weight of cable and pipeline networks of aircraft. And this is a significant factor in the competitiveness of products.
– The work of the Ulyanovsk delegation at MAKS-2017 has become very fruitful…
Yes, at the International Aviation and Space Salon, Governor Sergei Morozov signed a number of important agreements that will undoubtedly accelerate the development of the regional aviation industry. Among the key agreements is an agreement with Irkut Corporation on intentions to create a customization center for MS-21 and Sukhoi Superjet-100 aircraft in the port special economic zone. This will entail the opening of new enterprises and accelerate the development of the aviation cluster in the Ulyanovsk region.
I would also note the agreement with the United Aircraft Corporation on the formation of an industrial park on the basis of JSC Aviastar-SP. Now the plant is undergoing a serious modernization, investments in which have already exceeded 5.5 billion rubles. The production areas released in the process of optimization will be used more efficiently: they will become an industrial park that will attract investment in the creation of new high-tech industries.
For more than a year (he flew out on March 9, 2015) "completes" trip around the world, one might think that the development passenger aviation stopped or even reversed. Of course, Solar Impulse 2 is not the future of aviation, but modern aircraft are slower than supersonic ones. conchords flying 30 years ago. New aircraft models basically differ from the old ones only in greater fuel efficiency. Airbus is not even going to develop a new aircraft for the 2020s. However, everything is not so hopeless. The most promising projects in aeronautics, demonstrating that the development of aviation still continues.
electric planes
Airbus-E-FanAirbus is testing a small but all-electric Airbus-E-Fan aircraft. The latest achievement of the aircraft is the flight across the English Channel. So far, this model cannot be used for any long flights, even by one person.
But many aircraft manufacturers have no doubt that electric aviation is the future. To begin with, it is planned, as in cars, to make a hybrid engine. Airbus intends to test a "more electric aircraft" as part of the DISPURSAL project in 2022. The contribution of the electric fan motor to the total thrust should be 23%.
NASA in 2016 announced the start of development of the X-57 Maxwell aircraft equipped with 14 electric motors. It will be a small four-seat aircraft. According to engineers, the introduction of electric motors will significantly reduce operating costs. The agency does not say when the aircraft will be created.
German startup Lilium Aviation has received funding to build an electric private jet that can take off and land without an airport. For takeoff and landing, the aircraft will need only 225 meters. The company has already created a prototype and plans to introduce a full-size version at the end of 2018.
supersonic aircraft
Aerion AS2
The Aerion AS2 is the first supersonic aircraft in a very long time from Airbus. This is a private jet designed for 12 passengers. $4 billion will be invested in its development, and the release is planned for 2023.
In early March, NASA announced the development of the QueSST, a near-silent supersonic aircraft. main reason prohibition of supersonic passenger aircraft (in addition to saving fuel) there was too much noise when switching to supersonic speed. NASA has developed methods to get rid of the noise and plans to build a prototype around 2020.
Aviation startup Boom backed by Virgin Galactic is working on supersonic aircraft. The startup is going to use the new aircraft to fly over the Atlantic 2.5 times faster conventional aircraft. The $2 billion investment should allow the company to build a prototype by the end of 2017.
According to its creators, the Skylon aircraft will be able to get to any point in 4 hours at a speed 5 times faster than the speed of sound. To create it, British engineers are testing a new type of engine. They announced the first tests for 2019. However, this project, despite an investment of 60 million euros from the British government, is the longest and most difficult to implement of all
New passenger aircraft
The largest aircraft manufacturers believe that aeronautics is already a miracle and, although a new aircraft appears every 5-10 years, there is no need for any breakthrough improvements. More details in the table.Plane-table
| Boeing 737 MAX
|
The Boeing 737 MAX has already received 2,500 orders and can become the market leader. Its claimed superiority over the existing leader Airbus A320neo is that it consumes 4% less fuel. The first deliveries to customers will begin in 2017. | ||||||||
| MS-21
|
The new Russian aircraft MS-21 will have a completely Russian engine. Putin stated that he would be in no way inferior to foreign counterparts. Rogozin told reporters that mass production will begin in 2020. | ||||||||
| Mitsubishi Regional Jet
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Japan will build the first modern passenger jet in its history. It is small and does not pretend to anything. Planned start of operation in 2018. | ||||||||
| Comac C919
|
But the first Chinese in a long time passenger liner The Comac C919 is about to break the Boeing/Airbus duopoly in the market. True, so far 500 orders for it are mainly from Chinese carriers. Release date - 2018. | ||||||||
| E2
|
The Brazilian company Embraer is not even going to create a new liner, but simply modernizes the current model and calls it the second generation. New engines and better fuel economy are expected. Nevertheless, contracts have already been signed for more than 300 deliveries of these aircraft. Deliveries to customers - since 2018. | ||||||||
| SSJ 100SV (Stretched Version)
|
The elongated Sukhoi Superjet will have up to 120 seats and will be released in 2019. In terms of other characteristics, it will be almost like the current superjet and will probably be inferior to the Boing 737 MAX, and in 2020 the Boing 777X will be released ... in general, the main thing is that it will fly and will be elongated, Aeroflot will have them will buy. | ||||||||
| Bombardier Series
|
The planes of the Canadian company Bombardier exceeded expectations. The manufacturer promises that the aircraft will use 10% less fuel than the Boeing 737 MAX and MS-21. Commissioning is expected in 2016.
The champion in the number of minor improvements will be the new Boeing 777X, scheduled for release in 2020. It will have a 5% stronger engine, 12% lower fuel costs and CO2 emissions, 17 tons more payload and 18% more seats.
Business jet Bombardier Global 8000 for 8 passengers will be able to fly without refueling a record 14,600 kilometers from average speed 956 km/h The company plans to start sales in 2019 at a price of about $65 million. The aircraft will also compete with the Gulfstream G600 - new business jets also going on sale in 2018-2020. The planes will cost from $35 million to $55 million.
The new Cobalt Co50 Valkyrie private jet is cheaper than the competition ($600,000) and the fastest in its class, but its main design innovation is that it looks exactly like Bruce Wayne's jet. It can carry up to 5 passengers at a time Release date - mid 2017.
A private amphibious aircraft SkiGull will be able to land not only on water, but in general on any surface (grass, snow, ice). It made its first flight in November 2015 and will start selling soon.
Another seaplane, the two-seat Icon A5, is capable of taking off and landing in the water, and can recover from a spin and is equipped with a parachute for the entire aircraft. It's considered so safe that you don't even need a pilot's license to fly, just 20 hours of practice. It costs $250,000 and is already in production. In 2016, the first 7 aircraft were assembled, but 1850 orders have already been made for the aircraft
The Cirrus Vision SF50 business jet may be the first mass-produced personal jet. It will be capable of carrying up to 7 passengers and should be significantly easier to fly than a conventional private jet. It will also have a parachute for the entire aircraft. 4 prototypes were built and the first aircraft was delivered to the customer in June 2016. In total, more than 600 such machines have already been ordered at a price of $ 2 million.
The British single-seat e-Go aircraft is unique for its low price of just $70,000. Cheaper than many cars. The first buyer received the aircraft in June 2016.
At the other end of the price spectrum, the $3 million Epic E1000, a six-seat private jet, will be capable of flying at class-record speeds of up to 600 km/h over 3,000 kilometers while climbing up to 10 km. So far, the prototype aircraft is being tested, but more than 60 orders have already been issued for it. VTOLEver since the advent of the helicopter, people have wanted to create a vehicle that is as fast as an airplane but can fly and land anywhere like a helicopter. This vehicle even received the working name VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) or simply a vertical takeoff aircraft. Persistent, but unsuccessful attempts to create this device are captured in the wheel of misfortune infographic (wheel of misfortune).
VTOL must be "capable of anything a bird can do in the air" and fly at least 3 times faster than a conventional helicopter
Formally, the Italian company AgustaWestland came closest to the creation of VTOL transport with the tiltrotor AW609. It is indeed capable of landing vertically and flying further than ordinary helicopters, but in terms of speed (509 km / h) it is still significantly inferior to aircraft. So far, convertiplanes have been produced only for the needs of the US military. But the AW609 will be a civilian vehicle for businessmen and the oil industry. Certification is expected in 2017 and 70 orders have already been received.
DARPA has announced a competition to finally create a vertical takeoff aircraft () and 4 large corporations (Boeing, Aurora Flight Sciences Corp, Sikorsky Aircraft Co and Karem Aircraft) will present their full-size prototypes for testing in February 2017.
Another attempt is an electric VTOL from startup Joby Aviation. The company says it will cost $200,000 a piece, but does not name a release date.
An alternative to creating a VTOL is to simply increase the speed of the helicopter. This is achieved by Sikorsky aircraft. Their new S-97 Raider helicopter is capable of flying at speeds up to 450 km/h. The first test flight was made in May 2015. Initially, only the military will be able to use this model. Helicopters also did not stop in development (especially military ones, but we are not talking about them here). Promising models in development are described in the table below: Helicopter table
OutcomeSumming up, we can note at least 3 trends in the development of aviation. Development of electric aircraft, the return of supersonic aircraft and the creation of a hybrid aircraft and helicopter (VTOL). The implementation of at least one of these developments will be a big breakthrough for the industry. In addition to these revolutionary changes, aircraft and helicopters are gradually improving with the release of new models (greater fuel efficiency, more composite materials, cheaper operation, more automation, etc.),Tags: Add tags |
