Afanasy Nikitin is a Russian traveler, Tver merchant and writer. Traveled from Tvrea to Persia and India (1468-1474). On the way back I visited the African coast (Somalia), Muscat and Turkey. Nikitin’s travel notes “Walking across Three Seas” are a valuable literary and historical monument. Marked by the versatility of his observations, as well as his religious tolerance, unusual for the Middle Ages, combined with devotion to the Christian faith and his native land.
Semyon Dezhnev (1605 -1673)
An outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia. In 1648, Dezhnev was the first among the famous European navigators (80 years earlier than Vitus Bering) to navigate the Bering Strait, which separates Alaska from Chukotka. A Cossack ataman and fur trader, Dezhnev actively participated in the development of Siberia (Dezhnev himself married a Yakut woman, Abakayada Syuchyu).
Grigory Shelikhov (1747 - 1795)
Russian industrialist who carried out geographical studies northern islands Pacific Ocean and Alaska. Founded the first settlements in Russian America. The strait between the island is named after him. Kodiak and the North American continent, a bay in the Sea of Okhotsk, a city in Irkutsk region and a volcano in the Kuril Islands. The remarkable Russian merchant, geographer and traveler, nicknamed by G. R. Derzhavin “Russian Columbus”, was born in 1747 in the city of Rylsk, Kursk province, into a bourgeois family. Overcoming the space from Irkutsk to the Lama (Okhotsk) Sea became his first journey. In 1781, Shelikhov created the North-East Company, which in 1799 was transformed into the Russian-American Trading Company.
Dmitry Ovtsyn (1704 - 1757)
Russian hydrographer and traveler, led the second of the detachments of the Great Northern Expedition. He made the first hydrographic inventory of the Siberian coast between the mouths of the Ob and Yenisei. Discovered the Gydan Bay and the Gydan Peninsula. Participated in Vitus Bering's last voyage to the shores North America. A cape and an island in the Yenisei Bay bear his name. Dmitry Leontyevich Ovtsyn had been in the Russian fleet since 1726, took part in the first voyage of Vitus Bering to the shores of Kamchatka, and by the time the expedition was organized he had risen to the rank of lieutenant. The significance of Ovtsyn’s expedition, as well as the rest of the detachments of the Great Northern Expedition, is extremely great. Based on the inventories compiled by Ovtsyn, maps of the places he explored were prepared until the beginning of the 20th century.
Ivan Krusenstern (1770 - 1846)
Russian navigator, admiral, led the first Russian round-the-world expedition. For the first time he mapped most of the coastline of the island. Sakhalin. One of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society. The strait in the northern part bears his name Kuril Islands, passage between o. Tsushima and the islands of Iki and Okinoshima in the Korea Strait, islands in Bering Strait and the Tuamotu Archipelago, a mountain on Novaya Zemlya. On June 26, 1803, the ships Neva and Nadezhda left Kronstadt and headed for the shores of Brazil. This was the first passage of Russian ships to the southern hemisphere. On August 19, 1806, while staying in Copenhagen, the Russian ship was visited by a Danish prince who wished to meet with Russian sailors and listen to their stories. The first Russian circumnavigation was of great scientific and practical importance and attracted the attention of the whole world. Russian navigators corrected English maps, which were then considered the most accurate, in many points.
Thaddeus Bellingshausen (1778 - 1852)
Thaddeus Bellingshausen is a Russian navigator, participant in the first Russian circumnavigation of I. F. Kruzenshtern. Leader of the first Russian Antarctic expedition to discover Antarctica. Admiral. The sea off the coast of Antarctica, the underwater basin between the continental slopes of Antarctica and South America, islands in the Pacific, Atlantic Oceans and the Aral Sea, the first Soviet polar station on the island. King George in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. The future discoverer of the southern polar continent was born on September 20, 1778 on the island of Ezel near the city of Arensburg in Livonia (Estonia).
Fyodor Litke (1797-1882)
Fyodor Litke - Russian navigator and geographer, count and admiral. Leader of the round-the-world expedition and research on Novaya Zemlya and the Barents Sea. Discovered two groups of islands in the Caroline chain. One of the founders and leaders of the Russian Geographical Society. Litke's name is given to 15 points on the map. Litke led the nineteenth Russian round-the-world expedition for hydrographic studies of little-known areas of the Pacific Ocean. Litke's journey was one of the most successful in Russian history circumnavigation of the world and was of great scientific importance. The exact coordinates of the main points of Kamchatka were determined, the islands were described - Caroline, Karaginsky, etc., the Chukotka coast from Cape Dezhnev to the mouth of the river. Anadyr. The discoveries were so important that Germany and France, arguing over the Caroline Islands, turned to Litke for advice on their location.
Pyotr Beketov (1600 - after 1661) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, explorer of Siberia.
One of the most exemplary “Russian conquistadors”, who honestly served his cause and did not get involved in any adventures, Beketov was the founder of several Russian cities.
Biography
Almost nothing is known about the early years of life of many prominent personalities of the 17th century; Pyotr Beketov is no exception in this sense. Information about him appears only in the 1620s, when he got a job as an archer in the government service.
After some time, in 1627, Beketov sent a petition to the tsar, in which he asked to be given the position of centurion in order to have at least some decent salary.
Vasily Poyarkov is one of the discoverers of Siberia. He made a huge contribution to the development of these lands.
In the 17th century, the Russian Empire dreamed of annexing Siberia to its lands. It was a huge and rich territory where many peoples lived.
To study and annex the Siberian lands they gathered special expeditions. One of them was headed by Vasily Poyarkov.
Years of life
Accurate information about the years of Vasily Poyarkov’s life has not been preserved. Only documentary sources that contain information about his activities have survived to this day. They date back to 1610-1667.
Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was an Arctic sailor and one of the pioneers of Siberia.
He explored unexplored territories, helping the Yenisei governor A. Oshanin.
Years of life
The exact years of Bugor's life are unknown, but historians believe that he was born around 1600 and died in 1668.
Biography of Bugor
Bugor did not have a noble origin. He was a Cossack foreman, participated in the construction of forts and the study of Siberia.
Mikhail Stadukhin is an explorer and polar navigator of the 17th century who explored North-Eastern Siberia, a man who was one of the first to visit the north of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the Kolyma, Gizhiga, Penzhina and Anadyr rivers.
The geographical discoveries of M. Stadukhin became a huge contribution to the discovery and study of the Russian coast of the Arctic and Pacific Ocean.
Years of life of Mikhail Stadukhin
Year of birth unknown, died in 1666.
Biography of Mikhail Stadukhin
It is not known for certain in what year Mikhail Stadukhin was born. Presumably, the Russian explorer was born into a family of Pomors in one of the villages on the Pinega River
The development of Siberia in the 17th century is often presented as the most important event in the history of modern Russia.
It is spoken of as the Russian analogue of the Great Geographical Discoveries of the European World and the conquest of the New World.
This is partly a fair comparison. In the context of the emergence of the all-Russian market and economic growth, the development of new trade routes is an important stage in the country’s development.
S.I. Chelyuskin is a sea traveler, researcher, participant in a long-term expedition who made serious geographical discoveries that were ignored during his lifetime.
Origin
Chelyuskin's ancestors (according to documents from the 17th century - the Chelyustkins) were at first quite successful people, held important positions, were well promoted, and were rich
But under Peter the Great, Semyon Ivanovich’s father fell into disgrace (he was among the rebellious Moscow archers) and until the end of his life his family vegetated in the wilderness of the village, barely making ends meet.
Accurate information about where and when S.I. Chelyuskin was born has not yet been discovered, approximately 1700.
Education
In 1714, the noble ignorant Semyon Chelyuskin was admitted to a Moscow school, where boys were taught exact sciences and navigation. Here the future researcher learned the wisdom of mathematics, geography, and astronomy.
He was a smart and diligent student. In 1721, having completed his studies, he was recommended for a certificate for navigating activities.
Yu. F. Lisyansky is an outstanding Russian navigator, who together traveled around the world.
Youth
Yu. Lisyansky was born in the Little Russian city of Nezhin in a simple family of a priest in 1773. Since childhood I dreamed of the sea, so I entered the Naval Cadet Corps and successfully graduated. Assigned to serve on the frigate "Podrazislav" as part of the squadron of Admiral S. K. Greig. He took part in the Hogland and several other naval battles in the war with the Swedes, served as a volunteer in the British fleet, took part in battles with the French on the shores of North America, and sailed on Antilles and to India.
Circumnavigation
Returning to his homeland, Lisyansky was appointed commander of the sloop "Neva". This ship set off on a round-the-world expedition under the leadership of I. F. Kruzenshtern, who commanded the second sloop Nadezhda. These two Russian ships left their homeland in mid-summer 1803 from Kronstadt. In November 1804, Yu. F. Lisyansky and I. F. Kruzenshtern were the first in history Russian fleet crossed the equator line. In February of the same year, both ships sailed around Cape Horn, entering Pacific waters. Here the ships separated.
Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is one of the largest Russian polar explorers. The future conqueror of the Arctic was born in the village of Pekarevo, located near, in 1700. In 1715, young Laptev entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, which three years later he successfully graduated and entered the navy as a midshipman. In 1726 he was promoted to midshipman. In 1734 he took part in the war against Stanislav Leszczynski, who had been proclaimed the Polish king a year earlier.
The frigate "Mitava", on which Laptev served, is captured during military operations by the French, who resorted to deception to achieve this. Upon returning to his homeland, Laptev, along with the rest of the Mitava officers, is sentenced to death penalty for surrendering the ship without a fight, but the crew is found not guilty in time. After this misunderstanding, Khariton Prokofievich returns to service. In 1737, he was promoted to lieutenant and appointed commander of a detachment in the Great Northern Expedition. The purpose of the trip was to explore the Arctic coast between the Lena and Yenisei; another great Russian polar explorer, Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, cousin of Khariton Prokofievich, also took part in it. In the early spring of 1738, members of the expedition arrived in Yakutsk.
Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a famous Russian traveler who, together with his cousin Khariton Prokofievich Laptev, became famous for their polar expeditions.
Born in 1701 into a family of small landed nobles in the village of Bolotovo. In 1715, together with his cousin, he began studying at the Maritime Academy in St. Petersburg. Upon completion of his studies in 1718, Laptev was promoted to midshipman on one of the ships of the Kronstadt squadron.
In 1721 he received the rank of midshipman, and in 1724 he became a non-commissioned lieutenant. From 1727 to 1729 he commanded the frigate "St. Jacob".
The biography of the great polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov is unusual and tragic. He was born in 1877 in a small Azov village; today this village bears the name of the great polar explorer. Georgy s early years experienced hard work. His father, a simple Azov fisherman, disappeared for several years. The boy had to work to feed his mother and eight brothers and sisters. He did not have time to learn to read and write, and until the age of 14 he could neither read nor write.
After his father returned home, in two years he graduated from parochial school and ran away from home. What the boy did in that life and how he made his way to his desired goal is little known. But at the age of 21, Georgy Sedov received a diploma as a navigator long-distance voyage. At the age of 24, after successfully passing the exam, he receives the rank of lieutenant.
His first hydrographic expedition was to the Arctic Ocean. Northern ice have been attracting the young sailor for a long time. He dreamed of conquering the North Pole and proving that a Russian man could do this.
It began, and the expedition to the North Pole had to be postponed. But the idea does not leave him. He writes articles in which he proves that the development of the Northern Sea Route is necessary. He worked on the Caspian Sea, on Kolyma, and explored Krestovaya Bay on Novaya Zemlya.
Left a reply Guest
The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Boris Vilkitsky,
The islands in the Kara Sea are named after polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin...
Among the seas named after famous geographers Barents and Bering, appeared on geographical maps the Laptev Sea, which did not exist on old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named in honor of the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea, and the Khariton Laptev coast was called the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula - from Pyasinsky Bay to Taimyr Bay.
Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:
village Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V. I. Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian Fleet),
Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P. A. Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M. P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
Makarov (Sakhalin region) - S. O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
village Poyarkova (Amur region) - V. D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
village Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N. M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
Khabarovsk, Erofey Pavlovich station (Amur region) - Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - G. I. Shelikhov - Russian traveler;
An island and a bay at the southeastern tip of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.
Geographical objects named in honor of A.I. Chirikov
cape in the Gulf of Anadyr, Russia;
cape in Tauyskaya Bay, Russia;
The nineteenth century was the time of the greatest geographical discoveries of Russian explorers. Continuing the traditions of its predecessors. — Explorers and passengers of the 17th-18th centuries. They enriched the Russians’ understanding of the world, which contributed to the development of new territories that were part of the empire.
For the first time, Russia achieved an old dream: its ships entered the world's oceans.
I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. F. Lisyansky. In 1803, an expedition to explore the northern part of the Pacific Ocean was carried out in the direction of Alexander I on the ships Nadezhda and Neva. This was the first Russian expedition, which lasted 3 years.
It was headed by Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, the greatest navigator and geographer of the 19th century. Century.
During the trip, more than a thousand kilometers of the coast of Sakhalin Island were shown for the first time. The trip participants had many interesting comments not only about the Far East, but also about other areas in which they sailed. The commander of the Neve, Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky, discovered one of the islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, named after him.
The expedition members collected a lot of data about the Aleutian Islands and Alaska, in the Pacific and Arctic oceans.
The results of the observations were presented in a report by the Academy of Sciences.
It turned out to be so difficult that I. F. Kruzenshtern was called an academician. His materials formed the basis of what was published in the early 20th century. "Atlas south seas" In 1845, Admiral Krusenstern became one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society. He even took on a galaxy of Russian explorers and explorers.
F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen became one of Krusenstern's students and followers.
He was a member of the first Russian expedition in the world.
In 1819-1821. Bellingshausen was appointed to lead a new global march on lifeboats ("single-masted ships") "Vostok" (who commanded) and "World" (commander Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev). The expedition plan was Kruzenshtern. Its main goal was said to be "the acquisition of the most complete knowledge of our world" and "the discovery of a possible vicinity of the Antarctic pole."
The expedition approached the shores of Antarctica, then unknown, which Bellingshausen called “ ice continent" After a stay in Australia, the Russian ships moved to the tropical Pacific Ocean, where they discovered a group of islands called the Russian Islands.
In 751 days sailing Russian sailors crossed about 50 thousand kilometers.
Significant geographical discoveries were made, they brought valuable collections, observed the waters of the World Ocean and the ice mass of a new continent for humanity.
A. A. Baranov and the development of Russian America.
Alexander Andreevich Baranov is hardly attributed to pioneers or passengers in the strict sense of these words. But this was a man who is an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian America by our compatriots. As a merchant in Kargopol, he traded in Eastern Siberia, and from 1790 he was in northwestern America.
In search of new hunting grounds, Baranov explored Kodiak Island and other areas in detail in search of mineral resources, founded a new Russian settlement and provided them with everything they needed to establish contact with the local residents.
It was for him that for the first time Russia actually fortified large Russian territories on the Pacific coast of North America.
Baran's activities were extremely complex and dangerous. Constant Indian raids cost the Russian settlers not only significant losses, but also their lives. It wasn't until 1802 that they attempted to establish a settlement on the island of Sitka, and more than 200 immigrants were killed.
Baran's efforts were so successful that they were in 1799
became the ruler of Russian-American society, and in 1803 he was appointed ruler of the Russian colonies in America. He held it high and dangerous place almost until death.
In 1804, Baranov founded the Novoarkhangelsk fortress on the island of Sitka, and then Fort Fort. In 1815 he made an expedition to the Hawaiian Islands with the intention of joining Russia. But this did not bring happiness. Being an elderly and sick man, Alexander Andreevich asked to resign three times.
However, such a person is in no hurry to be released from service. Only in 1818 was an agreement reached on his departure from America to his homeland. On the road, on the island of Java, Baranov died in 1819.
After his death, it turned out that after he increased the capital of the Russian-American company and expanded Russia's assets, he died as a beggar. Upon learning of his death, A.S. Pushkin wrote in his diary: “Baranov died. Sorry for being an honest citizen, an intelligent person..."
G.I. Nevelskaya and E.V. Putyatin.
The greatest explorer of the Russian Far East in the mid-19th century. became Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy.
In two expeditions (1848-1849 and 1850-1855), Sakhalin struck in the north, where he discovered many new, previously unknown territories and entered the lower stream of the Amur, succeeding. Here in 1850 he founded the Mikolainovsky post (Nikolaevsk-on-Amur). Nevelsky's journey was important: for the first time it became clear that Sakhalin was not connected to the mainland, the island and the Tartary Strait - the strait was not watered because it was counted.
Evtimius Vasilievich Putyatin in 1822-1825.
he traveled all over the world and left a descriptive account of what he saw. In 1852-1855. During the expedition that led him to the frigate Pallada, the Rimsky-Korsakov Islands were discovered. Putyatin became the first Russian who managed to visit the closed Europeans and the Japanese and even there to sign a contract (1855).
The result of the expedition of Nevelsky and Putyatin, in addition to strictly scientific ones, was the consolidation of the Primorsky Territory in the Far East for Russia.
The scientific information collected by Russian passengers was so great and important that the generalization of special institutions required their generalization and application.
The most important of these institutions was opened in 1845.
Russian Geographical Society. It became the center of geographical knowledge in Russia. Regular organization of scientific expeditions, conducting research on the population of Russia and neighboring countries, publication of geographical and statistical collections. In 1851, Caucasian and Siberian divisions of the Russian Geographical Society were created to develop economic and geographical research in Siberia, the Far East, the Caucasus, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Questions and tasks
Why only in the 19th century? Russian ships set off into the world's oceans and began to surround the world? 2. What goals and objectives were set for the participants of the first Russian expedition of a Russian passenger?
What were the results of this expedition? 3. What is the historical significance of the discovery of Russian Antarctic sailors? 4. What actions of A. A. Baranov led to the growth and strengthening of Russian property in North America?
5. What is the contribution of the geographical science of G.V. Nevelsky and E.V. Putyatin?
geographical features in Russia named after Russian passengers
6. What practical results have been discovered by Russian passengers?
documentation
From the memorandum of F.P. Litke on the creation of the Russian Geographical and Statistical Society. May 1, 1845
The main task of this company is to collect and distribute complete and reliable information about our country both in Russia and abroad:
As for the geographical, that is, with this, everything that belongs to the description of the land area, the physical characteristics of the state, the workings of nature, etc.
2. Regarding statistics, the understanding of this word is not just a selection of anonymous numbers, not just quantitative statistics, but also descriptive or qualitative,
that is. all the relative elements of social life.
3. Regarding ethnography. This is the bottom of the question, that is, the knowledge of the different tribes living in the current state limits the physical, moral, social and linguistic...
The second task of the Geographical Association is to disseminate in our homeland, as well as basic geographical information, taste and love for geography, statistics and ethnography.
From journalist midshipman P.
M. Novosilsky - participant of the first Antarctic expedition
We've come to solid ice, through which there were no openings to the south, so we had to turn first to the west and then to the north with a tense heart. The good weather soon ceased; she started snowing while on her knees, the fog was sometimes so thick that we couldn't see the reservoir from the feed while we were more frequent on the ice...
Then floating columns of light began to appear in the south; constantly disappears and reappears; Sometimes they were in the form of long diverging rays, sometimes a wavy ribbon of fire ran across the sky, sometimes a half-screaming flashing red light, in a word, we are present in all the glory of the magnificent, beautiful southern lights!
Questions for documents: 1.
What were the main goals of creating the Russian Geographical Society? 2. Why do you need an active study of the peoples of Russia? 3. How should he use geographical knowledge in educating the population? 4. What impressions did the round world participants bring to the eternal ice?
Expand your dictionary:
An expedition is a journey of a group of people for any purpose (scientific, military, educational).
Which geographical features named after Russian travelers
Answers:
The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin, the easternmost tip of Asia is Cape Dezhnev, the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Boris Vilkitsky, the islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin... Among the seas, named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on old, pre-revolutionary maps.
It was named in honor of the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea is also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula is named after the Khariton Laptev coast - from Pyasinsky Bay to Taimyr Bay. Cities and towns named after domestic travelers: village.
Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V. I. Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian Fleet), city of Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P. A. Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist), city of Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M. P. Lazarev (Russian traveler), Makarov (Sakhalin region) - S. O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer), village.
Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer), village. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N. M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler), city.
Khabarovsk, Erofey Pavlovich station (Amur region) - Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer), Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - G.I.
14 places named after great travelers
Shelikhov - Russian traveler; An island and a bay at the southeastern tip of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov. Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov Cape in the Gulf of Anadyr, Russia; cape in Tauyskaya Bay, Russia;
Table "Russian passengers and pioneers" (pioneers)
Who: Semyon Dezhnev, Cossack chieftain, trader, fur seller.
When: 1648
What he found: First she crossed the Bering Strait, which separates Europe from North America. Therefore, I realized that Eurasia and North America are two different continents, and they are not closed.
Who: Thaddeus Bellingshausen, Russian admiral, navigator.
When: 1820th
What he found: Antarctica with Mikhail Lazarev on the frigates Vostok and Mirny. He commanded the Vostok. Before the expedition of Lazarev and Bellingshaus, nothing was known about the existence of this continent.
The expedition of Bellingshausen and Lazarev finally exploded the myth of the existence of a mythical "southern continent", which was misused in all medieval maps of Europe.
Navigators, including the famous Captain James Cook, spent more than three hundred and fifty years searching for the "Southern Continent" in Indian Ocean, and of course they found nothing.
Who: Kamchatsky Ivan, shark and saber hunter.
When: 1650 years.
What he found: Kamchatka is named after him.
What geographical objects do we call Czech passengers?
Who: Semyon Chelyuskin, polar explorer, Russian navy officer
When: 1742
What he found: The northernmost cape of Eurasia, named after Cape Chelyuskin.
Who: Ermak Timofeevich, Cossack chieftain in the service of the Russian emperor. Ermakov's last name is unknown. Maybe Tokmak.
When: 1581-1585
What he found: conquered and explored Siberia for the Russian state.
To this end, a successful armed battle began with Tatar huts in Siberia.
Ivan Kruzenshtern, member of the Russian Navy, admiral
When: 1803-1806.
What he found: He made a round-the-world tour with Yuri Lisyansky on the Nadezhda and Neva layers. Team "Nadezhda"
Who: Yuri Lisyansky, Russian navy officer, captain
When: 1803-1806.
What he found: With the wings "Nadezhda" and "Neva" he traveled around the world with Ivan Krusenstern. He made Nevi.
Who: Petr Semenov-Tien-Shansky
When: 1856-57
What he found: The first European to study the Tien Shan mountains. Later he studied a number of areas in Central Asia. To explore mountain system and her services for science, he received the honorary name of Tien Shan from the authorities Russian Empire, which he had the right to transmit and inherit.
Who: Vitus Bering
When: 1727-29
What he found: The second (after Samon Dezhnev) and first researcher reached North America, which crossed the Bering Strait and thereby confirmed its existence. It is confirmed that North America and Eurasia are two different continents.
Who: Khabarov Erofey, Kazak, Furman
When: 1649-53
What he found: took possession of the Russian part of Siberia and the Far East, studied the land near the Amur River.
Who: Mikhail Lazarev, Russian naval officer.
When: 1820
What he found: Antarctica with Thaddeus Bellingshausen on the frigates Vostok and Mirny. He did Peaceful. Before the expedition of Lazarev and Bellingshaus, nothing was known about the existence of this continent.
The Russian expedition also finally began the myth of the existence of a mythical "southern continent" that was drawn from medieval European maps that had not been searched for by sailors for four years.
Great travelers, navigators and discoverers
Great travelers, navigators, discoverers and their discoveries are forever recorded in the milestones of history. People are both frightened and attracted by the unknown, especially when it comes to our planet.
The Middle Ages, when very little was known about the Earth, were marked by a number of fantastic discoveries made by brave sailors from different countries Europe.
Any cultured person for whom history is not an empty phrase can easily name the names of such great travelers as James Cook, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama and many others.
They all lived in a time when travel was full of danger, uncertainty and often reckless adventurism.
Ships, guided only by the wind and the oars of the oarsmen, plowed the oceans in the hope of landing on an as yet uncharted land.
Imagine that a trip around the world, made on ships under the leadership of Magellan, lasted three years.
Of the five ships, only one returned to Spain; out of two hundred and eighty people, forty survived, and the great navigator was not one of them.
Discoverers who came from distant countries often surprised people with their amazing discoveries and stories about unusual phenomena that they encountered.
For example, Francisco de Orellana, who became famous for being the first to swim the entire Amazon, claimed that he met a warlike tribe of Amazons on the banks of the river - in fact, this is where the name of the Amazon itself came from. long river in the world.
Walter Raleigh, an English navigator who visited North America, talked about the ugly people who inhabited the New World.
Allegedly they had no heads, and their eyes and mouth were located directly on the body. In addition, according to him, his expedition saw the Golden Eldorado.
After Bellingshausen and Lazarev, the discoverers of Antarctica, put the last continent on the world map in 1820, the time of great discoveries passed. Now travel lovers could only walk unbeaten paths through known lands and plow the seas, which have long had their own names.
Nevertheless, even in the twentieth century there were great navigators whose discoveries stun the imagination.
Consider Thor Heyerdahl alone, who crossed the Pacific Ocean with his team on a raft made of beams.
Now for those who like to test their strength and look for adventures on their own, there are no barriers. They raft down rivers, cross mountains and deserts, and travel around the world no longer to map a new territory—these travelers will no longer become discoverers. They challenge nature without suffering at all from the lack of connection with civilization and its benefits.
The era of space travel began with the first manned flight into space.
The vast expanses of the Universe call on their heroes to make new discoveries. Several astronauts have already visited the Moon, and landing on Mars is just around the corner.
Perhaps soon science fiction novels about distant planets and extraterrestrial civilizations will become a reality, and new great travelers and their discoveries will be recorded in history books.
Great navigators, rock climbers, pioneers and explorers of lands where no man had gone before - world-famous travelers whose names are immortalized in geographical names objects they touched first. From RuTraveller - an interesting selection of such places.
Mount Cook, also known as Aoraki, is located in the western part south island New Zealand. This mountain in the New Zealand Southern Alps is highest point country, its height is 3754 meters.
Named after James Cook, the mountain is covered in snow and glaciers and is shaped like a saddle with steep sides.
In October 1953, the Mount Cook area became a National Park, comprising several reserves aimed at protecting rare native vegetation and preserving the unique landscape.
Among the fauna representatives in the park you can meet kea birds - the only alpine parrot, wagtails and pipits.
The Laptev Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. Located between the northern coast of Siberia in the south, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya islands in the west and the New Siberian Islands in the east.
The sea is named after Russian polar explorers - cousins Dmitry and Khariton Laptev. In the past it was known by different names, the most recent being the Nordenskiöld Sea. The sea has a harsh climate with temperatures below 0°C for more than nine months of the year, low salinity, sparse flora and fauna, and low population along the coast. Most of the time, with the exception of August and September, it is under ice.
For thousands of years, the sea coast was inhabited by the indigenous tribes of the Yukaghirs, and later the Evens and Evenks, who were engaged in fishing, hunting and nomadic reindeer herding. Then the shores were inhabited by Yakuts and Russians. The development of the territory by Russian explorers began in the 17th century from the south, along the beds of rivers flowing into the sea.
There are several dozen islands in the Laptev Sea, many of which contain well-preserved remains of mammoths. The main human activities in this area are mining and navigation along the Northern Sea Route; Fishing and hunting are practiced but have no commercial importance. The largest village and port is Tiksi.
The Bering Strait is a strait between the Arctic and Pacific oceans that separates Asia (the easternmost continental point is Cape Dezhnev in Russian Chukotka) and North America (the westernmost continental point is Cape Prince of Wales in American Alaska).
The smallest width is 86 km, the smallest depth of the fairway is 36 m. The strait connects the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) with the Bering Sea (Pacific Ocean). Named in honor of the Russian navigator Vitus Bering (born in Denmark), who passed through this strait in 1728. However, the first of famous navigators in 1648, 80 years before Bering, Semyon Dezhnev passed through the strait from north to south (from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean), after whom the cape in Chukotka (the easternmost point of Asia) is named.
In the middle of the Bering Strait lie the Diomede Islands: Ratmanov Island, larger and located to the west, and Kruzenshtern Island. According to the agreement on the sale of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (1867), the border between Russia and the United States runs in the middle between the islands. Thus, Ratmanov Island belongs to Russia, and Kruzenshtern Island belongs to the USA. The distance between the islands is just over 4 km. The border of time zones and the international date line also pass there.
Periodically, starting from late XIX century and to this day, at the level of specialists, and sometimes even governments (mainly Russia and the USA), the feasibility and possibilities of building a tunnel or bridge across the Bering Strait to connect Chukotka with Alaska are discussed, but for various reasons, both technical and economic in nature None of the ideas have yet been brought to fruition.
Cape Dezhnev is the easternmost point of the Chukotka Peninsula of mainland Russia and Eurasia. Is an insulated flat top mountain range up to 740 m high, steeply falling to the sea. It is located in the Bering Strait, connecting the Arctic Ocean (Chukchi Sea) with the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea).
It was first reached by the Russian expedition of Semyon Dezhnev in the fall of 1648. On the shore of the Great Chukotka Nose, which was later named Cape Dezhnev, the travelers made a stop, during which they visited the Eskimos on the islands of the strait. For the first time in history, having passed the Bering Strait (in fact, opening it) and rounded the Chukotka Peninsula, Dezhnev solved an important geographical problem. Evidence has emerged that America is an independent continent, and from Europe to China it is possible to sail the northern seas around Siberia. However, due to the lack of information about this discovery in European countries(the materials of Dezhnev’s campaigns remained in the Yakutsk fortress) the priority of the discoverer went to V.I. Bering, whose name the strait began to be called. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the cape was referred to as the Chukotka Nose, the Necessary Nose. In 1778, the English navigator James Cook put this cape on the map under the name Eastern Cape.
In 1879, the Swedish polar explorer Nordnesjöld first sailed the northeast passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and also rounded this cape. He proposed to name it after the discoverer - Cape Dezhnev. On the eve of the 250th anniversary of the discovery of the cape, this proposal was accepted and, at the request of the Russian Geographical Society, Cape Vostochny in 1898 was renamed Cape Dezhnev.
Located on Cape Dezhnev locality Uelen, as well as the abandoned sea whaler village of Naukan, which was disbanded in 1958 as part of a campaign to enlarge and move settlements away from the American border. Before the eviction, about four hundred people lived in Naukan, there were thirteen clans. Currently, individual Eskimo families from Naukan live in the Chukotka villages of Uelen, Lavrentia and Lorino, as well as in the Eskimo villages of New Chaplino, Sireniki and Uelkal.
The Strait of Magellan is a strait that separates the continental South America and archipelago Tierra del Fuego, narrow and in some places very dangerous for navigation. The length of the strait is 575 km, the smallest depth on the fairway is 20 m. It was first crossed by Magellan in 1520 during his trip around the world. Tierra del Fuego has long been considered northern part Unknown Southern Land.
On October 21, 1520, on the day of the “Eleven Thousand Virgins” - Saint Ursula, at approximately the 52nd parallel of southern latitude, Magellan discovered a cape, which he named “Cabo Virgenes” in honor of this holiday. On November 1, All Saints' Day, a strong storm brought Magellan's ships into the bay, further navigation through which led to the strait, through which the expedition ended up in the Pacific Ocean. Magellan gave the strait the Portuguese name for the festival of All Saints - Estreito de todos os Santos, but later the Spanish king changed it, giving the Spanish name in honor of Ferdinand Magellan - Estrecho de Magallanes. From the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, the strait was passed by Magellan from October 21 to November 28, 1520.
Cape Chelyuskin is the most northern point Taimyr Peninsula and mainland Eurasia. Reached for the first time by the participant of the 2nd Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, navigator Semyon Chelyuskin, together with the Cossacks Fofanov and Gorokhov in 1742. For the 100th anniversary of the expedition, the cape was renamed by the Russian Geographical Society from Cape East-Northern to Cape Chelyuskin.
In 1878, Cape Chelyuskin was visited by the Swedish Arctic explorer Nordenskiöld, and in 1893, the Norwegian explorer Nansen was the first to circumnavigate it. In 1932, an expedition of the Arctic Institute under the leadership of Rudolf Samoilovich built a polar station on the icebreaker Semyon Dezhnev at Cape Chelyuskin. The second wintering was headed by I.D. Papanin, expanding the station to an observatory.
Currently, the station is called a radio meteorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions were built. Some buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, “Cape Chelyuskin,” is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. All that remains of the airfield is a helipad, maintained by the military.
The climate of Cape Chelyuskin is arctic and very harsh. average temperature July and August (the warmest months) are -0.1 and -0.9C, and the average minimum is always below zero.
The Chichagov Islands are a group consisting of two uninhabited islands. It is located in the Primorsky district Arkhangelsk region Russia and is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Washed by the Barents Sea. Named in honor of Pavel Chichagov, Arctic explorer and son of Admiral Vasily Chichagov.
The group occupies northern part Franz Josef Land. It is located two kilometers from Cape Feldera, which is the western end of Charles Alexander Island, and five kilometers from the Pontremoli island group.
The shape of the southern island is elongated, its length is approximately 700 meters. Length north island- approximately 400 meters. All territories are ice-free; there are no high elevations. The islands are covered with rocky areas.
The Drake Passage is a strait that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, washing the islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the north, and the South Shetland Islands, which belong to Antarctica, in the south.
It is the widest strait on Earth: the width of its narrowest part is more than 800 km. The strongest “Western Wind Current” passes through the strait. Due to this, very strong storms are common in the waters of the strait: wind speeds reach 40 m/s, and wave heights up to 15 m. Drifting ice is found in the waters of the strait.
The strait contains the southernmost point of the South American continent and the American continent - the Diego Ramirez Islands, as well as the legendary Cape Horn. The strait got its name in honor of the navigator and pirate, the Englishman F. Drake, who passed here in 1578.
Today, the city is one of the most important tourist centers countries. Having experienced decline due to the closure of many textile industry enterprises, today the city is being revived thanks to the influx of numerous tourists. Attracts travelers from all over the world national park Mosi-ao-Tunya and Victoria Falls. In addition, the city has several museums, of which the Railway Museum is of particular interest. The city has a developed tourism infrastructure: shops, hotels, entertainment centers. Many local tour operators offer activities related to active recreation: elephant safari, river cruises, ATV riding, rafting, kayaking, mountaineering.
1. Cape Litke – located on the northwestern coast of the island New Earth. Named in 1913 by members of the expedition of G. Ya. Sedov in honor of F. P. Litke.
Litke Strait– located in the south-western part Bering Sea in Karaginsky Bay between the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Karaginsky Island.
Litke Fedor Petrovich (1797-1882)- admiral, circumnavigator, one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian Geographical Society and its first leader, president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, researcher of Novaya Zemlya, Polynesia, and the northern shores of the Pacific Ocean. Litke's name appears on the map in 17 places. In 1872, the Litke Gold Medal was established, awarded for outstanding work in the field of geography.
2. Borzov Bay – located in the Barents Sea near the north- west coast northern island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, protrudes into the land between the Litke and Pankratiev straits. Surveyed in 913 by G. Ya. Sedov. He also named it the Gulf of Tsarevich Alexei. In 1946, it was renamed by the Aerogeodetic Administration expedition in honor of A. A. Borzov. A volcano in the Kuril Islands, glaciers in Eastern Siberia, the Subpolar Urals, and Novaya Zemlya are named in his honor.
Borzov Alexander Alexandrovich (1874-1939)- a prominent geographer and higher education teacher, student of D. N. Anuchin, his successor and head of the Moscow School of Geographers, one of the organizers of the geographical departments at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (MPGU), head of the geography department at MIIGAiK, editor of the famous journal "Earth Science" .
3. Pakhtusov Island – the main island in the group islands of the same name located in the Kara Sea near east coast Archipelago Novaya Zemlya. With an area of about 21 sq. km, rocky, uneven surface with steeply plunging banks up to 50 m. It was discovered in 1835 by members of the expedition on the schooner “Krotov” and named in 1934 in honor of P.K. Pakhtusov. Banks in the Kara and Barents seas, a mountain on Spitsbergen, a nunatak in Antarctica, a strait near Novaya Zemlya and islands in the Kara and Japanese seas are named after him.
Pakhtusov Petr Kuzmich (1800-1835)– second lieutenant of the corps of naval navigators, researcher of the Barents, Kara Seas and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Participated in hydrographic expeditions that carried out an inventory of the Barents Sea.
4. Ovtsyn Strait - separates the Oleniy and Sibiryakova islands, opens the passage to the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea, Named in 1895 by A.I. Velkitsky after D.L. Ovtsyn.
Ovtsyn Dmitry Leontyevich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, participant of the great Northern Expedition, who described the shores of the Kara Sea. A cape on the Yamal Peninsula and a nunatak in Antarctica bear his name.
5. Sibiryakova Island – located in the Kara Sea, in the Yenisei Gulf. Named in 1876 by A.E. Nordskiöld in honor of his friend A.M. Sibiryakov.
Sibiryakov Alexander Mikhailovich (1849-1933)– Russian entrepreneur, initiator of the development of the Great Northern Route, organizer of many expeditions. The ship "Sibiryakov", famous for its drift in the Arctic Ocean and died in an unequal battle with the German cruiser "Admiral Shir" on August 25, 1942, was named in his honor. A bank in the Barents Sea and an irrigation system in the Kara Sea were named in honor of the Siberians.
6. Ushakov Island – located in the northern part of the Kara Sea. Discovered in 1935 by the GUSMP expedition on the icebreaking steamer Sadko. At the same time, at the suggestion of N.N. Zubov, a later prominent polar explorer, he was named after the surname of the expedition leader G.A. Ushakov.
Ushakov Georgy Alekseevich (1901-1963)- famous polar explorer. Participant of V.K. Arsenyev’s expeditions in the Ussuri taiga, during the years civil war ruled the islands of Wrangel and Herold. In the 1930s, he participated in mapping the coast of Severnaya Zemlya, which was begun by the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean in 1910-1915. Two capes and mountains in Antarctica are also named after him.
7. Schmidt Island – is located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. Discovered in 1930 by an expedition on the icebreaking steamship Georgy Sedov under the leadership of O. Yu. Schmidt. Then he was named after the name of the leader.
Cape Schmidt– located on the northern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, at the eastern entrance to the Long Strait.
Schmidt Otto Yulievich (1891-1956)- Soviet mathematician, Arctic researcher, academician. Leader of several polar expeditions aimed at opening the Northern Sea Route and exploring the Central Arctic. In 1929-1930 he led an expedition on the Georgiy Sedov, in 1932 on the Sibiryakov, and in 1933-1934 on the Chelyuskin. Prepared and organized research at the SP-1 station with I.D. Papanin.
8. Cape Berg – is located on the northeastern coast of the island of the October Revolution of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
Volcano Berga– is located on the island of Urup in the Kuril Islands group. Berg's name was given to a peak and glacier in the Pamirs, a cape on Severnaya Zemlya, and a glacier in the Dzungarian Alatau. Berg's name was also included in the Latin names of more than 60 animals and plants.
Berg Lev Semenovich (1876-1950)– the largest geographer-country specialist, biologist, limnologist, climatologist, historian - geographer. It is difficult to name any of the geographical disciplines whose most important issues would not have received deep and original development in his works. Berg is one of the organizers of the Faculty of Geography of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) University. Since 1940 - President of the Geographical Society of the USSR.
9. Shokalsky Strait – is located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. In 1931, the Ushakov-Urvantsev expedition established that this is a strait, beyond which the name given by the discoverers named Yu. M. Shokalsky was left.
Shokalsky Island– the first is located in the Kara Sea near the Gulf of Ob. Discovered in 1874 by the English captain D. Wiggins, he named it Cherny Island. In 1922, members of the Kom expedition sailed the sea route on the schooner Agnessa and named it in honor of the ship Agnessa. In 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee named him after Yu. M. Shokalsky. The second island is located in the Barents Sea, surveyed in 1902 by a hydrographic expedition on the steamship Pakhtusov.
Shokalsky Yuri Mikhailovich (1856-1940)- an outstanding geographer, oceanographer and cartographer, president of the Geographical Society, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, professor at the Naval Academy and Leningrad University. He created the most famous oceanographic school with more than 2,000 students. Over 60 years of scientific work, he created many works, among which his “Oceanography” (1974) gained world fame. The textbook “Physical Geography” (1930) is well known. More than a dozen geographical objects are named in his honor: two islands, a strait, a current, a ridge, a cape, a bank, a glacier and an underwater ridge, as well as an oceanographic vessel.
10. Vilkitsky Strait – connects the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. Separates the Taimyr Peninsula and Bolshevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. Named in 1914.
Vilkitsky Boris Andreevich (1885-1961) –Russian naval officer, Arctic explorer. He led a geographical expedition on the icebreakers "Taimyr" and "Vaigach". The strait between Cape Chelyuskin and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is named after him.
11. Cape Chelyuskin – the extreme northern tip of Asia, located on the Taimyr Peninsula, jutting into the Kara Sea. The Vilkitsky Strait was discovered and mapped in 1742 by midshipman Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin (Chelyustkin). At the suggestion of A.F. Meddendorf in 1843, the cape was named in honor of the discoverer. Islands in the Taimyr Bay and the Kara Sea, a peninsula on Taimyr, as well as the legendary steamship Chelyuskin, which sank in the ice, also bear his name. A peninsula in Antarctica and a mountain on Sakhalin Island are also named in honor of the heroic Chelyuskinites.
Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian naval officer, participant of the Great Northern Expedition. He surveyed the western coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, and on August 1, 1742, he was able to map the northern tip of Asia - the historical Promontorium Tobin, which later became known as Cape Chelyuskin.
12. Laptev Sea – marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, limited from the west eastern shores the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the Taimyr Peninsula, from the east - the meridian of 139° east longitude from the edge of the continental shelf to the northern tip of Kotelny Island, the western Lyakhovsky Islands.
Shore of Khariton Laptev- a narrow coastal strip along the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula between the Pyasina and Taimyr rivers.
Dmitry Laptev Strait– connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. Separates Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island from north coast Asia.
Laptevs, Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich (XVIII century) –cousins. Participants of the Great Northern Expedition, who explored the Siberian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the sea in the north of our country is named after them. The strait between the mainland and Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island, a cape in the Lena River delta and a cape at the mouth of the Kolyma River are named in honor of Dmitry Laptev. The coast between the mouths of the Pyasina and Nizhnyaya Pyasina rivers and two capes are named in honor of Khariton Laptev.
13. Sannikov Strait – connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, separates the Lyakhov Islands and the island of Anjou. Opened in 1773 by the Yakut industrialist I. Lyakhov. In 1902, he was named a participant in the RPE 1900-1903 by F. A. Matisen, after the name of the expedition doctor, Viktor Nikolaevich, by the Katina-Yartsev Strait. Apparently in 1909, K. A. Vollosovich named it in honor of one of the first explorers of the New Siberian Islands, Yakov Sannikov Strait. In 1935 this name was legalized.
Sannikov Yakov (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, Yakut merchant, was engaged in fishing on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Described the islands of Stolbovoy and Faddeevsky. Participating in the expedition of M. M. Gedeshtrom in 1810-1811 he saw land to the north of the island, which was called Sannikov Land. Subsequently, many expeditions were sent to search for this Earth, but it was not discovered. A river on the New Siberian Islands, which received this name in 1811, is also named after him.
14. City of Bilibino - an urban-type settlement in Chukotka.
Bilibin Yuri Alexandrovich (1901-1952)– Russian geologist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Participant in the discovery of gold-bearing areas in the northeast of Russia. A nuclear power plant in Chukotka is also named after him.
15. Bering Strait – connects the Pacific and Arctic oceans, separates the Chukotka Peninsula on the Eurasian continent and the Alaska Peninsula in North America.
Bering Island– is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean as part of the Commander Islands east of Kamchatka.
Bering Sea– located in the North Pacific Ocean off the coast northeast coast Asia and northwestern North America.
Bering Vitus (1703-1741)- Danish naval officer in Russian service, explorer of Asia, one of the leaders of the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743), discovered the coast of Alaska. He died on the island that was later named after him.
16. Shelikhov Bay(Penzhinsky)– northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.
Shelikhov city– since 1962, a city in the Irkutsk region, railroad station. About a dozen objects are named after him, in particular islands off the coast of North America, a strait there, a cape, a lake, a mountain, a bank.
Shelikhov Georgy Ivanovich (1747-1795)- Russian merchant, founder of the first Russian settlements in the so-called Russian America. Conducted significant geographical research. On the basis of the Shelikhov settlement, the Russian-American Company was formed in 1799. For his tireless work, he was called the Russian Columbus.
17. Nagaeva Bay – in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, in Tauyskaya Bay off the western coast of the Staritsky Peninsula.
Nagaev Alexey Ivanovich (1704-1781)- admiral, navigator, cartographer, hydrographer, explorer of the Caspian and Baltic seas. He made an inventory of the Caspian Sea, and then Gulf of Finland. Compiled maps of Vitus Bering's voyage, compiled and corrected maps of the Baltic Sea used by sailors Baltic Fleet for 60 years. Commanded the port in Kronstadt. He collected materials on the history of the Russian fleet, used in the 19th century by V. Berkh. Based on the materials of the expedition of the second half of the 18th century, he compiled a general map of the Caspian Sea, published after his death in 1796.
18. Atlasov Island – located in the Sea of Okhotsk, northern in the Kuril Islands group.
Atlasov (Otlasov) Vladimir Vasilievich (Timofeevich) (about 1652-1711)- Russian explorer, first explorer of Kamchatka. The Atlasovka River on Sakhalin Island, which flows into Aniva Bay in the Sea of Okhotsk, also bears his name.
19. Cape Przhevalsky – is located on the southern Kuril island of Iturup in the Sea of Okhotsk. Przhevalsky's name was given to the city near which he died at the beginning of his last journey, and to a number of other geographical objects.
Przhevalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich (1839-1888)- an outstanding traveler and explorer of Central Asia. He photographed more than 30 thousand km of the path he traveled, astronomically determined hundreds of altitudes, collected a wealth of material about the relief, climate, flora and fauna of Mongolia, Northern and Western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Ussuri region. Based on the materials of his five travels, detailed scientific reports were published, written in excellent literary language, which served as a model for subsequent expeditionary studies of Russian travelers.
20. Cape Dokuchaev – is located on one of the southern Kuril Islands, Kunashir, near the Nemuro Strait in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. His name was given to the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences, and on the map the cape and the main watershed ridge on Kunashir Island in the Kuril Archipelago are named after him.
Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilievich (1846-1903)- great Russian scientist, naturalist geographer, soil scientist, geologist and mineralogist. He founded modern scientific soil science and completed the creation of the doctrine of latitudinal and altitudinal natural zones.
21. Kropotkin Ridge – located on the Olekminsko-Vitim plateau. Height up to 1647 m – Korolenko char. It is composed of crystalline rocks, granites. Discovered by geologist A. A. Voznesensky, explorer of East Asia.
City of Kropotkin- is in Krasnodar region, arose as the Romanovsky farm. Named in honor of V. A. Kropotkin.
Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich (1842-1921)– geographer and geomorphologist, one of the founders of paleogeography of the Quaternary period, creator of the doctrine of ancient continental glaciation, researcher of Siberia and the Amur region, author of numerous articles on the geography of Russia. At the same time, an outstanding social and political figure, revolutionary theorist of anarchism.
