Small islands lost in pacific ocean, become the object of study of numerous tourists. Indistinct dots marked on the world map, two large islands - Savaii and Upolu, and eight small ones - about. Nuusafee, oh. Manono, oh Apolima, oh Nuulopa, oh Nuutele, oh. Nuulua, oh Namua, oh. Fanuatapu - represent Island state Samoa is in the western part of the archipelago of the same name.
The eastern islands of the archipelago are an unincorporated territory of the United States. The country is called American Samoa. The state consists of seven territories - about. Tau, oh Ofu, oh Olosega, oh. Tutuila, oh. Aunuu, Swains Island and Rose Atoll. The group of islands of the archipelago is part of Oceania - the region of Polynesia.
History of the discovery of Samoa
The first mention of the islands of Polynesia is recorded in the ship's log of the Portuguese navigator Fernando Magellan. January 24, 1521, during the first world travel, the expedition reached the island of Tuamotu, but could not land on it.
The next territories discovered in Polynesia were the Marquesas Islands (1595 by A. Mendanya), Fr. Tonga (1616, J. Lemaire), the state of New Zealand (1642, Tasman). And finally, in 1722, Jacob Roggeveen discovered some of the island territories of the Samoa archipelago. In the period from 1797 to 1899, Polynesia, including the Samoa archipelago, was visited by preachers of the Christian and Catholic religions, and there were serious conflicts between European states for the right to make the islands of Samoa a colony. Everyone wanted to own a piece of tropical paradise.
From 1900 to 1959, the island territories of Samoa were divided into western and eastern parts. The first belonged to Germany, and the second was divided between the United States and England. And only in 1959, the western colonies gained independence and became the independent state of Samoa.
During the history of Oceania, the island of Samoa is the largest in terms of area and number of inhabitants. Where is and what is this mysterious place?
Geography of Samoa
Oceania is a group of islands and atolls that stretch from the very center of the Pacific Ocean in a westerly direction. Conventionally, the boundaries lie between the subtropical latitudes of the Northern and temperate Southern hemispheres. Oceania is conditionally divided into three regions - Micronesia (northwest direction), Melanesia (western part), and Polynesia (eastern region).
The sub-region of Polynesia is the largest region in Oceania, with over a thousand islands and atolls. Geographical coordinates Polynesia lies in the square between 23 degrees 30 minutes north latitude - 28 degrees south latitude and 176 degrees east longitude - 109 degrees 20 minutes west longitude. And in the very center of the Polynesian triangle is Samoa.
The Samoa archipelago stretches over 600 kilometers in the Pacific eastbound. All territories of Samoa are of volcanic origin, as evidenced by the relief of the islands. Numerous peaks-volcanoes, boulders of rock, mountain gorges, and hot springs ... This can be found in any corner of the islands of the archipelago.
Volcanic mountains and craters are an integral part of every island in Samoa, most of which are uninhabited. The coast is characterized by flat terrain. Despite the presence of harbors and bays, the approach to the islands is hampered by barriers of coral reefs.
Savai is the largest island not only in the archipelago, but throughout Polynesia. Its height above sea level is 1858 meters. This place is a dormant volcano that last erupted a little over a hundred years ago. Due to recurring earthquakes, the inhabitants of the island avoid visiting central part localities, preferring to live in small settlements and villages along the coast.
Upolu Island is slightly smaller in area. Here is the capital and the only city of the independent state of Samoa. The only port of the entire archipelago is also located here and attractions are concentrated for the sake of which tourists seek to get to this corner of the Earth.
The islands of Manono and Apolima are the smallest in terms of population of the territory of the NHS, the number of inhabitants of the first does not exceed a thousand, and the second - over a hundred people.
The remaining five island territories of the country - about. Nuulopa, oh Nuutele, oh. Nuulua, oh Namua, oh. Fanuatapu, Nuusafee are uninhabited. The capital of American Samoa, Pago Pago, is located on the island of Tutuila. Among all the territories of the United States, this island is the most densely populated. On the territory of Tau, Ofu, Olosega, Aunuu, Swains, the number of inhabitants varies from several tens to several hundred people, and Rose Atoll is uninhabited.
Natural and climatic conditions
Despite the fact that the territory of the Samoa archipelago is divided into two countries, the climatic conditions are the same. The tropical maritime climate does not allow the air temperature to drop below 24 degrees above zero Celsius all year round.
The tourist season in Samoa is the period from April to the end of November. During this period, Samoa is tropical paradise: soft sun, humid air, warm air and water temperature, blue sky. From anywhere on the islands, you can admire the outlines of mountain slopes covered with humid jungle. The forests are cut by silvery stripes of mountain rivulets and streams that cascade down the slopes and rush towards the coast. Fertile fields, coconut groves… What kind of person can resist heaven on Earth?
The rainy season is from December to April. Drops out at this time a large number of precipitation, trade winds blow and the risk of tropical cyclones and hurricanes is not excluded. In November, the tourist season is on the decline.
Flora and fauna
The geographical isolation of the Samoan archipelago has resulted in a large number of endemics among native plants and animals. Half of the territory of the archipelago is occupied by the jungle. The coastal part of the islands is densely overgrown with mangrove trees, coconut palms, and various shrubs. Flora is represented by six hundred various kinds, among which: ferns, liana plants, papaya, etc.
Bats, lizards predominate among animals, there are about 53 species of birds (honeybees, pigeons, parrots), including 16 endemics, snakes, turtles. Insects include centipedes, scorpions, spiders, caddis flies, and butterflies. Dolphins, numerous species of exotic fish, crabs, octopuses, conger eels and snakes live along the coast. Outside the coral reef, you can meet sharks, tuna, mullet, mackerel, swordfish and other representatives of the water area.
Coral gardens stretch for miles along the coast of Samoa. Coral reefs have been chosen by lovers of fishing and diving: fabulous underwater gardens created by polyps are painted in all colors of the rainbow. Among the reef-forming corals, you can find giant branches of the umbrella-shaped milky-white madrepore, tangles of tubipore, terraces of turbinaria.
Attractions of the archipelago
The western islands of the archipelago (the territory of the independent state of Samoa) are one of the most beautiful places on the planet. The original nature with its endemics deserve attention in itself: volcanoes, mountainous terrain, jungles, beaches untouched by civilization. What to see in this country?
Upolu
The capital of the country is called Apia. It is located on the island of Upolu. Local architecture is perfectly preserved from colonial times. The city contains buildings such as Mulinuu, the Catholic Church, the English Christian Church with stained glass windows and other churches that have remained from the period of colonization and missionary activity of Europeans.
In Apia there is a memorial complex in memory of the victims of World War II, a local flea market where you can find everything from household goods to souvenirs.
Robert Lewis Stevenson Museum. The villa is considered a national monument and is located 4 kilometers from the capital.
Robert Lewis Stevenson Museum.
Numerous tourist beaches, the best of which are Matareva, Salamuma and Aganoa, are located south of the capital.
The city also has National Museum, which contains exhibits with more than 1000 years of history. The country has experienced many upheavals, especially during the period of colonization. Therefore, residents are sensitive to their culture and carefully store all the things that tell about the formation of the state.
On east coast Upolu is located in the district of Atua, whose main attraction is the beach. Along the coast there are coral lagoons, and in the forests there are numerous cascading waterfalls and lakes.
Savai
To the west of about. Upolu is located on. Savai. The original nature, which has been preserved in its original form, and unique in beauty caves over a hundred meters deep, cascading waterfalls, as well as the Tafua volcano located in the center of the island, attract lovers of wildlife.
Islands
Exotic species of fish live on the coast of Manono Island. And also on the territory of the island there are historical monuments of Polynesian culture - a mound of a star (found on every island) and a "Grave of 99 stones", which, according to archaeologists, belong to the 9th-11th centuries AD.
Aleipata Island is a protected area, on the coast of which you can admire the nesting of seabirds.
There are not so many attractions on the territory of American Samoa, but there is also something to see.
Harbor of Pago Pago.
Harbor of Pago Pago. The capital of Pago Pago has the deepest natural harbor in Samoa, and the color of the local architecture attracts many tourists. Along the coast of the harbor there are numerous villages where locals live in traditional crafts and are happy to show their skills to tourists.
North of Pago Pago is the National Park of American Samoa, which has over 10 km of hiking trails. The heart of the reserve is Mount Alava, from which you can see panoramic view to the capital and harbor.
In the southern part of the island of Tutuila, Fagatele Bay opens, which is a crater of a now inactive volcano. The picturesque seabed and many exotic fish make the bay an object of exploration for scuba divers.
the island of Tutuila. Aunuu Island is part of the original Samoan culture. A village that has not been touched by civilization has been preserved here. It attracts tourists who want to immerse themselves in the original Polynesian culture, customs and beliefs. You can also buy rare souvenirs here.
The sacred site of Saua is considered the cradle of Polynesian civilization, a kind of Eden, from where all people came from. And what untouched nature surrounds this area! Mountainous terrain, picturesque rocks, smoothly turning into a sandy coast ... Some of the most beautiful coral reefs in Samoa stretched for many kilometers along the coast.
Before the arrival of Europeans in Polynesia, the island of Tau was the residence of the emperor and the spiritual capital of the natives. Here is the grave of the last Tui Manua, the supreme ruler of the islands. Nature national park untouched by civilization.
In the southern part of the National Park on Tau is a huge volcanic crater Judes. Numerous hiking trails lead to it.
The private island of Swains barely exceeds 3,000 m2 in area. In the center of the island is a picturesque lagoon. The vegetation on the island is represented by undersized shrubs, pandanus, coconut and banana palms, papaya, breadfruit. From animals you can see sea birds, turtles, mollusks and tropical fish. During the dry season, the lagoon dries up.
Tourism is the main source of income for the Samoans, so the entire range of entertainment is organized for guests of the archipelago: cycling, hiking, snorkeling, scuba diving, canoeing and boating. Numerous festivals dedicated to traditional crafts and national holidays await tourists on land.
How to get to Samoa
There are no direct flights to the Samoa archipelago. Flights to Samoa are organized from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Guam or the USA. You can get to Australia or New Zealand only through transit flights through European or Asian countries - Korea, Hong Kong, the UAE, Great Britain. To Fiji, regular communication has been established with Korea and Hong Kong. A transport corridor has been established between Fiji, Australia and New Zealand, the USA and Canada. When traveling in transit, a visa is required only in the USA and Canada, all other countries support visa-free regime entry and exit for a period of 14 days to 4 months.
Sea passenger communication with the Samoa archipelago is not established. You can get by sea only from island to island. The only way to get to Samoa by sea is to take a trip on a yacht. In this case, a visa can be obtained directly at the border crossing.
We flew from Nadi (Fiji) on 30.09, and arrived in Apia (Samoa) on 29.09 ;) True, it's cool, living twice today and missing tomorrow ;) We, in fact, counted on this when planning the trip. Crossing the date line, what could be more mysterious?! But the Samoan leadership decided to outsmart everyone by introducing a new GMT + 14 time zone in Samoa. ;)
flights
Acquaintance with Samoa began on the plane. I have never seen such a gathering of obese people in one place. All 10 people in our group were scattered around the plane like precious seeds, although they were asked to plant the group together.
Denis and I were lucky, and the Samoan agreed to change places with me, although he began to resent terribly that he had a seat by the window, and had to sit in the middle. What window, night in the yard?! Our luck did not end there, a fat girl was placed next to us, who, oh joy!, climbed into her seat. But our fellow traveler was not lucky, they put the husband of our dumplings with her. He lifted, in a brazen, dividing handle and sat down on 1.5 seats. Believe it or not, no one even thought to solve this problem. The stewardess just shrugged. But on normal airlines obese people are required to buy 2 tickets!!!
Back we specifically asked that we, our group, be seated together. And even this request was not fulfilled! We were scattered around the plane again. But this time, we did not move away from the reception until we were given a seat nearby!!! What a run! Despite the fact that the plane was half full and "stuffed" it was tiny people of an incomprehensible race. Neither Chinese nor Filipinos, but some men are small and thin;) They looked like real guest workers;)
Samoa Hotels
Couldn't sleep for a minute. We got to the hotel, and it was a wonderful Aggie Gray's Resort, at 5 in the morning. Despite the fact that the check-in time at any hotel in the world is 2:00 pm, we were promised that the rooms would be ready by 9.00, so we accommodated who, where I found a place. But first, we were invited to have breakfast. A chic restaurant, tablecloths and fabric napkins for breakfast is an indicator. The dishes were tasty and varied, but the scrambled eggs at the fryer did not work, stuck and spread, and he was worried and this made more worse because of the time shift, because of the late dinner on the plane, because of the early breakfast at the hotel, the gap between meals was 2 hours.
The Aggie Gray's Resort restaurant is ready to receive visitors even at 5 am
And after breakfast, our fellow travelers settled on sun loungers by the pool and relaxed, read, fell asleep. I want to sleep.
We went to the ocean to meet the sunrise and take pictures. Impressive! White sand, blue water, the waves break on a reef somewhere in the distance and near the shore the water is calm like on a lake, the birds sing, you lie under a palm tree, look at the cocoa and get high;) And such a sweet buzz that we fell asleep right here;)
Paradise place. Morning beaches at Aggie Gray's Resort
And when we woke up, Aggie Gray's rooms were ready to receive and surprise us. A cozy spacious room, a bright bathroom sparkling with surgical cleanliness, a large open loggia and a stunning view of the ocean!
There was no time to sleep, at 10.00 our acquaintance with the island of Upolu began. The island is actually small, and 3 hours is enough to drive around it. But our guides managed to stretch this trip for three days :) From the hotel one way and half way, from the hotel to the other side and the other half of the island;) Well, the third day is acquaintance with the capital of Western Samoa - the city of Apia. Well, it’s hard to call it a city, the entire population of the island is 125 thousand people.
Our second Tanoa Tusitala Hotel, an urban hotel, was located in the center of the capital of Western Samoa in the courtyard of a government building. And lying in the evening by the pool, we could easily see what was happening inside. And on the porch of this building, children were playing, grimy, grimy. Across the road with its frightening height (2 floors with a roof), we were pleased with the presence of the Ministry of (evaluate) Women, something else and social development;)
Life of the inhabitants of Western Samoa
Here you go. So that you understand what Western Samoa is. These are 10 islands. But we were only on one. An island with endless snow-white sandy beaches surrounded by blue open ocean. Coral reefs save the beaches from big waves so much that even the foam does not reach the shore. People live on the coast. Their dwellings are monstrously poor and open to everything and everything.
They have no walls, no windows. Only the flooring raised above the ground and the roof resting on wooden columns. Fabric curtains protect the home from the sun, wind and rain. Richer houses have glass shutters instead of windows and walls. The closer you get to the capital, the houses become different, because the richer (?), some even have walls;) and absolutely rich people have better houses.
Wherever you look, you will see a coke tree or a banana plant. In general, it seemed to me that when passing through passport control at the entrance to the country, they need to be given helmets. Because coconuts tend to fall, and walking under palm trees covered with this seemingly kind and harmless murder weapon was scary at first;) but you get used to everything and relax.
I don't see what people are doing here. We saw few people here. On Sunday, everyone dressed in white clothes returned from churches, and on Monday, schoolchildren dressed in colorful uniforms (white top and pink or bright green bottom) went to school.
The dirty children still ran through the banana thickets, and the women lay stupidly on the floor of their dwellings. Here, men wear pareo skirts, somewhat reminiscent of the long aprons of our waiters.
And one more interesting thing. Here, women don't use washing machines, everything is done by hand. And if you consider that there are 5-6 children in a family, you begin to understand why they are so grimy. But if the wash is successful, then the linen is hung in a rainbow, in the sense of taking into account color, tones and semitones, with all the rules for the transition from color to color. Looks like this is such a kind of masochism, first wash it, and then hang it up. Or maybe it's such a love for his island. Unlike Fiji, there is amazing cleanliness, even in the most remote village.
further
Islands of volcanic origin, mostly mountainous (up to 1858 m high). The climate is tropical, hot and humid, with frequent hurricane-force winds. The average annual temperature is 26°C, precipitation averages 3000 mm per year. The slopes of the mountains are covered with tropical rain forests, among which there are valuable species with very hard wood, large-leaved myrtle trees with fragrant flowers, gigantic banyan trees, the crown of which reaches 100 m in diameter. At the tops of the most high mountains lush forests give way to the so-called foggy undergrowth and mountain shrubs, and on the flat coasts cultural landscapes with plantations of coconut palms, bananas, cocoa, and other crops predominate.
Most of the islanders live in traditional huts - fales, which have an oval shape. There are no walls, and a roof made of coconut palm leaves or a ramp rests on wooden pillars. The only city and main port of Western Samoa is the capital of the state of Apia (33 thousand inhabitants), located on the island of Upolu. The center of Apia is built up with one-story and two-story houses of the European type, over which church bell towers rise powerfully. The city has an observatory, three hotels, small businesses, offices of foreign companies, and government offices. On the outskirts of Apia is the estate of the famous English writer R. L. Stevenson.
Nature and climate
The islands of Western Samoa are the peaks of an underwater ridge of volcanic origin. On the island of Savaii there is active volcano matavanu, recent eruptions which occurred in 1902 (strong) and 1911. The relief of the islands is mountainous. Most high peaks– Mount Silisili (1858 m) on Savaii Island and Fito (1100 m) on Upolu Island. The surface of these islands decreases from the central most elevated regions to the periphery and in some places passes into the coastal lowlands. There are many fast mountain rivers on the islands with significant hydropower potential. The shores are mostly rocky and indented. total length coastline OK. 400 km. Coral reefs border Savaii Island from the northeast and east, and Upolu from all sides except the northeastern part.
The climate is tropical, hot and humid. Average daily temperature approx. 26° С, temperature fluctuations are small ( average temperature in summer - 27 ° C, in winter - 25 ° C). The average annual rainfall ranges from 2500–3000 mm in the northwest of both large islands to 5000–7000 mm in the central mountainous regions. The dry season runs from May to October, and the rainy season runs from November to April. Tropical hurricanes often recur.
Volcanic soils are very fertile, especially on Upolu Island. Soil and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of agriculture, but due to the dissection of the relief, only a quarter of the territory is used.
The flora of Samoa includes ca. 600 species, about a quarter of them are endemic. Forests occupy 47% of the country's territory. A strip of mangrove forests stretches along the coasts. In many places they have been replaced by coconut palm plantations. The slopes of the mountains are covered with tropical rainforest. On the lower parts of the slopes, trees up to 20 m high predominate, in the ground layer there are ferns, trees are entwined with lianas and various epiphytes. At an absolute height of 500–600 m, the tree layer reaches 25–29 m; tree ferns appear even higher in the mountains. In the central part of the islands, the forests are more humid. Many valuable tree species grow in Western Samoa, the wood of which is used by the population for the construction of dwellings and boats. Banyan, nutmeg, bamboo, pandanus, orchids are very common.
The animal world is extremely poor in mammals. The most common rats brought by Europeans on ships. Chiroptera are characteristic. The avifauna includes 53 species, of which 16 are very rare (including the endemic scalloped pigeon). Reptiles include snakes and turtles. There are centipedes, scorpions and spiders. The fauna of insects is the richest, and these islands are confined to East End habitat of three groups of insects (mayflies, caddisflies and termites), widespread in Australia and New Guinea. The adjacent water area abounds with fish, crabs, octopuses, sharks, tuna, bonito, mackerel and so on are found in deeper waters.
Attractions
Western Samoa is a beautiful corner of the Earth, which has not yet been greatly affected by civilization. For this reason, the main treasures of the country are its mountains, forests, beaches and picturesque villages. If we talk about man-made sights, then the largest number of them is concentrated in the capital Apia on the island of Upolu. For example, in its western part is the old ceremonial capital of Mulinuu. In this area, the most interesting buildings are the old observatory and the Parliament House. In the central part of Apia, the most interesting is the memorial Clock Tower. Also, old colonial buildings are scattered throughout the city, among which the courthouse, which houses the Historical Museum, is the most colorful. In addition, many churches have been built in the capital and its suburbs: the Catholic Church, the Apia-Samoa Temple complex, the Church of the Congregationalists, etc. Just 4 km from the center of the capital, on the outskirts of Vailim, is the estate of the writer R.L. Stevenson, and next to it - his tombstone.
There are others on the island of Upolu interesting places. So, in its northern part there are the picturesque waterfalls of Falefa, the Wafato forest reserve and Lake Lanotoo, next to which the Bahai Temple rises. On the southeast coast, the most interesting cascade of five-meter waterfalls Papassea-Sliding Rock. Well, the main attractions south coast are national park O-Le-Pupu-Pue and Paradise Beach.
Savaii Island is an almost untouched place. Its main attractions are the Peapea and Paia Dwarfs lava caves, the ritual mound near Cape Mulinuu, the Alofaaga volcanic cavern, the Tia Seu mound, the ancient village of Fagaloa, the Falealupo lava tubes and the Satihuatua beach with a colorful church. Also worth mentioning separately is the island of Manono, the main historical monuments which are the "Star Mound" and the "Grave of 99 Stones" mound.
Nutrition
The national cuisine of Samoa is distinguished by not too spicy dishes, consisting of individual components, which are served separately and mixed directly during the meal. Here you can also try dishes cooked in umu earthen ovens. One of the most important components local menu are coconut, sweet potato, vegetables and root vegetables, cereals, fresh fruits and seafood. Among fish dishes, the main place is occupied by oca, which is finely chopped and specially marinated fish, which is then subjected to heat treatment or eaten raw. Faiai-eleni (herring in coconut milk), faiai-fei (octopus in coconut milk) and other seafood (shellfish, shark meat, crustaceans, sea snakes, etc.) are cooked according to similar recipes.
In restaurants, among the most popular dishes worth noting are palousami (pickled taro leaves in which fillings are wrapped), taishi moa (fried chicken in banana leaves), supoesi (coconut milk and papaya soup), fia fia (a mixture of meat and vegetables , mind-fried), lupe-tunuvilivili (fried pigeon) and puaa-tunuvilivili (mind-fried pork). All meals are served with soy sauce, spicy tapa and breadfruit.
As a dessert local restaurants they offer fruits, fausi (a dish of coconut milk and baked pumpkin), coco-arasa (cocoa with rice) and a variety of flour products.
Among the drinks, the most common are nui (green coconut fruit juice), kava (an unusual drink made from the root of yangona) and strong cocoa, as well as local sodas. Alcoholic drinks in the country are mostly imported, and Vailima beer is the most popular among locals.
Accommodation
To date, tourism in Western Samoa is only developing, so the choice of hotels here is not too great. At the same time, Samoa is one of the cheapest countries in the South Pacific. For this reason, the cost of living in high-level hotels here starts from $ 130-150 per day. In establishments of the middle price category, you can count on $ 50 per day, and in motels and small private boarding houses - $ 35-40. In addition, many village communities offer rental houses with full meals. In the case of such accommodation, the cost of living will be only $ 20 per day.
Most of the hotels are located on the island of Upolu, on the island of Savaii their choice is an order of magnitude lower.
Entertainment and recreation
Due to its rich nature, Samoa is a great place for active rest and travel on foot. The best way to explore the islands is by boat or canoe. Cycling is also quite popular among tourists, especially on the territory of the picturesque island of Savaii. There are many beautiful coasts on the islands, which are suitable for both beach holiday, and for snorkeling, and in some places for exploring the underwater world. Best Places for diving are located next to the Palolo Deep Marine Reserve and in the Maninoa Beach area (Upolu Island).
Surfing in Samoa is quite difficult, as many of the suitable places for this are replete with unstable currents and reefs. However, there are currently resorts on the islands that specialize in "playing with the wave" (Maninoa Beach, Ananoa Beach, Salouafata Harbor and Samoana). Fishing in Samoa is quite affordable, but expensive. The fact is that local residents often consider sports fishermen as their direct competitors. For this reason, tribal leaders charge tourists quite large sums for harmless fishing.
An interesting way to spend time can be participation in one of the local holidays and festivals. Among them, the largest is the week-long Teuila festival, which takes place in early September. The program of this event includes competitions of dance groups and choirs, traditional dances, kirikiti competitions, fautashi boat races and a flower parade. Among other events, the most interesting are:
- international fishing tournament,
- Argungu Fishing and Cultural Festival,
- South Pacific Games (rowing)
- Birthday of Tanumafili II Malietoa,
- International rugby competitions and a celebration in honor of the palolo turtles.
Purchases
The largest trading establishments in Samoa are located in Apia - this is a large Flea Market and two supermarkets (Frankie and Farmer Joe). On the market you can find almost any product - from cheap electronics to jewelry. In supermarkets, the choice of goods is slightly smaller, but their quality is better. In general, almost every city and town in the country has its own market where you can find very interesting souvenirs and just make useful purchases. Most often, tourists purchase bags and baskets made from ramp fibers, exquisite fabrics made from paper mulberry bark, wooden weapons, model canoes, wooden bowls, avocado oil and local honey. Local handicrafts such as wicker fans, small figurines, vases, etc. are in particular demand. Women are advised to pay attention to original coconut shell jewelry, as well as amazing precious shells. The rugs, which are woven by local craftsmen, amaze the imagination. Their amazing pictures and bizarre ornaments are fraught with a piece of Samoan culture.
Most retail establishments are open from 08:00 to 16:30 and on Saturdays until 12:30, although many private shops operate on their own schedule. On Sundays all shops are closed.
Transport
Apia is the country's largest port, through which Samoa maintains regular maritime links with New Zealand, Great Britain and Fiji. Less significant ports are located in Asau, Saleologa and Mulifanua. Between the islands of Savaii and Upolu, as well as with the island of Pago Pago, which belongs to American Samoa, there is a regular ferry service. The international airport is located in Faleolo, 34 km from the capital.
Samoa has over two thousand kilometers of roads, mostly rural. The main intercity and urban mode of transport are old buses with wooden seats. In addition, they run very irregularly. For example, if the driver feels that he is tired, or decides to play rugby with friends, then the bus will no longer work. There are no stopping points. For the driver to stop, you must vote. Well, in order to get out, it is customary here to knock loudly on the roof. It must be borne in mind that Samoan buses have their own seating arrangements for passengers. According to him, unmarried girls must sit together, and foreigners and the elderly - at the front of the bus. If the bus is full, the locals sit on each other's knees.
Taxis are available in the capital and major settlements, car rental is available only to persons over 25 years of age.
Connection
The islands have a quite modern telephone system, which is developing rapidly. Payphones are installed in all major settlements. They work with prepaid cards, which are sold in stores, post offices and kiosks. You can also make a call from most hotels, however, its cost will be 15-20% more expensive.
Mobile Samoa has an analogue system (TDMA): only phones that support this standard can be used here. If necessary, such a phone can be rented at the offices of cellular companies. The coverage area mainly covers the capital, as well as nearby areas. On this moment a system of repeaters is being built, which makes it possible to provide high-quality communication between all points of the country.
Network services on the islands are developing at a rapid pace, so there are Internet cafes in the capital and other settlements of the country. Local mobile operators support WAP and GPRS.
Safety
Samoa is considered one of the most quiet places V this region. The crime rate on these islands is extremely low, so there will be no problems with personal safety here. Still, it is not recommended to neglect simple precautions. Women traveling alone should be prepared for increased attention from local men. As a rule, it is expressed in various oral comments, but a little caution obviously does not hurt.
Tap water in settlements is chlorinated and therefore safe to drink. Although in the first week of your stay, we recommend using bottled or boiled water for drinking and brushing your teeth.
Before traveling to Samoa, vaccination against hepatitis B, cholera, typhoid, polio and Japanese encephalitis is recommended. In addition, outbreaks of tropical fever sometimes occur on the islands, which are carried by mosquitoes. For this reason, you should have insect repellent with you.
Business climate
Samoa's financial system is almost completely integrated into world economy, and the stable financial, economic and political structure of the country attracts investors here, and their activities are encouraged by the government. In general, government policy is aimed at turning Samoa into a powerful offshore center in the Pacific Ocean. Today, light industry is very developed here. A promising industry, of course, is the hotel business and tourism in general.
On the islands, most of the land, including the coast, is communal property, the rights to which belong to families or villages. Rural communities consider their shores as a protected area, so they watch them very jealously. This means that you will need to pay $ 1–3 for swimming on the coast that you like. It is not worth bargaining and sparing this money, as they go to the needs of medicine or the education of the community. In addition, in some communities it is forbidden to go to sea on Sundays, and surfers and windsurfers are charged a small daily fee (1-1.5 $). The money goes to support the local school education program.
Visa information
Samoa visa is issued directly at the border crossing. For its registration, you will need tickets and a passport, which is valid for 6 months after leaving the territory of Samoa. Sometimes customs officials are asked to show evidence of sufficient funds for the duration of their stay in a given country.
At the border, a visa is issued for 30 days, but if necessary, it can be extended for 60 days. To do this, you must contact the Immigration Office in Apia and present a passport, tickets, proof of sufficient funds, reasons for extending your stay, hotel reservation or confirmation of another method of accommodation, and pay a fee (about $ 45).
culture
The traditional Samoan way of life (called Faa Samoa) remains an important part of Samoan life and politics. Subjected to European influence for centuries, the Samoans nevertheless maintained their historical traditions, preserved their social and political structure, and their language.
Samoan culture is based on the principle of valealoai - a specific system of relations between people. These relationships are based on respect (faaaloalo). When Christianity was brought to Samoa by missionaries, most of the population accepted it. Currently, 98% of the population identify themselves as Christians. The remaining 2% either identify themselves as non-religious or belong to other faiths.
Most Samoans live in traditional oval huts (fale). The roof made of pandanus or coconut palm leaves rests on wooden pillars. There are no walls, but at night and in bad weather, the openings between the pillars are hung with mats, which are stored rolled up under the roof (along its perimeter). The floor is paved with even large pebbles. Now there are halyards with an iron roof.
The main socio-economic unit of Samoan society is the community (ainga), which consists of three to four generations of the closest male relatives, women who came to the community by marriage, and persons included in it as a result of adoption or adoption. The members of the ainga (on average 40-50 people) jointly own the land and jointly perform all labor-intensive work.
Like many other Polynesian islands, the Samoans have two types of tattoos for different genders. Tattoos for men are called tatau and consist of complex geometric designs placed from the knees to the ribs. A man with such a tattoo is called sogaimichi. For Samoan girls (teine) they make mala, which extend from just below the knees to the top of the thighs.
The traditional female Samoan dance is the siwa. This dance is similar to the Hawaiian hula - the dancers “tell” their “story” with smooth movements of their arms and legs to the beat of the music. Male Samoan dances are more aggressive and energetic. Sasa is a male Samoan dance in which ranks of dancers perform rapid synchronized movements to the beat of drums or rolled mats. Its name is translated from the Samoan language as "slap", because it is accompanied by slaps on different parts of the body.
Story
According to archaeological data, the settlement of Samoa occurred more than 2500 years ago. The first European to visit Samoa was the Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeven in 1722. In 1768, an expedition of the French navigator L.A. Bougainville visited the coast of Samoa, and in 1787, the expedition of J.F. Laperouse, who determined the coordinates of many islands of the archipelago. Close ties with the outside world were established with the arrival of English missionaries on the islands in 1830. In 1839, an American expedition led by Charles Wilkes worked in Samoa and compiled a detailed description of the flora and fauna of the islands. From the second half of the 19th century confrontation intensified between the US, Germany and Britain for dominance over Samoa. The contradictions were resolved in 1900, when at a conference of three powers in Berlin, the archipelago was divided at 171 ° W. into two parts. USA annexed Eastern Samoa, and Germany - Western Samoa. On August 29, 1914, New Zealand occupied the German possessions, and on May 1, 1929, received a mandate from the League of Nations to govern them.
The activities of the New Zealand administration were aimed at developing export sectors of the economy, improving healthcare and education systems. After World War II, Western Samoa became first a Mandatory Territory of New Zealand, and since 1946 a United Nations Trust Territory under New Zealand's administration. A Legislative Assembly was established in 1947, and a draft constitution was adopted in 1959. At the same time, a government (cabinet of ministers) was created, which was headed by a Samoan. January 1, 1962 Western Samoa became the first independent state in Oceania.
Since July 1997, the country has received a new name - the Independent State of Samoa. Samoa is part of the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain.
The last parliamentary elections were held on March 4, 2001. 23 deputies from the Party for the Protection of Human Rights, 13 from the Samoa National Development Party, 13 independent deputies were elected to the Legislative Assembly.
The country has a national Broadcasting Service and a Television Corporation. The monthly government publication Savali (founded in 1904) and the newspaper Samoa Observer are published in Samoan and English, as well as English language The daily newspaper Samoa News and the weekly Samoa Weekly.
Policy
The country has a constitution that came into force on January 1, 1962 (when the independence of Western Samoa was proclaimed), as amended in July 1997. Initially, the country was headed by two leaders - representatives of large family communities, who had previously held supreme power on the islands for a long time. After the death of one of them, Tupua Tumasese, Malietoa Tanumafili II became head of state for life from April 5, 1963 (according to the updated constitution, after his death, the head of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly for a period of five years). Executive power in the country is exercised by the government, headed by the prime minister, who is appointed by the head of state and approved by the Legislative Assembly (Fono). It consists of 49 deputies, who since 1991 have been elected by popular vote. All residents of the country who have reached the age of 21 are endowed with the right to vote.
The judicial system consists of magistrates' courts dealing with civil and criminal cases, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. These courts operate in accordance with the norms of British law and taking into account Samoan customs. Minor offenses are within the jurisdiction of chiefs and family communities on the basis of customary law.
In 1970, Western Samoa joined the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain. Since 1976 - a member of the UN. Traditionally, close ties have been maintained with New Zealand. Since July 1997 the country has been called Samoa.
Economy
Samoa's economy has traditionally been dependent on humanitarian aid, private transfers from foreign countries, and agricultural exports. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the country's labor force and produces 90% of the country's exports, including coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (noni fruit juice), bananas, copra, and others.
The gross domestic product (GDP) (at purchasing power parity) of the country in 2006 was US$1.218 billion. According to 2004 data, the manufacturing sector is the main component of GDP (58.4%), followed by the service sector (30.2%), agriculture (11.4%). Samoa's working-age population is estimated at 90,000.
65% of the active population is employed in agriculture, 30% in the service sector, and 5% in industry. The main crops are coconut palm, cocoa tree, taro, yams, breadfruit and bananas. Animal husbandry plays a supporting role. Cattle, pigs and poultry are bred to meet domestic needs. Most crops are grown on communal lands, but some produce (especially copra and cocoa beans) comes from large plantations.
Industrial production is reduced mainly to the processing of agricultural raw materials and fish, the production of clothing, footwear, souvenirs, tobacco products, food products, beer. There is a woodworking plant and a soap factory. Hydroelectric power plants and diesel power plants generate approx. 65 million kW of electricity, which provides for domestic needs.
Imports are much more expensive than exports. Samoa imports mainly cotton clothing, cars, equipment, and food. In the structure of exports, agricultural products are approx. 90%. The main exports - copra, coconut oil, cocoa beans, bananas, fish - go mainly to New Zealand, Australia, the USA and Germany. Imported goods come from New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Fiji and the USA.
Tourism is developing in the country. In 1996 it was visited by more than 70 thousand foreign tourists.
Regular maritime links are maintained between Apia (the country's largest port) and New Zealand, Fiji and the UK. Less significant port facilities were built in Asau, Mulifanua, Saleologa. Total length highways- 790 km, of which with a hard surface - approx. 330 km. Faleolo International Airport operates in the vicinity of Apia, there are two airports for domestic traffic.
Since 1967, the official currency has been the tala (Samoan dollar), equal to 100 sen.
Oceania. Travel notes, day 7As you know, there are two Samoa - just Samoa, which, just in case, inserted into its official name the words "Independent State", and American Samoa (guess whose dependent territory it is). It used to be easier because the countries were called Western and Eastern Samoa.
They are interesting because they are located on the date line. That is, when east island Monday, in the western it's already Tuesday! It's funny.
Remember, I wrote about the fact that the citizens of Russia? So, after my post, the Russian Foreign Ministry intervened and asked them why they stopped issuing visas to Russian citizens. And American Samoa replied that there was a mistake, everything is OK, we will give a visa to Mr. Varlamov, as well as to other Russians! They also immediately wrote to me: "Sir, a thousand apologies, a coconut fell on my head, so they messed everything up. Now there will be a visa!" I was delighted, thanked the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and submitted the documents again. But there was no visa. Usually they give it in one day, but then two days passed, then two more, then a week ... And then the answer came:
"Bad news. Just got back from the Immigration office again and permit request DENIED. The reason stated: "U.S. state department is not allowing anyone with a Russian passport into the territory at this time." When the travel restrictions are lifted, we hope to receive Russian visitors again, like in previous times".
This is written by the hotel manager who arranged my visa. In general, as you understand, the US State Department does not allow Russian citizens to visit their territories ... Here it must be said that although American Samoa is considered an "unincorporated unorganized territory", the Department of Insular Affairs, which is a division of the US Ministry of Internal Affairs, is still responsible for it . And the territory is controlled not by the president or the king, but by the governor (although since 1977, the Samoans have elected him themselves).
That's it. Again, all hope for our Foreign Ministry! They completely beguiled the shores in their Samoa!
In the meantime, let's see what the Western Isles are like today.
01. As usual, landscapes are of little interest. 
02. Blue sea, rare settlements... 
03. Small villages are scattered through the jungle. In total, a little more than 190 thousand people live on the islands, which is about the same as in Lyubertsy. 
04. From achievements - built new terminal airport (opened in November 2016) on a loan from China. 
05. True, planes fly here infrequently. There is one flight to Fiji and several more times a week to Australia and New Zealand. Direct flights to China should open soon, an agreement between the countries has already been signed. 
06. The roads are beautiful and smooth. 
07. What makes Samoa different from other countries in the region? Graves! Yes, it is customary to bury relatives right under the window! Very nice. Well, as some of us throw cars under the windows, so here they dig graves under the windows. 
08. Sometimes a shed is built over the grave. 
09. Very rarely, this is a separate building in the yard, but usually everything is close to the house. 
10. Sometimes this is a real tomb. 
11. But usually like this: 
12. Or so. 
13. If suddenly the houses are located in a lowland, in flooded areas, then the graves are made on a hill. 
14. One of the villages has recently been improved! They put up beautiful posts with lanterns and new garbage nets. The locals are thrilled! 
15. There are many different churches in Samoa - mostly Catholic and Protestant, but there is even a House of Worship for Bahá'í adherents (one of seven on the entire planet) and a Mormon temple. They are building a new temple. 
16. Mormon temple in the suburbs of the capital. They write that in Nukualofa (Tonga) there is a twin building, and another similar temple should be in Tahiti. 
17. This is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the capital. 
18. Unfortunately, this is a new building. The old building, built in 1867, was so badly damaged during the 2009 earthquake that it had to be demolished. 
19. As you can see, Samoa is a pious country: they write on the fences that the state is "based on God." 
20. Unlike temples, the houses of local residents are not distinguished by luxury and size. 
21. As in many countries in the region, the people live in poverty. But, unlike Fiji or Tonga, the main sector of the economy here is industry. There are a few small factories here (for example, coconut oil and less exotic Coca-Cola are made in Samoa), although most of the population still lives in villages. 
22.
23. Another feature of the locals is that they constantly rest! I have never seen so many vacationers in any other country. Usually sit under a tree in the shade 
24. From morning to evening, until the sun disappears below the horizon, the locals just sleep. Here is a typical yard. Grandma was recently buried under the porch ... and you can sleep! 
25. It's not bus stop, but a couch. 
26. Life goes on as usual. 
27.
28. The love of relaxation has influenced the local architecture. Each site will definitely have two buildings: a house with a grave and a canopy for relaxation! The canopy is made with a high roof so that you can wallow in the shade all day. These large pavilions are now being built, but they actually grew out of a traditional Samoan dwelling, the "fale". 
29. Each house has a canopy. Use these open spaces in different ways. Sometimes as a chapel, sometimes for a family gathering, sometimes just for a picnic. Well, to lie around, of course! 
30. In the city, too, everyone is lying. 
31.
32. The flag should have a Southern Cross, but it didn’t turn out very well) 
33. And this is the capital of the country, Apia. Big city by local standards, a little less than 37 thousand people. 
34. Moreover, this is the only city in Samoa. Well, like a city. In fact, it doesn't even have a mayor. Apia is divided into 45 villages, which together belong to administrative district Tuamasaga. That is, it is like a city of central subordination. 
35. Since in fact it is a large village that has grown into a city, Apia has problems with infrastructure. For example, during the rainy season it is regularly flooded, because, of course, there is no storm sewer here. The funny thing is that even here the islanders managed to create traffic jams, because they began to buy cars for themselves in the absence of any traffic control system. 
36. This is the very center. On the right is the old government building, on the left is a supermarket, which is now run by the Chinese. 
37. Cathedral, parking and, of course, a pavilion. Here it performs the function of a chapel. 
38. Fishermen and the market. Unlike other countries in Oceania, not many fish are exported from Samoa. Caught mainly for the domestic market. 
39. The Clock Tower stands on the square, marking the very center of the city. 
40. Now the government buildings have been moved to a new location, in the village of Mulinuu. A wide highway was laid here. 
41.
42. Port 
43. On weekends, there is no one on the streets at all. 
44. The city is literally dying out. Nothing works. 
45. And here is the same place on Monday. 
46. City beach 
47. Embankment 
48. The police station was recently built. 
49.
50. Parliament building. By the way, Samoa is a parliamentary... uh... semi-republic, semi-monarchy. Only the country is ruled not quite by the king and not quite by the president, but by a person with the title "O le Ao O le Malo", or the supreme leader. In Russian, this translates as "Going after what was, and before who will be" (Vitali Klitschko's note!). The leader, by the way, has been an elective position since 2007, but at the same time he can be elected only from among the members of parliament and an infinite number of times. And only matai, the leaders of the Samoan family clans, can become deputies. So some features of the monarchy (and even traditional society) are still preserved. 
Speaking of traditions! In Samoa, in addition to men and women, there is a "third sex" - faafafine. It includes from 1 to 5% of the country's population, and the traditional Samoan family itself decides which of the children to assign to them. Literally, "faafafine" means "like a woman." Boys are raised as girls from childhood. This is what happens when more men are born in a country than women! Russia can breathe freely. 
In fact, it is not entirely correct to attribute faafafine to gays, although most of them have male partners. But their relationship with men is not considered homosexual, because the sex is not the same. Moreover, the relationship of two men for many Samoan families is a taboo. And if a man fucks with faafafine - it's okay, everything is fine. Many faafafine say that in childhood they really considered themselves girls, and only when they grew up did they realize that this was not entirely true.
Similar parenting traditions exist in other parts of Oceania, such as Tonga, the Cook Islands, and Hawaii. In Samoa, fa'afafine are mainly entertained by tourists, and some ride to the West to earn money by participating in transvestite shows. Even in Oceania, boxing with the participation of faafafine is quite popular. 
Some Samoans don't like fa'afafine because they act too provocatively, declaring their own "feminine" sexuality. Usually a woman in Samoa is a modest housewife, and here is such a contrast. Although some faafafine maintain a traditional way of life and even raise children with other women (and they in turn call him "mother"). 
51. I wonder what the Israeli flag is doing here? 
52. Old architecture 
53.
54.
55. Local buses 
56. Now in Samoa the rainy season, it will end in April. By the way, the country regularly suffers from natural disasters, especially typhoons. Therefore, many foreign companies are hesitant to invest in the economy of the islands. 
57.
58.
59.
The content of the article
SAMOA, The Independent State of Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) is located in the Pacific Ocean, in Polynesia, on western islands archipelago of Samoa. It consists of two large islands - Savaii (1820 sq. km) and Upolu (1100 sq. km), two small ones - Manono (8 sq. km) and Apolima (5 sq. km) and five uninhabited islets. Samoa was the first in Polynesia to gain independence in 1962.
Nature.
The islands of Western Samoa are the peaks of an underwater ridge of volcanic origin. On the island of Savaii there is an active volcano Matavanu, the last eruptions of which occurred in 1902 (strong) and 1911. The relief of the islands is mountainous. The highest peaks are Mount Silisili (1858 m) on Savaii Island and Fito (1100 m) on Upolu Island. The surface of these islands decreases from the central most elevated regions to the periphery and in some places passes into the coastal lowlands. There are many fast mountain rivers on the islands with significant hydropower potential. The shores are mostly rocky and indented. The total length of the coastline is approx. 400 km. Coral reefs border Savaii Island from the northeast and east, and Upolu from all sides except the northeastern part.
The climate is tropical, hot and humid. Average daily temperature approx. 26°C, temperature fluctuations are small (the average temperature in summer is 27°C, in winter 25°C). The average annual rainfall ranges from 2500–3000 mm in the northwest of both large islands to 5000–7000 mm in the central mountainous regions. The dry season runs from May to October, and the rainy season runs from November to April. Tropical hurricanes often recur.
Volcanic soils are very fertile, especially on Upolu Island. Soil and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of agriculture, but due to the dissection of the relief, only a quarter of the territory is used.
The flora of Samoa includes ca. 600 species, about a quarter of them are endemic. Forests occupy 47% of the country's territory. A strip of mangrove forests stretches along the coasts. In many places they have been replaced by coconut palm plantations. The slopes of the mountains are covered with tropical rainforest. On the lower parts of the slopes, trees up to 20 m high predominate, in the ground layer there are ferns, trees are entwined with lianas and various epiphytes. At an absolute height of 500–600 m, the tree layer reaches 25–29 m; tree ferns appear even higher in the mountains. In the central part of the islands, the forests are more humid. Many valuable tree species grow in Western Samoa, the wood of which is used by the population for the construction of dwellings and boats. Banyan, nutmeg, bamboo, pandanus, orchids are very common.
The animal world is extremely poor in mammals. The most common rats brought by Europeans on ships. Chiroptera are characteristic. The avifauna includes 53 species, of which 16 are very rare (including the endemic scalloped pigeon). Reptiles include snakes and turtles. There are centipedes, scorpions and spiders. The fauna of insects is the richest, and the eastern part of the range of three groups of insects (mayflies, caddis flies and termites), which are widespread in Australia and New Guinea, is confined to these islands. The adjacent water area abounds with fish, crabs, octopuses, sharks, tuna, bonito, mackerel and so on are found in deeper waters.
Population.
According to the 1986 census, 157 thousand people lived in the country, and by 2010 its number had increased to 194,320 thousand. .2% are over 65 years old. The birth rate is estimated at 22.1 per 1,000 inhabitants, the death rate is 5.34 per 1,000, and emigration is 10.81 per 1,000. 0.22% (this is due to the fact that young people go abroad in search of work, mainly to New Zealand). Infant mortality is 21.85 per 1000 newborns.
Almost 3/4 of the population is concentrated on the island of Upolu, where the only city and capital of the country, Apia (36 thousand inhabitants in 2009), is located. Most of the population lives in 230 villages on the coast of Upolu and in 16 centers in the interior of the island. Urban population makes up 20% of the population.
The national composition of the population of Samoa is homogeneous: Samoans predominate (92.6%), belonging to the Polynesian group of peoples. A minority are persons of mixed Euro-Polynesian descent and Europeans. official languages- Samoan and English. The Samoan language belongs to the East Austronesian group of the Austronesian language family. Samoan writing is based on the Latin alphabet. Western Samoa is characterized by high literacy of the population - approximately 97%. This is due to the fact that the country has a wide network of primary state and church schools, in which the majority of children study. Schools were founded at the beginning of the 20th century. missionaries. Some of the children study at secondary schools, and may also receive special education at pedagogical or agricultural colleges, or at trade and trade schools. Hundreds of Samoans have received higher education abroad, mostly in New Zealand. Newspapers and radio and television broadcasts are in Samoan and English.
Among believers - 49% of Protestants (represented mainly by Congregationalists and Methodists) and 45% of Catholics. There are also Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons.
The main traditional cell of Samoan society is a large family community (ainga), which includes numerous relatives - sometimes up to 40-50 people. Each family community elects its leaders (matai), who, by common agreement, dispose of the lands and other property of the community, and also represent the interests of the community in the council of heads of large family communities (fono), which manages the affairs of the village.
State device.
The country has a constitution that came into force on January 1, 1962 (when the independence of Western Samoa was proclaimed), as amended in July 1997. Initially, the country was headed by two leaders - representatives of large family communities, who had previously held supreme power on the islands for a long time. After the death of one of them, Tupua Tumasese, Malietoa Tanumafili II became head of state for life from April 5, 1963 (according to the updated constitution, after his death, the head of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly for a period of five years). Executive power in the country is exercised by the government, headed by the prime minister, who is appointed by the head of state and approved by the Legislative Assembly (Fono). It consists of 49 deputies, who since 1991 have been elected by popular vote. All residents of the country who have reached the age of 21 are endowed with the right to vote.
The judicial system consists of magistrates' courts dealing with civil and criminal cases, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. These courts operate in accordance with the norms of British law and taking into account Samoan customs. Minor offenses are within the jurisdiction of chiefs and family communities on the basis of customary law.
In 1970, Western Samoa joined the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain. Since 1976 - a member of the UN. Traditionally, close ties have been maintained with New Zealand. Since July 1997 the country has been called Samoa.
Economy.
Western Samoa's economy is dependent on foreign aid, private transfers from relatives working abroad, and agriculture. In the structure of GDP, the share of agriculture is 40%, industry - 25%, services - 35%.
In 1998, GDP (at purchasing power parity) was estimated at $485 million, or $2,100 per capita, and growth was 1.8%; in 2011, this figure was $1.122 billion.
Agriculture employs approx. 65% of the active population, in the service sector - 30%, in industry - 5%. The main crops are coconut palm, cocoa tree, taro, yams, breadfruit and bananas. Animal husbandry plays a supporting role. Cattle, pigs and poultry are bred to meet domestic needs. Most crops are grown on communal lands, but some produce (especially copra and cocoa beans) comes from large plantations.
Industrial production is reduced mainly to the processing of agricultural raw materials and fish, the production of clothing, footwear, souvenirs, tobacco products, food products, and beer.
There is a woodworking plant and a soap factory. Hydroelectric power plants and diesel power plants generate approx. 65 million kW of electricity, which provides for domestic needs.
Imports are much more expensive than exports. Samoa imports mainly cotton clothing, cars, equipment, and food. In the structure of exports, agricultural products are approx. 90%. The main exports - copra, coconut oil, cocoa beans, bananas, fish - go mainly to New Zealand, Australia, the USA and Germany. Imported goods come from New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Fiji and the USA.
Tourism is developing in the country (25% of GDP). In 1996 it was visited by more than 70 thousand foreign tourists, in 2007 - 122 thousand tourists.
Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a major force for future economic performance. The inflation rate remains stable.
Regular maritime links are maintained between Apia (the country's largest port) and New Zealand, Fiji and the UK. Less significant port facilities were built in Asau, Mulifanua, Saleologa. The total length of motor roads is 790 km, of which approx. 330 km. Faleolo International Airport operates in the vicinity of Apia, there are two airports for domestic traffic.
Since 1967, the official currency has been the tala (Samoan dollar), equal to 100 sen.
Story.
According to archaeological data, the settlement of Samoa occurred more than 2500 years ago. The first European to visit Samoa was the Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeven in 1722. In 1768, an expedition of the French navigator L.A. Bougainville visited the coast of Samoa, and in 1787, the expedition of J.F. Laperouse, who determined the coordinates of many islands of the archipelago. Close ties with the outside world were established with the arrival of English missionaries on the islands in 1830. In 1839, an American expedition led by Charles Wilkes worked in Samoa and compiled a detailed description of the flora and fauna of the islands. From the second half of the 19th century confrontation intensified between the US, Germany and Britain for dominance over Samoa. The contradictions were resolved in 1900, when at a conference of three powers in Berlin, the archipelago was divided at 171 ° W. into two parts. The US annexed Eastern Samoa and Germany annexed Western Samoa. On August 29, 1914, New Zealand occupied the German possessions, and on May 1, 1929, received a mandate from the League of Nations to govern them.
The activities of the New Zealand administration were aimed at developing export sectors of the economy, improving healthcare and education systems. After World War II, Western Samoa became first a Mandatory Territory of New Zealand, and since 1946 a United Nations Trust Territory under New Zealand's administration. A Legislative Assembly was established in 1947, and a draft constitution was adopted in 1959. At the same time, a government (cabinet of ministers) was created, which was headed by a Samoan. January 1, 1962 Western Samoa became the first independent state in Oceania.
Samoa in the late 20th early - 21st century
Since July 1997, the country has received a new name - the Independent State of Samoa. Samoa is part of the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain.
Parliamentary elections in March 2001 brought into the Legislative Assembly 23 deputies from the Party for the Defense of Human Rights, 13 from the National Development Party of Samoa, 13 independent deputies.
In the June 2007 elections, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi was elected head of state (since June 20, 2007); Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi (since 1998) became the head of government for the next term.
The country has a national Broadcasting Service and a Television Corporation. The monthly government publication Savali (founded in 1904) and the newspaper Samoa Observer are published in Samoan and English, as well as the daily newspaper Samoa News and the weekly Samoa Weekly in English.
At the end of September 2009, the earthquake and the resulting tsunami caused serious damage to the country. Transport communications and energy facilities were destroyed, about 200 people died.
