Aleksey Kochemasov, better known as "Pilot Lech", is a cult personality on the Internet. Once upon a time, under his LiveJournal entries, serious discussions were unfolding for hundreds of comments. However, first of all, Alexey KVS (aircraft commander) at the Pobeda airline. He rarely appears on LiveJournal, but he actively blogs on Instagram. Lenta.ru asked him the most unexpected questions about aviation that sometimes arise from passengers.

Can a pilot fall asleep while flying an aircraft?

All living people, and pilots too, so falling asleep is real. Therefore, two people are constantly in the cockpit - to control each other.

How does the autopilot work, does the pilot really not have to do anything when it is on?

The autopilot is quite a complex thing, and of course it can fly the plane and even land the plane itself, but the pilot programs it and constantly makes adjustments to it.

Does the pilot-in-command have the right to allow a passenger to enter the cockpit during the flight?

No, a passenger is not allowed in the cockpit. This is strictly prohibited. Probably, you can let passengers into the cockpit after the plane has landed, but I don’t practice this.

How do pilots go to the toilet, is it necessary to take turns?

The pilots go to the toilet in turn. Moreover, when one of them leaves the cockpit, a flight attendant always comes in and waits there for the return of the absent pilot. This is done in order to avoid an emergency situation. For example, one pilot left, and the second remained. The door closed, and the one who remained, once - and died! And what to do next?

Where does the pilot's baggage go? Is it allowed to take it to the salon?

If we fly on a business trip and take a large suitcase with us, then our things fly along with the rest of the passengers' luggage, they are simply loaded last. And so, just a small bag flies in the cockpit, of course.

Is screening pilots different from how passengers are screened?

Pilots are screened in much the same way as passengers. Frame, pass, luggage clearance.

Can pilots smuggle cheese or other delicacies into Russia that fall under the food embargo?

Products? Of course they can. But then again, if we flew in from abroad and the customs considers that we were carrying a prohibited product, then they will seize it from us, with the expected consequences (a fine, for example).

What do pilots eat on a flight?

For the commander and co-pilot, different meals of approximately the same nutritional value are loaded on board. Different nutrition is needed so that in which case you do not get poisoned by a couple.

How do pilots land planes at night or in fog when nothing is visible?

If the weather conditions are very bad, then the landing is carried out automatically.

Will the passenger be able to land the plane?

A passenger will be able to land a plane if he is a pilot and works on approximately the same type of aircraft. If this is, say, a sports aviation pilot, then he has very little chance. The flight attendant won't land the plane. For co-pilots, flying is their job, and not all of them land on their own. What to say about a person from the outside?

I once specially arranged a competition among flight attendants of all airlines. The winner was the girl who was the only one who arrived three hours before the competition and we practiced with her. Here she is, with grief in half, managed to press the right buttons. The whole trick is that the one who will say what to do from the ground knows what to say, but it’s impossible to check whether the stewardess pressed the button! And they press incorrectly exactly every other time, although they pronounce everything correctly. They poke in the wrong place.

I explain, as always, on my fingers, why none of the above-named comrades will land a real plane.

All experiments were carried out on modern simulators, on which active pilots are trained to work out actions in emergency situations that may occur in real flight (or are trained during retraining or initial training for this type of aircraft).

Modern simulators really imitate real flight as much as possible (feelings of flight, sounds, some loads, views outside the window and even smells. Not to mention the reality of the cockpit, which is an absolute copy, with full functionality). flight, from a simulated one - impossible!

The situation that is played out in such experiments is the same.

First episode:

Somewhere in the endless sky flies passenger liner. Suddenly, passengers hear the somewhat agitated voice of a nice stewardess: “Dear ladies and gentlemen, we have a small problem. Nothing dangerous, it’s just that one of the pilots’ health has deteriorated, are there any of you, a doctor and a pilot?”

The doctor, as a rule, is, but with the pilot ... How lucky.

At this time, a young man was sitting at the window, who is fanatically fond of a computer simulator of exactly the same model of the aircraft on which he is currently flying. He sits and the whole flight revels in the fact that he knows and understands what every sound means, every moment of the flight and knows exactly what will happen in the next second. And now, after several minutes of silence in the cabin, he realizes that there is no pilot on board!

The hero stands up and says that he is ready to save the world!

The young man follows the conductor and, finding himself in the kitchen one on one with the pale conductors, finds out that it turns out that not one pilot became ill, but everyone died! The plane flies on autopilot and the fate of all people is now only in his “skillful hands” and in general everything now depends only on him!

This is the standard scenario of the situation, there are no others, or with slight variations.

So what? The idiot's dream came true, the hero finds himself in the cockpit of a real airliner flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters, full of living, human souls ...

This is where the fun begins.

So, the second series:

Man is a living being, and therefore subject to emotions, and this is his very weak side. This soulless computer does not care whether it is cold or hot, dark or light, hurting someone or not. A person, voluntarily or involuntarily, will react to any external stimulus. There are certainly “James Bonds” in life, but in order to become such, these people have been constantly in the conditions in which they suddenly found themselves for decades.

When an experiment is carried out on a simulator, the subject absolutely knows and understands that regardless of the result, he will still remain alive and unharmed. This is the strongest psychological stimulant that allows the subject to concentrate as much as possible on his actions, to be extremely attentive and assiduous.

It is quite another thing when a person finds himself in a real, deadly situation.

Once in a real cockpit, a real flying plane, any "James Bond" will be confused and lose most of his "inhuman" abilities. (No options, just trust me!)

A connection is established with the earth, it turns out who is driving and from the earth they begin to lead what needs to be done in order to still save the world and get the star of the hero. (and, of course, to save your own! And this is the first thing.

The one who sits on the ground and gives commands is a master of his craft. And so he begins to speak:
- Press the button there. Pressed? What do you see? Well done!
-Now turn this knob and put 245! Well done!
And so on, on, on.
The one who sits and says what to do knows this 100% But there is absolutely no way to check whether the one who is sitting in the cabin pressed the right button! There is no doubt that a person in a stressful situation will make a mistake ... ..

The aircraft is the most complex technical device. In order to fly an airplane, people learn for YEARS! They fly constantly. Entire institutes are developing procedures and technologies that will help eliminate the erroneous actions of pilots in the cockpit. Crew interaction schemes of cross mutual control have been devised, allowing pilots to avoid stress and maintain efficiency in any flight conditions. But! Pilots still make mistakes (professional pilots who have been in the sky for many years!) press the wrong buttons, lose control over each other, “mow” in one word… The consequences are known.

Look how beautifully masters play billiards. Watch 100,000 times how to hit correctly to pocket the ball, and then go get a cue and try to score. Will it work?

In order to be able to land the plane, even in the machine, it is not enough to know what and when to press. Hundreds of hours of real flights are needed in order to be psychologically prepared, to be calm and ready for any mode changes that may occur during the automatic approach (and they will arise - don’t go to the head!) Therefore, a simulator is one thing and a real aircraft is quite another (in which "skillful Simer"). Think about it.

The other day I watched the movie "Turbulence". In the film, after a shootout on a flight carrying prisoners, a flight attendant had to outsmart a serial killer and land the plane herself. Have there been cases when the pilots became incapacitated, and the flight attendants or passengers landed the plane?

Having some experience can be helpful, but not essential. But, however, it is quite possible to land the plane to someone other than the pilot. For example,

In July 1985, a passenger who had once flown an aircraft but was not certified was able to safely land a Cessna aircraft in Lansing, Michigan after the pilot suffered a heart attack and died mid-flight.

In February 2002, after just 48 hours of pilot training, a woman took the controls of a Cessna twin-engine aircraft while flying over Cape Cod after the pilot became insane as a result of an insulin reaction. Due to the fact that she was unable to contact anyone on the ground, she made a safe emergency landing of the aircraft near the runway so that no one on board was injured.

In 2009, a Florida man with 130 hours of piloting experience single-engine aircraft took over control of a twin-engine turboprop after the pilot died early in flight. The “rescuer”, whose wife and daughter were also on board, later stated that he had no idea how to fly a large passenger plane according to the instructions of the control center, but he nevertheless landed the plane successfully and safely.

Last April, when her husband collapsed while flying a Cessna plane in Wisconsin, 80-year-old Helen Collins, who had not taken the controls for decades, was able to contact the air traffic controller, and with his help, the plane made an emergency landing. without serious injury.

You ask me what about big passenger aircraft?

Here are some examples:

In November 2008, the co-pilot of an Air Canada Boeing 767 was tied up, sedated and forcibly removed from the cockpit due to a mental breakdown. There were no other pilots on board. In this regard, a flight attendant with piloting experience was placed in the co-pilot's seat to assist in an emergency landing in Shannon, Ireland.

In June 2010, a flight attendant with only 300 hours of experience flying a Cessna aircraft sat in the sick seat of the first pilot of an American Airlines Boeing 767 as it landed in Chicago.

In November 2012, a Lufthansa Boeing 747 en route from New York to Frankfurt made an unscheduled landing in Dublin after the first pilot suffered a severe migraine. The news attributed the heroic act to one of the passengers who helped land the plane. The Irish Independent newspaper described the event as a "miracle" in its articles. However, I want to note that the magical passenger helping to land the Boeing 767 was just an accident.

It is important to note that all of the suddenly emerging pilots had some experience in flying the aircraft, and in the cases of large passenger aircraft, they were not the only ones responsible for the successful landing of the aircraft. So, the question of whether an inexperienced passenger can land a plane without the help of another pilot remains open. Possibly and can.

In one of the 2007 episodes of the popular science program MythBusters, the presenters tested the probability of landing a passenger airliner using a NASA simulator. In the first test, they did everything themselves, in the second they followed the instructions of a licensed pilot on the radio. Let's leave the details, but I want to note that both attempts failed, but in the case when the TV presenters followed the instructions, they were able to land the plane without simulated human casualties.

Significant landing advantage passenger aircraft is that most large aircraft these days have an automatic landing capability that works through a combination of on-board electronics, runway lights and airport transmitters. The system is intended to assist pilots in case of poor visibility and can only be used under certain wind conditions. If these conditions are present, then the system works with a fairly high accuracy to two meters vertically and 13 feet (about 4 meters) sideways.

The odds of an automatic landing failure are estimated at one in 2 billion, but the same was said about the possibility of a financial crisis in 2008. Let's remember that in 2009 Boeing 737 airlines " Turkish Airlines"Crashed near Amsterdam at Schiphol Airport, which caused the death of nine people, and 120 were injured, during an automatic landing. Due to a faulty altimeter, the pilot made fatal errors. But don't panic. The likelihood that most passenger aircraft will be able to land successfully with minimal involvement of passengers or the remaining crew, provided the weather is right, is quite high.

Ordinary aircraft, in most cases, are not equipped with automatic landing systems, but despite this, accidents due to the incapacity of the pilot are quite rare. According to 2010 reports in the US, of 472 aircraft crashes, only seven were due to incapacitation by the pilots, and only two had anyone else on board other than the pilot. In other words, the likelihood that you will find yourself in a similar situation is very low, but if it happens, the chance that everything will work out well is quite high.

In contact with

Like in the "Crew", only for real!

Lyubov Klindukhova

Aloha, Maui! Plane roof blown off over Hawaii

Boeing 737-297, Aloha Airlines. April 28, 1988 Flight 243 Hilo - Honolulu (Hawaii)

Ride the fastest roller coaster in the world at Ferrari World Abu Dhabi at 240 km/h. But the passengers of this flight had to descend from a height of 7300 meters in a plane without a roof - with a hurricane wind in the face, at a speed of 530 km / h!

A short flight between the Hawaiian cities of Hilo and Honolulu was supposed to take only 35 minutes, but at the 23rd minute, when the airliner gained the required altitude, there was an explosive decompression, the cockpit door and the roof of the Boeing over the first six rows were simply demolished. The passengers were under open sky at a temperature of -45 °C. They had not yet had time to unfasten their seat belts, which saved their lives, but the flight attendants who served drinks were scattered around the cabin.

The pilot-in-command began an emergency descent to the recommended 3,000 m in case of cabin depressurization at a speed of more than 500 km/h. Now he could slow down to 390 km / h and head to the reserve Kahului airport on the island of Maui. It was possible to contact the ground services of the airport, on the runway, the liner in distress was waiting for the doctors and the fire brigade. On approach, the left engine failed. But 11 minutes after the incident in the sky, the commander landed the plane on one right engine.

All passengers survived. On the ground, the crew missed senior flight attendant Clarabelle Lansing. At the moment when part of the body of the aircraft was torn off, it was thrown into the sky by a powerful stream of air. The body of the stewardess was not found, in memory of her, a flowering garden was planted at the airport.

The Boeing 737-297, launched in 1969, was one of the oldest aircraft in the Aloha Airlines fleet. Corrosion and multiple damage to the metal of the fuselage were named among the causes of the accident. The air carrier fully admitted its guilt in improper maintenance of the vessel.

Pilot overboard. In the skies of England

BAC 1-11, British Airways. June 10, 1990 Flight 5390 Birmingham - Malaga (UK - Spain)

There is hardly a second person in the world who has had a chance to ride on the roof of an airplane. This was not done even by the most desperate Hollywood stuntmen.

Experienced aviator Tim Lancaster, with over 11,000 flight hours, was in command of the aircraft, while Alastair Atchinson was co-pilot on the flight. At 7.20 am the plane took off from Birmingham Airport and headed for sunny Spain.

Having lifted the plane into the air, the co-pilot handed over control to the commander. At 7.33 the plane was at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, the commander loosened his seat belts, and then there was a roar. The windshield from the side of the commander flew off in an unknown direction, and Tim Lancaster rushed after him, but his legs got stuck in the cockpit, and he himself was nailed by a wild wind to the body of the aircraft from the outside. Flight attendant Nigel Ogden grabbed the commander with both hands, preventing him from finally flying out the window.

The co-pilot began an emergency descent and transmitted a distress signal. The crew no longer believed that the commander was alive, but letting go, as it seemed to them, a lifeless body, was even more dangerous, since it could get into the engine and disable the aircraft.

So they flew to the nearest airport in Southampton. Frostbitten, with broken arms, but alive, the commander was removed from the plane. The flight attendant, who heroically held him throughout the flight, also had frostbite on his face. The rest of the crew and passengers were not injured. The commander, who survived the unprecedented flight, returned to the controls of the aircraft five months later.

Passengers and crew owe their extreme adventure to a mechanic who changed the glass on the plane on the eve of this flight. He screwed the glass with the wrong bolts, made a mistake literally by a millimeter in diameter.

Saint Elmo's fire. Flight in a cloud of volcanic ash over the island of Java

Boeing 747-236B, British Airways, June 24, 1982, flight 009 London - Auckland (New Zealand)

The Boeing 747-236B had a long flight from London to New Zealand Auckland with several stops in India, Malaysia and Australia.

A few minutes after the night departure from Kuala Lumpur, something ominous began to happen to the plane. The saloon was filled with smoke. Smoking was not prohibited on board at that time, but the flight attendants could not find any smoking passengers or sources of ignition, and in the meantime the smoke was getting denser.

The windows in the cockpit were covered with flickering sparks. This phenomenon is known as St. Elmo's fire and can be observed on the wings of an airplane during a thunderstorm, but the weather radar did not indicate a thunderstorm front. The crew nevertheless turned on the de-icers and the “fasten seat belts” signal. The fact that the phenomenon appears not only in a thunderstorm, but also when it enters a cloud of volcanic ash, the pilots did not know. A flickering white light engulfed the entire airliner, and passengers could see flames erupting from the engines.

"Ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain of the ship. We have a small problem. All four engines stopped. We are doing our best to relaunch them. I hope this doesn't cause you too much trouble," pilot-in-command Eric Moody announced in a deadpan tone.

The co-pilot and flight engineer tried many times to restart the engines, but to no avail. In such a situation, the pilots could only rely on the aerodynamics of the aircraft: the liner flew 15 kilometers, losing one kilometer of altitude. Ahead were the mountain ranges and volcanoes of the island of Java, which had to be passed at a height of at least three and a half thousand meters. If the altitude cannot be maintained, then you will have to make an emergency landing in the Indian Ocean.

At an altitude of 4100 meters, the fourth engine suddenly started working, and the rest came to life behind it. The plane was able to fly mountain range and land at Jakarta airport. 248 passengers and 15 crew members landed unharmed on the erupting island.

On the ground, it turned out that the airliner had fallen into an ash cloud from the Galunggung volcano. On the island, 68 people died during the eruption, more than 60 thousand were evacuated. After the incident with the Boeing, it became clear how dangerous volcanic ash is for aircraft. Information about volcanic eruptions began to be promptly transmitted to aviation services.

Commander, only the Neva will save us!

Tu-124, Aeroflot, August 21, 1963, flight Tallinn - Moscow

Throughout history, there have been only a few cases where the crew and passengers remained alive when landing an airliner on the water. One of the first to do this was the pilots Viktor Mostovoy and Vasily Chechenov, who urgently splashed down the Tu-124 on the Neva in Leningrad.

On a brand new Tu-124, when taking off from Tallinn, the front landing gear jammed. And on the runway they found a dropped bolt. No matter how the crew tried to knock out the jammed landing gear by punching a hole in the fuselage, nothing helped. And without the landing gear, the plane can fall on its side during landing and crash.

They were not allowed to return to Tallinn, citing fog. An order was received from ground services to run out of fuel and land the plane in Pulkovo (at that time the Shosseinaya airport was called) on an emergency unpaved runway. The landing was personally led by the airport's flight director Georgy Narbut.

Commander Viktor Mostovoy circled around the city until there was just enough fuel left to fly to the airport. The engine suddenly stalled. No fuel! And the instruments show that it is still enough. From the ground, a direct flight over the city to the airfield is allowed. Above the Admiralty, the second engine stalled. "Commander, only the Neva will save us!" - Shouted to Mostovoy co-pilot Vasily Chechenov. He served in the Marine military aviation and often landed planes on the water in a storm. Mostovoy instantly entrusted him with the landing.

The plane flew a few meters over the Alexander Nevsky bridge under construction (the workers jumped into the water) and landed between the Bolsheokhtinsky and Finlandsky bridges. From the moment the second engine stalled to splashdown on the Neva, 14 seconds passed. 45 passengers and 7 crew members got off the plane alive. A crowd of onlookers decided that they were making a movie!

The fault for the crash landing was initially placed on the pilots. Soviet technology could not act up: for the Tupolev design bureau, this could disrupt contracts for large sums. For two months, examinations were carried out, it was established that the instruments showed correctly, there really was fuel, but it did not enter the engines: when turning at a certain angle and speed, an air funnel forms in the tanks.

Information about the flight was classified, but foreign media trumpeted the feat of the pilots to the whole world, and the country's leadership had to present the crew for awards.

Tu-154, September 7, 2010, flight 516 Polyarny - Moscow

In the heyday small aviation, when there were no roads in the northern outback, but planes flew to each village, the taiga airport in Izhma received flights every day from Ukhta and Syktyvkar. Later, lost somewhere in the taiga and excluded from all navigation guides, the airport was closed and used only as a helipad.

However, the former head of the airport, Sergei Sotnikov, continued to maintain the airfield in order - he made sure that there was no debris, he drove drivers who strove to leave the tractor on the runway. And once a Tu-154 in distress with 72 passengers and 9 crew members on board successfully landed here.

The Tu-154 took off from the Polyarny airport in Yakutia and was heading to Moscow. Three and a half hours later, at an altitude of 10,600 meters, the aircraft lost power, the fuel pumps failed, the autopilot, navigation, and communications failed. The alarm about the critical remaining fuel was activated, the landing had to be completed within 30 minutes. The nearest airport, in Ukhta, is too far to fly on the rest of the fuel.

We descended to three thousand meters, passed through the clouds and saw: taiga is everywhere. Then flashed the village of Izhma, a river. The pilots were ready to try to land even on the edge of a forest or a vegetable garden. And suddenly the plane swept over the concrete strip, while the pilots had no data on the airport in this area. They made several circles over the runway that appeared out of nowhere, assessed its condition and decided to land. For the Tu-154, the runway was too short, and the plane rolled out a little beyond it, into the forest. The entire village of Izhma gathered around the liner that had fallen from the sky, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and fire engines arrived.

The pilots opened the window, leaves from the trees fell into the cockpit, and only then did they begin to realize that everything could have ended much worse.

Thanks for the safe landing should have been Sergei Sotnikov, who for many years supported runway closed airport in good condition. In 2010, he became a laureate of the Vladimir Vysotsky "Own Track" Prize - for fidelity to duty, professionalism and personal courage.

Companion. Bloody drama on board

Airliner McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30F, April 7, 1994, flight DX705 Memphis - San Jose (USA)

Oborne Calloway, a former military pilot and now a FedEx cargo flight engineer, was terrified of being fired from his job and leaving his family without money (he lied about previous flying experience on his resume, and this was about to be revealed). He decided not to wait for his dismissal, but to die at work: in this case, his ex-wife and children would have a chance at the maximum insurance - $ 2.5 million. To do this, he needed to deal with his crew and crash the plane.

He planned everything, but the day before his team exceeded the flight hours, and the crew on the flight was replaced. Calloway didn't back down and flew off in a reclining seat in the cargo hold - such passengers are called fellow travelers in the company. With a guitar case containing hammers and a harpoon, he took his seat on the plane.

30 minutes after takeoff, Calloway attacked the crew. All three were hit by the hammers: aircraft commander David Sanders, co-pilot James Tucker and flight engineer Andrew Peterson. Tucker, with a fractured skull, held the plane in the sky while the other two tried to pin down Auborn Calloway. The pilot turned the nose of the car up, the battle rolled into the cargo hold. Only now did he manage to turn the car back to Memphis, contact the dispatchers and inform that the crew needed military intervention during landing to capture the armed criminal. Bloody footprints are everywhere in the cargo hold, but Sanders and Peterson managed to restrain the criminal until the plane landed.

Passengers on a flight from New York to Seattle had to endure an emergency splashdown on the Hudson River after an Airbus A320 was attacked by a flock of gray geese. Less than a minute after takeoff, the plane staggered, passengers saw flames bursting from the engines. The geese roasted in the engines put them out of action.

The commander of the aircraft, former military officer Chesley Sullenberger, informed the controller about the collision with a flock of birds and transmitted a distress signal. Seconds later, it became clear that he would not be able to keep the car in the air and make it to the runway. Risky, but the only way to save the crew and 150 passengers was to land on the Hudson.

The pilot turned the plane from north to south, glided onto the river without hitting any cargo ferries or the Washington Bridge, and splashed down in front of the busy 42nd Street of Manhattan. Grey-haired, but alive, the passengers climbed onto the wings of the plane. Aviation industry professionals and the press called the incident "the miracle over the Hudson."

Extra passenger. Landing with two fighters

Boeing 767, Condor Airlines, August 28, 2015, flight Las Vegas - Frankfurt

Now you can exhale and unfasten your seat belts. There will be no erupting volcanoes, no stalled engines, no pilots overboard. Only a cat, a hysterical model and two fighter jets.

Model Dashenka Giraldo and her cat became the reason emergency landing aircraft escorted by two fighters. The girl was furious when the flight attendants took away her pet, who was flying not in a special container, but in a bag, and locked him in the toilet. The passenger demanded that the cat be returned because he could not fly in such unbearable conditions. The flight attendants politely refused, after which the girl threatened to crash the plane, citing her close ties to the mafia.

After such statements, two fighters were lifted into the air from the US Air Force Base in Colorado. They escorted the aircraft to landing in Denver. The plane was met at the airport by representatives of the FBI, connections with the mafia were not confirmed, and the air brawler was released in peace.

The passenger plane took off, gained altitude, collided with birds, which caused the engines to catch fire, and then what experts called a miracle happened. The pilot masterfully landed the liner on the river.

Reporting by Anton Voitsekhovsky.

What journalists later called the "Hudson miracle" at first looked more like a nightmare. When the passengers of Flight 1549 saw through the windows the rapidly approaching water, many thought that this was the end.

The victim: "It was a hard landing. In my opinion, there was no one who would not hit his head. I saw how the passengers in the neighboring seats were bleeding. It later became clear that everyone escaped with bruises and cuts. And then it was very scary" .

It was a normal mid-range flight. Departing from New York's LaGuardia Airport, he was supposed to land in the city of Charlotte. But a few minutes after takeoff, the captain reported that birds had hit both engines and could not be restarted.

In the dry language of pilots, such a landing is called an "emergency landing on the water."

Safe landing, professional actions of the crew... But, above all, it was a rare success. After all, in an emergency, and most importantly without harm to passengers, to land on the water, this was rarely possible in the history of aviation. Flight 1549, after splashing down, remained afloat for another hour and a half before the arrival of rescuers. This means that the fuselage was not damaged by the impact. And the passengers had enough time to leave the plane.

Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York: "I personally spoke with the pilot. He had a difficult task, and he coped with it brilliantly. Mr. Chelsea Selenberger walked around the cabin twice after the passengers were evacuated, and how the real captain was the last to leave the ship. From On behalf of all New Yorkers, I thank him."

The most terrible thing in an emergency landing on water is a blow. After all, the plane actually landed on an uneven surface.

There are few examples of successful landings. For example, these are the splashdown of a Japanese airlines plane in 1968 near San Francisco and the accident in 1972, when a Tu-134 plane landed in glide mode in the Moscow Sea. But the most unique case occurred in 1963.

It was a landing that entered aviation textbooks. The Tu-124's engines failed over the city. Having glided over three bridges, the crew commander Viktor Mostovoy was able to land the plane directly into the Neva. Close to Finland railway bridge. Not a single passenger was hurt.

By analogy with America, it was the Neva miracle. This case was silent for a long time, but all the pilots of all passenger aircraft know about it.

So the captain of flight 1549 Chelsea Sellinberg, directing the plane to the Hudson, confirmed the main law of aviation: the death of an aircraft or its rescue is equally strongly influenced by the human factor.