Every adult in the depths of his soul has a memory of a bright balloon bursting into the sky. Perhaps that is why even now the donated ball gives a good mood and a smile.

The balloon is an indispensable attribute of birthdays, weddings and any other celebrations. And it is absolutely impossible to imagine a children's holiday without it. What is its magic? Maybe in the aspiration to rise, in the ease with which he rises to the sky?

balloon magic

Modern balloons that can fly are filled with gas. Its density is much less than the density of air, which allows it to fly higher and higher. The gas, which has a lower density, fills the internal space of the ball and the buoyant force of the air acts on it.

The most common balloons can be inflated by mouth. But such balls cannot fly upward, since the density of carbon dioxide exhaled by a person is lower than the density of air. They need wind to fly. But light gas allows the ball to rush up on its own.

How the balloon learned to fly

History of appearance balloons is over one hundred years old. There are references to sacks made of the skin of bulls dressed by Karelian craftsmen, filled with warm gas, with the help of which they moved over short distances. These testimonies date back to the 12th century, but scientists have not found exact confirmation of their truth.

And here is the documented chronicle of the birth of balloons:

1. The great-grandfathers of balloons were the results of an experiment by Michael Faraday, as a result of which he created rubber bags filled with hydrogen. It was they who began to be used as holiday decorations, flying in the air to the delight of people.
2. A year later, DIY kits appeared on sale, which are a tube of liquid rubber and a can of gas. Children received their first inflatable toys.
3. In 1922, a misfortune occurred, which, nevertheless, contributed to the development of the "ball" industry. During a city holiday balloons filled with hydrogen exploded. Since then, dangerous combustible gas has ceased to be used and absolutely safe helium has been connected to entertainment.
4. 1931 was the year of the birth of latex balloons. Now it has become possible to create balls of various shapes for the delight of children.

Now balls are produced not only from latex, but also from foil - of various shapes and sizes. For inflation, helium or a mixture of helium and air is used, which guarantees complete safety and gives the balloons the ability to fly far into the sky.

Balloons rise up because the gas that fills them is lighter than the surrounding air. Many gases, in particular hydrogen and helium, have a lower density than air. This means that at a given temperature they have less mass per unit volume than air.

When such light gases are pumped into a balloon, it will rise until the total weight of the gas envelope, basket, weight, and cables is less than the weight of the air displaced by the balloon. (Since air is considered in physics like a liquid medium, the same law applies here as for bodies immersed in a liquid.) Hot air, which has a lower density than cold air, also rises. Although hot air is not as light as some gases, it is safer and more easily produced by propane burners mounted under the neck of the balloon's shell, which is usually made of lightweight fabric such as reinforced nylon. filled with hot air Balloons usually remain in flight for several hours, but without additional heating of the air inside the shell, they will gradually lose altitude.

Molecules at different temperatures

• When the air is cold, the molecules move slowly and are close to each other.
• When the air warms up,molecules begin to move faster and diverge to the sides, filling a larger volume.
• Since the heated aircontinues to expand, it becomes less dense.
• When the air is cooledmolecules lose their speed, volume decreases and density increases.

1. The balloon lies on its side. Propane burners heat the air inside the shell, which causes it to inflate and rise up.
2. Hot, light air (picture below the text) rises inside the shell and then flows down along its walls. Cold air is squeezed out through the neck, the weight of the shell with air decreases and the balloon rises.
3. Pilots maintain or increase flight altitude by periodically turning on the burners. As long as the air inside the shell is hotter than the outside, the lifting force overcomes the force of attraction.
4. The balloon descends as the air that fills it cools and contracts. Pilots can accelerate their descent by venting hot air through a hole in the top of the balloon.

Interaction of pressure, volume and temperature

Interdependence of three parameters. The pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are interrelated. At room temperature (near figure on the right), the movement of gas molecules inside the vessel creates a certain pressure. If the volume is > less than half (middle figure on the right), the internal pressure doubles. When air is heated (far right), its pressure increases and its volume increases in proportion to the increase in temperature.

What do you associate the holiday with? Fun, tasty treats, and, of course, air balloons! It seems that picking up balls is quite simple, but it is not. In this article, you will find some tips to help you make balloons one of the main "highlights" of the upcoming celebration.

If you want to surprise the hero of the occasion with an unusual bouquet and think that natural flowers are too banal, order a bouquet made from balloons. Such a bouquet will not wither for a very long time and, of course, the person who is intended will certainly like it!

Balloons can be a wonderful decoration for a wedding. They will look great not only in the form of arches or wall compositions: you can make the balls one of the main "characters" of the holiday. For example, a helium balloon with confetti will be very effective, which will burst at the right time, for example, during the first dance.

Helium filled balloons will help you very effectively present any small and fairly light gift. For example, if you put them in a huge box tied with a bow, then as soon as the ribbon is untied, the balls will slowly pull the gift out of the box. Remember: the lifting force of one ball is approximately 1.5 grams! If the thing you want to give as a gift weighs too much, it is not necessary to tie it - in any case, such a presentation will be remembered for a long time by all participants of the holiday!

If the celebration will be celebrated in summer time of the year, It is worth remembering that the balls should be chosen in light shades. This is due to the fact that ultraviolet has a destructive effect on latex, which means that the surface of the balls must reflect light.

To keep the balls as long as possible in bright sunlight, you can inflate one balloon inside the second: the inner one will maintain the desired shape, and the outer one will take on the destructive effect of light rays.

Do not buy balls in advance: latex deteriorates quite quickly when overheated or hypothermia, and it is far from always possible to maintain the optimal temperature regime.

It is not recommended to use balls in rooms where temperature changes often occur. This is due to the fact that the air or helium that the balloons are filled with quickly loses its original volume when the temperature changes. The balls will begin to deflate, and instead of delighting the guests, their appearance will evoke a slight melancholy.

If you need a composition of balloons to retain its original appearance for as long as possible, use the balloon foiling service. Of course, foil balloons are more expensive than regular balloons, but they do not deflate or deform within 10-14 days. These balloons are perfect for children's parties: kids can take the balloons home and use them as toys for a long time to come! You can also order balloons treated with a special polymer composition that “seales” the pores in the latex, thereby extending the flight time. Processed balloons will delight you up to two to three times longer than ordinary ones.

Balls can be a replacement for flying lanterns, which are far from safe and can cause fires. You can order special luminous balls: if you release them into the sky at the moment of the culmination of the holiday, the spectacle will be quite spectacular.

If you plan to decorate the room with helium balloons, choose latex or foil balloons. Moreover, if the balls will float under the ceiling, it is better to choose round balls without drawings, which no one will see anyway.

If you want your holiday to be decorated with the brightest balloons, opt for latex.

Want to decorate the hood of your wedding car with balloons? It’s better to give up this idea: such a “composition” will last no more than one hour of driving, and if the car accelerates to 50 kilometers per hour, the balls will immediately burst.

If you're planning on giving the holiday some 'crazyness', then you can use helium balloons for other purposes. Helium, when inhaled, changes the voice of a person in a rather funny way, while it is completely harmless to health. Do you want your wedding video to be truly original? Let the guests say their congratulations after inhaling helium into their lungs!

If you decide that balloons will be the best decoration for the upcoming celebration, then you are not mistaken! Bright and light balls will soar above the guests like butterflies, creating a wonderful festive mood. Use the above tips and ideas - and the balloons will delight you even longer, and make the holiday more memorable and original!