In the footsteps of the "White Indians..."

The question of white and bearded people in pre-Columbian America has not yet been resolved, and it is on this that I am now concentrating my attention. For the sake of clarifying this problem, I crossed the Atlantic on the papyrus boat "Ra-II" ... I believe that here we are dealing with one of the earliest cultural impulses from the African-Asian region of the Mediterranean. I think the most likely candidate for this role is the mysterious "peoples of the sea" ...

Today, no serious researcher would argue that there are white and dark Indians, differing in their origin. There are no white Indians in America.

L.A. Fainberg, Soviet Americanist

An unknown Indian tribe was discovered by an expedition of the Brazilian National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) in the state of Para in northern Brazil. The white-skinned blue-eyed Indians of this tribe, living in a dense tropical forest, are skillful fishermen and fearless hunters. To further study the way of life of the new tribe, the expedition members, led by a specialist in the problems of Brazilian Indians, Raimundo Alves, intend to conduct a detailed study of the life of this tribe.

The Lost Expedition

When the German traveler of the last century, Heinrich Barth, first discovered rock carvings of moisture-loving animals in the Sahara and told about it in Europe, he was ridiculed. After another German researcher, Karl Mauch, shared his impressions of the giant structures of Zimbabwe with colleagues, he was surrounded by a wall of cold silence and distrust. The Englishman Percy Fossett, who traveled around Brazil at the beginning of our century, would have had the same ungrateful fate if he had not ... disappeared forever in the jungle, leaving only a book of travel notes. The brave traveler's younger contemporaries called it "Unfinished Journey"...

Page 133 of Fossett's diary: "White Indians live on Kari," the manager told me. who said this, but nevertheless went by boat and found unmistakable traces of their presence.

Then he and his men were attacked by tall, handsome, well-built savages, they had pure white skin, red hair and blue eyes. They fought like devils, and when my brother killed one of them, the rest took the body and ran away."

Re-reading the comments to the diaries, one becomes bitterly convinced of how deeply distrust of eyewitness accounts, in particular travelers, has penetrated into people's minds over the past decades. However, this can be understood - too many fakes and hoaxes were born during this time that discredited the true state of this or that issue. Fossett is not believed. Rather, they believe, but very few. Perhaps this can be explained by the mystery and seeming unreality of the events described in the book?... "Here again I heard stories about white Indians. I knew a man who met such an Indian," the British consul told me. "These Indians are completely wild, and it is believed that they come out only at night. That is why they are called "bats." "Where do they live? I asked. “Somewhere in the Lost Goldfields, either north or northwest of the Diamantinu River. Nobody knows their exact location. Mato Grosso is a very poorly explored country, no one has yet penetrated the mountainous regions in the north ... Perhaps in a hundred years flying machines will be able to do this, who knows?

Flying cars were able to do this in three decades. In 1930, flying over the Gran Saban areas, American pilot Jimmy Angel discovered huge unknown sinkholes in the ground and a giant waterfall. And this is in an age when, as it is believed, all corners of the Earth have already been discovered and explored ...

"Guess" von Däniken

It all started with Columbus. “My messengers report,” he wrote on November 6, 1492, “that after a long march they found a village for 1000 inhabitants. The locals met them with honors, settled them in the most beautiful houses, took care of their weapons, kissed their hands and feet, trying to make them understand in any way that they (the Spaniards) are white people who came from God. About 50 residents asked my messengers to take them with them to heaven to the star gods. "This is the first mention of the worship of white gods among the Indians of America. "They (the Spaniards) could do whatever they wanted, and no one interfered with them; they cut jade, melted gold, and Quetzalcoatl stood behind all this ... "- wrote one Spanish chronicler after Columbus.

Countless legends of the Indians of both Americas tell that white bearded people once landed on the shores of their country. They brought to the Indians the foundations of knowledge, laws, the whole civilization. They arrived in large, strange ships with swan wings and luminous hulls. Coming ashore, the ships disembarked people - blue-eyed and fair-haired - in robes of coarse black material, in short gloves. They had snake-shaped ornaments on their foreheads. This legend has survived almost unchanged to this day. The Aztecs and Toltecs of Mexico called the white god Quetzalcoatl, the Incas - Kon-Tiki Viracocha, for the Chibcha he was Bochika, and for the Maya - Kukulkai... Scientists have been working on this problem for many years. Extensive data on the oral traditions of the Indian tribes of Central and South America, archaeological evidence and materials from medieval Spanish chronicles have been collected. Hypotheses are born and die...

The Swiss writer Erich von Däniken, well-known to the reader, also, of course, could not pass over such an attractive topic in silence and made it work for him. “The white deities of the Indians are, of course, aliens from outer space,” Deniken said without a shadow of a doubt and cited several legends to confirm. Indeed, these legends (too long to be quoted here) contain, like any product of folklore, elements of fantasy, and it was not difficult for such a venerable interpreter and "interpreter" of legends as Deniken to lead them into the direction he needed. But let's not deal with this dubious business together with Deniken. We have a hard job ahead of us - to leaf through the notes of Spanish chroniclers, listen to some legends and delve into the mountains of archaeological finds that confirm the legends and chronicles. Let's try to understand this problem from earthly positions.

The success of the conquistadors

The letter of Columbus clearly shows the reverence and reverence that was shown to the first Spaniards on American soil. The powerful Aztec civilization with an excellent military organization and a population of many millions gave way to a few Spaniards. In 1519, the detachment of Cortes freely walked through the jungle, rising to the capital of the Aztecs. He was almost not hindered ....

Pizarro's troops also made use of the delusions of the Incas as best they could. The Spaniards broke into the temple in Cuzco, where there were golden and marble statues of white gods, smashed and trampled on decorations, marveling at the strange behavior of the Incas. They, the Spaniards, offered no resistance. The people of Peru came to their senses too late...

The details of the conquest are well described in many books and there is no point in dwelling on them. But far from everywhere there are attempts to somehow explain the incomprehensible behavior of the Indians.

The Aztec priests calculated that the White God, who left them in the year of Ke-Acatl, would return in the same "special" year, which repeated every 52 years. By a strange coincidence, Cortes landed on the American coast just at the time of the change of cycles determined by the priests. In terms of clothing, he also almost completely "coincided" with the legendary god. And it is clear that the Indians did not at all doubt the divine affiliation of the conquistadors. And when they doubted, it was already too late.

Another interesting fact. The Aztec ruler Montezuma sent one of his dignitaries (history has preserved his name - Tendile or Teutlil) to Cortes with a gift - a headdress filled with gold. When the envoy poured out jewelry in front of the Spaniards and everyone crowded to look, Tendile noticed among the conquistadors a man in a helmet trimmed with the thinnest gold plates. The helmet hit Tendile. When Cortés offered him to bring a return gift to Montezuma, Tendile begged him to give only one thing - the helmet of that warrior: "I must show it to the ruler, because this helmet looks exactly like the one that the white god once put on." Cortes gave him the helmet with the wish that it be returned filled with gold... To understand the Indians, we need to travel in time and space - to Polynesia of the first centuries of our era.

Procession of the Bearded Gods

Modern scientists agree that the racial identity of the Polynesians is still unclear. Despite the fact that they owe their origin to two, and perhaps several, mixed races, among them to this day there are often people with pronounced dolicocephaly (long-headed) and light, like in southern Europeans, pigmentation. Now, throughout Polynesia, the so-called Arab-Semitic type (Heyerdahl's term) with a straight nose, thin lips and straight red hair has been found. These features were noted by the first European travelers all the way from Easter Island to New Zealand, so it is impossible to speak of any late mixing with Europeans in this case. People of this strange type, called "uru-keu" by the Polynesians, descended, in their opinion, from the ancient fair-skinned and white-haired "race of gods" who originally inhabited the islands.

On Easter Island, the most distant piece of land from Polynesia and closest to America, legends have been preserved that the ancestors of the islanders came from a desert country in the East and reached the island after sailing 60 days towards the setting sun. Today's islanders - a racially mixed population - claim that some of their ancestors had white skin and red hair, while the rest were dark-skinned and black-haired. This was witnessed by the first Europeans who visited the island. When a Dutch ship first visited Easter Island in 1722, a white man boarded among other inhabitants, and the Dutch recorded the following about the rest of the islanders: “Among them there are dark brown, like the Spaniards, and completely white people, and some the skin is generally red, as if it was burned by the sun ... "

From early reports collected in 1880 by Thompson, it became known that the country, located, according to legend, 60 days' journey to the east, was also called the "burial place". The climate there was so hot that people died and plants withered. To the west of Easter Island, all the way to Southeast Asia, there is nothing that could fit this description: the coasts of all the islands are covered with a wall of rainforest. But in the east, where the inhabitants pointed out, lie the coastal deserts of Pepy, and nowhere else in the region Pacific Ocean there is no place that better fits the descriptions of the legend than the Peruvian coast, both in climate and in name. Numerous graves are located along the deserted coast of the Pacific Ocean. The dry climate has allowed today's scientists to study in detail the bodies buried there. According to initial assumptions, the mummies located there should have given the researchers an exhaustive answer to the question: what was the type of the ancient pre-Inca population of Peru? However, the mummies did the opposite - they only asked riddles. Having opened the graves, anthropologists discovered there types of people who had not yet met in ancient America. In 1925, archaeologists discovered two large necropolises on the Paracas Peninsula in the southern part of the central Peruvian coast. Hundreds of mummies of ancient dignitaries lay in the burial. Radiocarbon analysis determined their age - 2200 years. Near the graves, the researchers found large amounts of fragments of hardwoods that were commonly used to build rafts. When the mummies were opened, they revealed a striking difference from the main physical type of the ancient Peruvian population.

Here is what the American anthropologist Stuart wrote then: "It was a selected group of large people, absolutely not typical of the population of Peru." While Stewart studied their bones, M. Trotter analyzed the hair of nine mummies. According to her, their color is generally red-brown, but in some cases the samples gave a very light, almost golden hair color. The hair of the two mummies was generally different from the rest - they curled. Further, Trotter established that the shape of the hair cut in different mummies is different, and almost all forms are found in the burial ... Another indicator is the thickness of the hair. "It is smaller here than in the rest of the Indians, but not as small as in the average European population (for example, the Dutch)." Trotter herself, a supporter of the "homogeneous" population of America, tried to justify such an unexpected observation for herself by saying that death changes the shape of hair. But this is what another authority in this field, the Englishman Dawson, objected to her: “I believe that after death, there are no significant changes in hair. Curly ones remain curly, smooth ones are just as smooth. After death, they become brittle, but color there is no change."

Francisco Pizarro wrote about the Incas: "The ruling class in the Peruvian kingdom was light-skinned, the color of ripe wheat. Most of the nobles were surprisingly like the Spaniards. In this country I met an Indian woman so fair-skinned that I was amazed. Neighbors call these people - the children of the gods ..."

It can be assumed that these layers adhered to strict endogamy and spoke a special language. There were 500 such members of the royal families by the arrival of the Spaniards. Chroniclers report that eight rulers of the Inca dynasty were white and bearded, and their wives were "white as an egg." One of the chroniclers, Garcillaco de la Vega, the son of an Inca queen, left an impressive description of how once, when he was still a child, another dignitary took him to the royal tomb. Ondegardo (that was his name) showed the boy one of the rooms of the palace in Cuzco, where several mummies lay along the wall. Ondegardo said they were former Inca emperors and he saved their bodies from decay. By chance the boy stopped in front of one of the mummies. Her hair was white as snow. Ondegardo said it was the mummy of the White Inca, the 8th ruler of the Sun. Since it is known that he died at a young age, the whiteness of his hair can in no way be explained by gray hair ...

Comparing the data on the light-pigmented element in America and Polynesia with the legends of Easter Island about their homeland in the East, it can be assumed that white-skinned people went from America to Polynesia (and not vice versa, as some researchers believe). One of the proofs of this is the similar custom of mummification of the bodies of the dead in Polynesia and South America and its complete absence in Indonesia. Having spread on the shores of Peru, the method of mummification of the nobility was transferred by migrants (white?) to the scattered and unsuitable islets of Polynesia. Two mummies recently found in a cave in the Hawaiian Islands "demonstrated" in detail all the details of this custom in ancient Peru...

So the white deities of the Indians lived in Peru? A superficial acquaintance with the huge and multi-genre literature on the history of Peru is enough to find many references to bearded and white-skinned Indian gods...

Already mentioned by us, Pizarro and his people, robbing and breaking the Inca temples, left detailed descriptions their actions. In the temple of Cuzco, wiped off the face of the earth, there was a huge statue depicting a man in a long robe and sandals, "exactly the same as that painted by Spanish artists at home" ...

In the temple built in honor of Viracocha, the great god Kon-Tiki Viracocha also stood - a man with a long beard and proud posture, in a long robe. A contemporary of the events wrote that when the Spaniards saw this statue, they thought that St. Bartholomew had reached Peru and the Indians created a monument in memory of this event. The conquistadors were so amazed by the strange statue that they did not immediately destroy it, and the temple for a while passed the fate of other similar structures. But soon its fragments were dragged away in different directions by poor peasants.

Exploring the territory of Peru, the Spaniards also stumbled upon huge metal structures of pre-Inca times, which also lay in ruins. “When I asked the local Indians who built these ancient monuments,” wrote the Spanish chronicler Cieza de Leon in 1553, “they answered that it was made by another people, bearded and white-skinned, like us Spaniards. These people arrived, long before the Incas and settled here. How strong and tenacious this legend is, confirms the testimony of the Peruvian archaeologist Valcarcel, who 400 years after de Leon heard from the Indians who lived near the ruins that "these structures were created by a foreign people, white like Europeans." Lake Titicaca turned out to be in the very center of the "activity" of the white god Viracocha, for all the evidence agrees on one thing - there, on the lake, and in the neighboring city of Tiahuanaco, there was a residence of the god. "They also said," continues Leon, "that in the past centuries, on the lake, on the island of Titicaca, a people lived, white, like us, and one local leader named Kari with his people came to this island and waged war against this people and many killed..."

In a special chapter of his chronicle devoted to the ancient structures of Tiahuanaco, Leon says the following: “I asked the locals if these structures were created during the time of the Incas. They laughed at my question and stated that they knew for sure that all this was done long before the power Incas. They saw bearded men on the island of Titicaca. They were people of a subtle mind, who came from an unknown country, and there were few of them, and many of them were killed in wars ... "

When the Frenchman Bandelier 350 years later began excavations in these places, the legends were still alive. He was told that in ancient times the island was inhabited by people similar to Europeans, they married local women, and their children became Incas ... "Information collected in various regions of Peru differs only in details ... Monk Garcillaso asked his royal uncle about the early history of Peru, he replied: "Nephew, I will gladly answer your question and what I say, you will forever keep in your heart. Know, then, that in ancient times this entire area known to you was covered with forest and thickets, and people lived like wild animals - without religion and power, without cities and houses, without tilling the land and without clothes, because they did not know how to make fabrics. to sew a dress. They lived in twos or threes in caves or rock crevices, in grottoes underground. They ate turtles and roots, fruits and human flesh. They covered their bodies with leaves and animal skins.

They lived like beasts and treated women like animals too, because they didn’t know how to live each with one woman ... "De Leon adds Garcillazo: "Immediately after this, a white man of high stature appeared and he had great authority. They say that in many villages he taught people how to live normally. Everywhere they called him the same - Tikki Viracocha. And in honor of him they built temples and erected statues in them ... "

When the chronicler Betanzos, who took part in the first Peruvian campaigns of the Spaniards, asked the Indians what Viracocha looked like, they replied that he was tall, in a white robe to the heels, his hair was fixed on his head with a tonsure, he walked importantly and held something in his hands. something like a prayer book. Where did Viracocha come from? There is no single answer to this question. “Many believe that his name is Inga Viracocha, and it means “sea foam,” notes the chronicler Zarate. Gomara, on the other hand, claims that, according to the stories of the old Indians, he led his people across the sea.

The most common name Kon-Tiki Viracocha consists of three names for the same white deity. In pre-Inca times it was known along the coast as Kon and inland as Tikki. But when, with the coming to power of the Incas, their language (Quechua) spread throughout the region, the Incas learned that these two names refer to the same deity, which they themselves called Viracocha. And then all three names were connected ...

The legends of the Chimu Indians tell that a white deity came from the north, from the sea, and then rose to Lake Titicaca. The "humanization" of Viracocha is most clearly manifested in those legends where various purely earthly qualities are attributed to him - they call him smart, cunning, kind, but at the same time they call him the Son of the Sun ...

Many legends agree that he sailed on reed boats to the shores of Lake Titicaca and created the megalithic city of Tiahuanaco. From here he sent bearded ambassadors to all parts of Peru to teach people and say that he is their creator. But, in the end, dissatisfied with the behavior of the inhabitants, he decided to leave their lands. Throughout the vast Inca empire, until the arrival of the Spaniards, the Indians unanimously named the path along which Viracocha and his associates left. They descended to the Pacific coast and sailed west along the sea with the sun. As we can see, they went towards Polynesia, and came from the north...

In the north of the Inca state, in the mountains of Colombia, lived Chibcha, another mysterious people who reached the arrival of the Spaniards. high level culture. Their legends also contain information about the white teacher Bochik. Its description is the same as that of the Incas. He ruled over them for many years and was also called Sua, meaning "sun" in local dialects. He came to them from the east...

To the east of the Chibcha region, in Venezuela and neighboring areas, we again come across evidence of the presence of a mysterious wanderer. He was called there Tsuma (or Sume) and was reported to have taught them agriculture. According to one of the legends, he ordered all people to gather around a high rock, stood on it and told them the laws and instructions. Having lived with people, he left them.

The Kuna Indians live immediately north of Colombia and Venezuela in the area of ​​today's Panama Canal. They preserved reports that after a severe flood someone came and taught people crafts. With him were several young associates who spread his teachings.

Farther north, in Mexico, the high civilization of the Aztecs was flourishing by the time of the Spanish invasion. From Anahuac (modern Texas) to the Yucatan, the Aztecs spoke of the white god Quetzalcoatl. According to legend, he was the fifth ruler of the Toltecs, came from the land of the Rising Sun (of course, the Aztecs did not mean the country that we mean by this name) and wore a long cape. He ruled for a long time in Tollan, forbidding human sacrifice and preaching peace. People no longer killed animals and ate plant foods. But it didn't last long. The devil forced Quetzalcoatl to indulge in vanity and wallow in sins. However, he soon felt ashamed of his weaknesses and decided to leave the country. Before leaving, the god made all the tropical birds fly away and turned the trees into thorny bushes. He disappeared in a southerly direction...

The Segunda Map of Cortes has an excerpt from Montezuma's speech: "We know from the writings that we have inherited from our ancestors that neither I nor anyone else who inhabits this country are its native inhabitants. We came from other lands. We also know that we are descended from the ruler, whose subordinates we were. He came to this country, he again wanted to leave and take his people with him. But they had already married local women, built houses and did not want to go with him. And he left Since then, we have been waiting for him to return someday. He will return just from the side where you came from, Cortes ... "We already know what price the Aztecs paid for their "come true" dream...

As scientists have proven, the neighbors of the Aztecs - the Maya also did not always live in today's places, but migrated from other areas. The Maya themselves say that their ancestors came twice. The first time - it was the largest migration - from across the ocean, from the east, from where 12 threads-paths were laid, and Itzamna led them. Another group, smaller, came from the west and among them was Kukulkan. They all had flowing robes, sandals, long beards, and uncovered heads. Kukulkan is remembered as the builder of the pyramids and the founder of the city of Mayapac and Chichen Itza. He also taught the Maya how to use weapons... And again, as in Peru, he leaves the country and goes towards the setting sun...

A traveler traveling from the Yucatan to the west must certainly pass through the Zeltal region in the Tabasco jungle. The legends of the population of these places store information about Wotan, who came from the regions of Yucatan. Brinton, a great connoisseur of American myths, says that few folk-hero myths have generated as much speculation as the myth of Wotan. In distant epochs, Wotan came from the East. He was sent by the gods to divide the earth, distribute it to the human races and give each its own language. The country from which he came was called Valum Votana. When Wotan's embassy arrived in Zelltal, the people were "in a deplorable state". He distributed them among the villages, taught them how to cultivate cultivated plants, and invented hieroglyphic writing, samples of which remained on the walls of their temples. It is also said that he wrote his story there. The myth ends very strangely: "When the time for the sad departure finally came, he did not go through the valley of death, like all mortals, but passed through a cave into the underworld."

But in reality, the mysterious Wotan did not go underground, but on the Soke plateau and received the name Kondoy there. Soke, about whose mythology almost nothing is known, were the neighbors of the inhabitants of Zeltal. According to their legend, the father god came and taught them how to live. They also did not believe in his death, but believed that he, in a light golden robe, retired to the cave and, having closed the hole, went to other peoples ...

To the south of the Maya Soque lived the Quiche of Guatemala, culturally close to the Maya. From their sacred book "Popol Vuh" we learn that their people were also familiar with a wanderer passing through the lands. The Kiche called him Gugumats.

The white bearded god passed from the shores of the Yucatan through the entire Central and South America to the Peruvian coast and sailed west towards Polynesia. This was witnessed by the legends of the Indians and the chronicles of the early Spanish observers. Is there any archaeological evidence left? Or maybe the white-skinned and bearded aliens were just a ghost, a product of the inflamed mind of the Indians?

The medieval Spaniards did not destroy all the statues. Some people managed to hide something. When in 1932 the archaeologist Bennett was excavating in Tiwanaku, he came across a red stone figurine depicting the god Kon-Tiki Viracocha in a long robe, with a beard. His robe was adorned with horned snakes and two cougars, symbols of the highest deity in Mexico and Peru. Bennett pointed out that this figurine was identical to that found on the shores of Lake Titicaca, just on the peninsula closest to the island of the same name.

Other similar sculptures were found around the lake. On the Peruvian coast, Viracocha was immortalized in ceramics and drawings - there was no stone for statuettes. The authors of these drawings are the early Chimu and Mochika. Similar things are found in Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador. It should be noted that A. Humboldt noted the bearded images, looking at the drawings of ancient manuscripts stored in the Imperial Library of Vienna in 1810. Colored fragments of the frescoes of the temples of Chichen Itza have also come down to us, telling about the sea battle of black and white people. These drawings have not been solved so far ...

White bearded deities of the Indians... Quetzalcoatl, Kukulkan, Gugumats, Bochika, Sua... What do modern scientists say about all this? Undoubtedly, a wide range of sources indicates the spread of a light-pigmented population in the New World. But when was it? Where did it come from? How could this Caucasoid (by Heyerdahl's definition) minority maintain its racial type during the long migration from Mexico to Peru and Polynesia, passing through areas inhabited by numerous Indian tribes? The last question can be answered by a simple mention of European gypsies - the situation was approximately the same. Strict observance of endogamy - marriage within an ethnic group - contributed to the preservation of the anthropological type. “They say that the sun married his sister and told his children to do the same,” says an Indian legend, recorded in 1609 ...

"There are no white Indians that Fossett writes about in his book in America..." Apparently, there are nonetheless. In 1926, the American ethnographer Harris studied the Indians of San Blas and wrote that their hair was the color of flax and straw and the complexion of a white man. More recently, the French explorer Omay described an encounter with an Indian tribe called the Waika, who had chestnut-colored hair. "So-called " White race", - he wrote, - even with a superficial examination, it has a lot of representatives among the Amajo Indians." The American selva has the ability to isolate no less than an island, and centuries of isolation ...

We have raised only a few testimonies of the Spanish chroniclers, only a part of the legends of the American Indians and a small fraction of archaeological and anthropological evidence - the surface part of the iceberg ... Who were these white bearded gods? That they are not aliens, that's for sure. Their origin is clearly earthly. ancient creators megalithic structures Old and New World? Sea Peoples? Cretans? Phoenicians? Or maybe both? There are many interesting points of view on this. But that's a topic for another big discussion...

N. Nepomniachtchi, journalist

"Secrets of Ages", 1980

It all started with Columbus.

“My messengers report,” wrote great traveler November 6, 1492 - that after a long march they found a village consisting of 1000 inhabitants. The locals met them with honors, settled them in the best houses, took care of weapons, kissed their hands and feet, trying to make it clear in any way that they (Spaniards. - Auth.) - white people who came from God. About 50 residents asked my messengers to take them with them to heaven to the star gods.

This is the first mention of the worship of white gods among the inhabitants of the New World. Countless legends of the Indians of both Americas tell that once upon a time white bearded gods, blue-eyed and fair-haired, arrived on the shores of their continent on large strange ships. They brought to the Indians the foundations of knowledge, laws, and the beginnings of culture. The Aztecs and Toltecs of Mexico called their white god Quetzalcoatl, the Incas called Kon-Tiki Viracocha, and the Mayans called Kukulcan.

The letter of Columbus clearly shows the reverence and reverence shown to the first Europeans on American soil. The mighty Aztec civilization, with its excellent military organization and population of many millions, fell before a handful of Spaniards. In 1519, Cortez's detachment freely passed through the jungle to the capital of the Aztecs. He was not hindered. The conquistadors Pizarro, who conquered Peru, also used the delusions of the Incas, marveling at the strange behavior of the Indians - they almost did not resist the white newcomers.

The Indians saw in the Europeans the returning "white gods »

Scientists have been working on this problem for many years. Extensive data on the oral tradition of the Indian tribes of Central and South America, archaeological evidence and materials from medieval Spanish chronicles have been collected. Hypotheses are born one after another. Many researchers either try to connect the "white gods" with the ancient peoples of the Mediterranean (Cretan-Minoans, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, etc.), or go deep into the wilds they themselves invented (Atlantis, aliens from outer space and other nonsense) . But in recent decades, in search of the place of origin of the "white gods", scientists are increasingly beginning to turn their eyes to the Pacific Ocean ...

In Peru, on the deserted Pacific coast, archaeologists have discovered numerous ancient necropolises. The dry climate allowed scientists to study in detail the remains found there. According to initial assumptions, the ancient mummies should have given the researchers an exhaustive answer to the question: what was the type of the ancient pre-Inca population of Peru? However, everything happened exactly the opposite: the mummies asked scientists new riddles. Having opened the graves, anthropologists discovered there types of people who had not yet met in ancient America.

In 1925, archaeologists discovered two large necropolises containing hundreds of mummies on the Paracas Peninsula in the southern central Peruvian coast. Radiocarbon analysis determined the age of these burials - 2200 years. Near the graves, the researchers found in large quantities fragments of hardwoods, which were usually used in the construction of rafts. When the burials were opened, a striking difference was found between the mummies and the main physical type of the ancient Peruvian population.

According to the American anthropologist Stuart, "this was a separate group of people, absolutely atypical for the population of Peru." While Stewart was studying the remains of these people, the Peruvian anthropologist M. Trotger was analyzing the hair of nine mummies. According to her, their color as a whole was red-brown, but in some cases the samples gave a very light, almost golden hair color. And the hair of the two mummies was generally different from the rest - they curled! Further, Trotger established that the cut of hair in different mummies is different, and almost all forms are found in the burial ...

Another indicator is the thickness of the hair. It is smaller here than in the rest of the Indians, but not as small as in the average European population, such as the Dutch. Trotger herself, a supporter of the theory of monoracial settlement of America, tried to justify such an unexpected observation for herself by saying that death changes the shape of hair. But another authority in this field, the English anthropologist Dawson, objected to her: “I believe that after death there are no significant changes in the hair. Curly hair stays curly, straight hair stays straight. Yes, after death they become brittle, but there is no color change.”

Finds on the Paracas Peninsula forced scientists to recall what the famous conquistador Francisco Pizarro wrote about the Incas: “The ruling class in the Peruvian kingdom was fair-skinned, with skin the color of ripe wheat. Most of the nobles were remarkably like the Spaniards. In this country I met an Indian woman so fair-skinned that I was amazed. Neighbors call these people the children of the gods...

Such "nobles" - members of the royal family - by the arrival of the Spaniards, there were about five hundred people. Chroniclers report that eight rulers of the Inca dynasty were white and bearded, and their wives were "white as an egg." One of the chroniclers, Garcillaso de la Vega, who was of Inca origin, left a description of how once, when he was still a child, a dignitary took him to the royal tomb. He showed the boy one of the rooms of the palace in Cusco, where several mummies lay along the walls, and said that these were former Inca emperors, and he saved their bodies from decomposition. The boy stopped in front of one of the mummies. Her hair was white as snow. The dignitary explained to him that this was the mummy of the White Inca, the 8th ruler of the country of Tahuantinsuyu. It is known that he died at a young age, and the whiteness of his hair can in no way be explained by gray hair ...

Comparing the data on the light-pigmented element in America and Polynesia with the legends of Easter Island, a number of researchers suggested that white-skinned people went from America to Polynesia, but not vice versa. One of the proofs of this is the similar custom of mummification of the bodies of the dead in Polynesia and South America and its complete absence in Indonesia. Having spread on the coast of Peru, the method of mummification of the bodies of the nobility was transferred by migrants to the islands of Polynesia. Two mummies found in the Hawaiian Islands "demonstrated" in detail all the details of this custom in Peru.

So, the source of the spread of the "white gods" was Peru? A superficial acquaintance with the vast and multi-genre literature on the history of this country is enough to find there many references to bearded and white-skinned Indian gods, and above all about Kon-Tiki Viracocha. Pizarro and his people reported that in the temple of Cuzco there was a huge statue of the god Viracocha, depicting a man in a long robe and sandals, “exactly the same as that painted by Spanish artists at home ...”. A contemporary of the events wrote that when the Spaniards saw this statue, they thought that Saint Bartholomew had reached Peru and the Indians created a monument in memory of this event. The conquistadors were so amazed by the strange statue that they did not destroy it immediately, and the temple for a while passed the fate of others. places of worship. But soon its fragments were dragged away in different directions by poor peasants.

When the chronicler Betanzos, who took part in the Peruvian campaigns of the Spaniards, asked the Indians what Viracocha looked like, they replied that he was tall, in a white robe to the toes, his hair on his head was gathered in a bun, he walked importantly and held in his hands something resembling prayer book. Lake Titicaca was at the very center of Viracocha's activity. There, on the lake and in the neighboring city of Tiahuanaco, was his residence.

Exploring the territory of Peru, the Spaniards also stumbled upon huge megalithic structures of pre-Inca times, which lay in ruins. “When I asked the local Indians who built these ancient monuments,” wrote the Spanish chronicler Cieza de Leon in 1553, “they answered that it was made by another people, bearded and white-skinned, like us Spaniards. These people arrived long before the Incas and settled here.” How strong and tenacious this legend is, confirms the testimony of the Peruvian archaeologist Valcarcel, who 400 years after Leon heard from the Indians who lived near the ruins that "these structures were created by a foreign people, white like Europeans."

“They also said,” continues Leon, “that on Lake Titicaca, on an island in past centuries, a white people lived, like us, and one local leader named Kari, with his people, came to this island and waged war against this people and killed many ... » In a separate chapter of his chronicle devoted to the ancient structures of Tiahuanaco, de Leon reports the following: “I asked the locals if these structures were created during the time of the Incas. They laughed at my question and said that they knew for sure that all this was done long before the power of the Incas. They saw bearded men on the island of Titicaca. They were people of a subtle mind, who came from an unknown country, and there were few of them, and many were killed in wars ...

Inca Garcillaso de la Vega questioned his royal uncle about the early history of Peru. He answered: “Nephew, I will gladly answer your question, and what I say, you will forever keep in your heart, know that in ancient times this entire area, known to you, was covered with forest and thickets and people lived as wild animals - without religion and power, without cities and houses, without cultivation of the land and without clothes, because they did not know how to make fabrics to sew clothes. They lived in twos or threes in caves or rock crevices, in mountains underground. They ate turtles and roots, fruits and human flesh. They covered their bodies with leaves and animal skins. They lived like beasts and also treated women like animals, for they did not know how to live each with one woman. De Leon continues Garcillazo's story: “After that, a tall white man appeared, and he had great authority. They say that in many villages he taught people how to live normally. Everywhere they called him the same - Tikki Viracocha. And in honor of him they built temples and erected statues in them ...

Where did Viracocha come from? “Many believe that his name is Inga Viracocha, and it means “sea foam,” notes the chronicler Zarate. Another chronicler, Gomara, claims that, according to the stories of the old Indians, he led his people across the sea. The legends of the Chimu Indians tell that a white deity came from the north. Many legends agree that Viracocha and his associates sailed in reed boats on Lake Titicaca and built the megalithic city of Tiahuanaco. From here he sent his bearded "apostles" to all corners of Peru to teach people and say that he is their creator. But, in the end, dissatisfied with the behavior of the inhabitants, he decided to leave their lands.

Viracocha. Relief on the Gate of the Sun in Tiwanaku, Peru

Throughout the vast Inca empire, until the arrival of the Spaniards, the Indians unanimously named the path along which Viracocha and his associates left. They descended to the Pacific coast and sailed west along the sea with the sun towards Polynesia.

In the north of the Inca state, in the mountains of Colombia, lived the Chibcha Indians, who reached a high level of culture by the arrival of the Spaniards. His legends also contain information about the white teacher Bochik. Its description is the same as that of the Incas. He ruled them for many years, and he was also called Sua, that is, "sun" in local dialects. He came to them from the east.

To the east of the Chibcha region, in Venezuela and neighboring areas, we again come across evidence of the presence of a mysterious wanderer. He was called here Tsuma, or Sume. He taught local Indians how to farm. According to one of the legends, he ordered all people to gather around a high rock, stood on it and told them the laws and instructions. After living here for some time, he left this country.

North of Colombia and Venezuela, in the area of ​​today's Panama Canal, live the Kuna Indians. They preserved legends that long ago, after a severe flood, someone came to them and taught people crafts. Several of his associates were with him. It is curious that in the 1920s, the American researcher Richard Marsh, who communicated a lot with the Kuna Indians, heard from them stories about the mysterious tribe of "white Indians", who in former times lived next to the Kuna. March even found a few Indians among the Kuna, apparently with white skin; later researchers explained this phenomenon as hereditary albinism.

Farther north, in Mexico, the Aztec civilization was flourishing by the time of the Spanish invasion. From Anauc (modern Texas) to the Yucatan, the Aztecs spoke of the white god Quetzalcoatl. According to legend, he was the fifth ruler of the Toltecs, came from the land of the rising sun (of course, the Aztecs did not mean Japan by this name) and wore a long cape. He ruled for a long time in Tollan, forbidding human sacrifice and preaching peace. People no longer killed animals and ate plant foods. But it didn't last long. The devil forced Quetzalcoatl to indulge in vanity and wallow in sins. However, he soon felt ashamed of his weaknesses and decided to leave the country. Before leaving, the god made all the tropical birds fly away and turned the trees into thorny bushes. He went south...

“The Secunda Map” by E. Cortes contains an excerpt from Montezuma’s speech: “We know from the writings that we inherited from our ancestors that neither I nor anyone else inhabiting this country are its native inhabitants. We come from other lands. We also know that we are descended from the ruler of whom we were subordinates; he came to this country, he wanted to leave again and take his people with him. But they had already married local women, built houses and did not want to go with him. And he left. Since then, we have been waiting for him to return someday. He will return just from the side where you came from, Cortes ... We know what price the Aztecs paid for their “come true” dream.

The Aztecs' neighbors, the Maya, said that their ancestors came to the Yucatan in two waves. The first time - it was the largest migration - from across the ocean, from the east, led by the cultural hero Itzamna. Another group, smaller, came from the west, and was led by the white and bearded Kukulkan. Kukulkan is remembered as the builder of the pyramids and the founder of the cities of Mayapan and Chichen Itza. He also taught the Maya how to use weapons, and then left them and went to the west ...

A traveler traveling from the Yucatan to the west must certainly pass through the Zeltal region in the Tabasco jungle. The legends of the population of these places keep information about Wotan, who came here from the east in ancient times. He was sent by the gods to divide the earth, distribute it to the human races and give each its own language. The country from which he came was called Valum. When Wotan arrived at Zelltal, the people were "in a deplorable state". He distributed them among the villages, taught them agricultural skills and invented hieroglyphic writing, examples of which remained on the walls of their temples. It is also said that he wrote his story there. The myth ends very strangely: “When the time for the sad departure finally came, he did not leave through the valley of death, like all mortals, but passed through a cave into the underworld.”

But in reality, the mysterious Wotan did not go underground, but on the Soke plateau and received the name Kondoy there. The Soke Indians, about whose mythology almost nothing is known, were the neighbors of the inhabitants of Zeltal. According to their legend, the "father-god" came in a light golden robe and taught them how to live correctly. They also did not believe in his death, but believed that he retired to the cave and, having closed the hole, went to other peoples ...

To the south of the Maya lived the Quiche tribes, whose culture was close to the Maya. From their sacred book, the Popol Vuh, we learn that their people were also familiar with a white wanderer who passed through the lands. The Kiche called him Gugumats...

As we can see, legends about white bearded gods are common throughout Central America- from the Yucatan to the Peruvian coast. In addition to legends, in Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, there are numerous images of white people. On the frescoes of one of the temples of Chichen Itza, even the battle of the Indians with white people is depicted. Thus, a wide range of sources indicates the spread of a light-pigmented population in the New World. But what is this population? Where did it come from? And how could this Caucasian minority retain its racial type, being surrounded by numerous Indian tribes?

The last question is the easiest to answer. Here it is enough to recall the gypsies - the analogy is very appropriate. Strict observance of endogamy - marriages within an ethnic group - contributed to the preservation of the anthropological type. The existence of endogamy among the "white gods" is evidenced by Indian legends and messages from medieval chroniclers.

Who were these white bearded gods? Not aliens, that's for sure. Their origin is clearly earthly. Were they the ancient proto-Berbers - the builders of the megaliths of the Old World, the "peoples of the sea", Cretan-Minoans, Greeks or Phoenicians? Or maybe aliens from the other side of the world - Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Polynesians? On this account, there are many hypotheses that have one common drawback: they are groundless. Let's think about this simple question: how old are these legends? After all, most of them are known to us only in the retelling of the Spanish authors of the 16th century. It is likely that such legends were invented by European missionaries after the Spanish conquest in order to facilitate the Christianization of the Indians.

The image of a cultural hero who implants the beginnings of civilization among backward peoples is widespread among the peoples of both America and Africa, Asia and Oceania, and there is no reason to consider him a specifically American phenomenon. And as for the "beardiness" of Indian cultural heroes, it is worth noting that the beard - natural or artificial - was a symbol of wisdom among the pre-Columbian Indians. As a cult attribute, the beard was repeatedly depicted in the drawings of the Olmecs (I millennium BC) and Maya (I-XV centuries). It is quite natural that mythology endowed the cultural hero with a beard - who else would be wise if not him?

The question of whiteness remains - the most interesting, and perhaps the most difficult. Or maybe vice versa - the easiest. The fact is that there is a number of evidence that groups of white Indians lived and continue to live in America today!

When the 19th-century German traveler Heinrich Barth first discovered rock carvings of elephants and hippos in the parched Sahara and told about it in Europe, he was ridiculed. When another German researcher, Karl Mauch, shared his impressions of the giant structures of Zimbabwe with colleagues, he was surrounded by a wall of cold silence and distrust. The Englishman Percy Fossett, who traveled through Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century, would obviously have met the same ungrateful fate if he had not disappeared forever into the jungle, leaving only a book of travel notes, later called The Unfinished Journey.

“White Indians live on Kari,” the manager told me, Fossett writes. “My brother once went on a longboat up the Tauman, and was told at the very head of the river that there were white Indians living nearby. He did not believe and only laughed at the people who said this, but nevertheless went on a boat and found unmistakable traces of their presence ... Then tall, beautiful, well-built savages attacked him and his people, they had clean white skin, red hair and blue eyes. They fought like devils, and when my brother killed one of them, the rest took the body and ran away.”

Few believe Fossett's testimony. Perhaps this is due to the mystery and seeming unreality of the events described in the book?

“Here again I heard stories about white Indians… “I knew a man who met such an Indian,” the British consul told me. “These Indians are quite wild, and it is believed that they come out only at night. That's why they are called "bats" "Where do they live?" I asked. “Somewhere in the area of ​​the lost gold mines, either north or northwest of the Diamantina River. Nobody knows their exact location. Mato Grosso is a very poorly explored country, no one has yet penetrated into the mountainous regions in the north ... Perhaps in a hundred years flying machines will be able to do this, who knows ... ""

"Flying machines" were able to do this in three decades. They did not find any of the white Indians that Fawcett writes about in his book. But that doesn't mean they don't exist. In 1926, the American ethnographer Harris studied the Indians of San Blas and wrote that their hair was the color of flax and straw and the complexion of a white man. The French explorer Omay described an encounter with the Waika Indian tribe, whose hair was chestnut. “The so-called white race,” he wrote, “has, even on a superficial examination, a mass of representatives among the Amazonian Indians.” Note that the American selva has the ability to isolate no less than the islands of the Pacific Ocean, and the isolation is centuries-old ...

White Indians. 19th century drawing

One of the legends about the white Indians is connected with the mystery of the Mandans, a tribe belonging to the Sioux group of North American tribes. The Mandans, the original inhabitants of the upper Mississippi, who once lived in the territory now divided between the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota, are perhaps the most unusual of all Indian tribes. North America. The lands inhabited by the Maidans became the scene of activity for white settlers only after 1850. However, for over 200 years, the Mandans have attracted the attention of ethnographers due to the fact that they were very different from all other Indian tribes in appearance, customs and religious beliefs. Moreover, in their physical appearance there were signs that suggested mixing with some northern race, for one-fifth or one-sixth of these Indians had almost white skin and light blue eyes. Among the Mandans, there were often people with blond hair and such an unusual facial expression for Indians that some ethnographers even refused to consider this “more than half white people” as Indians. The dwellings of the Mandans strongly resembled the ancient buildings of the northern European peoples. The closest similarity to their architecture we find only in medieval Norway and Sweden. And in one of the legends of the Mandans, it was said that the father of the tribe was a white man who arrived in their country by canoe. Back in those days when not a single European had visited these places, the Mandans were already familiar with the basic tenets of Christianity: they talked about the Savior, about the immaculate conception, the agony, the miraculous feeding of 5 thousand people, about the sin of the progenitor of the human race, about the flood the escaped ark and the dove sent out of it, which brought a willow branch, etc.

Similar ideas 200 years ago struck the first European explorer who penetrated into these remote areas, the Frenchman La Verandry. This explorer in 1738, on behalf of the French Governor-General, undertook a journey overland from Canada to the Pacific Ocean. He wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to personally meet the strange "white Indians" rumors about which had reached him. Having visited the Mandans, the Frenchman concluded that "a large military expedition from the known countries of the globe" had once been undertaken on the territory of this tribe, and the Mandans "came from a mixture of natives with a civilized people." But La Verandry could not understand how Europeans could have entered these remote areas, located at a distance of more than 1500 km from the Atlantic Ocean and inhabited by whites only in the second half of the 19th century?

Many researchers associate the mystery of the Mandans with the voyages of the medieval Scandinavian Vikings. But the riddle of the "white Indians" as a whole cannot be solved with the help of the Vikings. The Polynesians, or, as they are called, the "Vikings of the Pacific", as they are called, can come to the rescue here.

Modern scientists agree that the racial identity of the Polynesians is still unclear. Apparently, they owe their origin to two, and perhaps several races that have mixed with each other. Among the Polynesians, to this day, people with pronounced dolichocephaly and light skin pigmentation, like those of southern Europeans, are often found. Throughout Polynesia, the so-called Arab-Semitic type (Thur Heyerdahl's term) is found - with a straight nose, thin lips and straight red hair. These features were noted even by the first European travelers all the way from Easter Island to New Zealand, so it is impossible to speak of late mixing with Europeans in this case.

Anthropological data point to the Southeast Asian roots of the inhabitants of Polynesia, however, the first European explorers of Polynesia noted in their writings that there are many people with fair skin and red hair on the Pacific Islands. At that time, the version about Caucasoid (Caucasian) elements in the Oceanic racial type was born. Recently, anthropologists have found that light skin and red (or blond) hair are found not only among the indigenous inhabitants of Polynesia, but also among the indigenous inhabitants of Australia and New Guinea.

The inhabitants of Easter Island, the closest piece of land to America, claim that some of their ancestors had white skin and red hair, while the rest were dark-skinned and black-haired. This was witnessed by the first Europeans who visited the island. When a Dutch ship visited the island for the first time in 1722, European travelers were surprised to note the following among the islanders: “Among them there are both dark brown, like the Spaniards, and completely white people, and some have red skin, as if it was burned by the sun ...” Intrigued by these reports, Thor Heyerdahl went to Easter Island in the 1950s and, after researching here, stated that the island was first settled in the 4th-11th centuries by Caucasoids (Caucasoids), immigrants from Peru - from Tiahuana-co. Then, at the beginning of the Middle Period, new settlers from Peru arrived here, bringing with them the cult of the bird-man and the cult of ancestors (hence the erection of giant statues of leaders on stone platforms). A little later, but in the same middle period, the Polynesians proper appeared on Easter Island. Both groups coexisted with each other for a long time, until, finally, in the late period, the Polynesians managed to destroy all the descendants of the South American Indians.

This hypothesis did not last long - it was swept away by a wave of criticism. Dozens of archaeological, ethnographic and other expeditions went to the islands of Oceania, many experimental voyages were made on ships built according to Polynesian models, various aspects of the process of settling Polynesia were understood using mathematical modeling methods. The results of these studies completely refuted the main provisions of Heyerdahl's concept. Today, another concept looks much more reasonable - that it was the Polynesians (and among them - white-skinned and fair-haired or red-haired elements) who first landed on the coast of South America. “At present, no serious scientist will deny that long before Columbus, there were real ties between the inhabitants of Polynesia and South America, despite the unimaginable ocean expanses separating them.”

The French scientist and traveler E. Bishop, who devoted many years of his life to studying the secrets of the Pacific Ocean, comprehensively substantiated the hypothesis that the Polynesians, mastering the ocean, reached the shores of America - remember, the Peruvian Indians said that their Viracocha came "from the sea ”, and his very name means “sea foam”. Given the high seafaring skill of the Polynesians, most scientists today believe that they were the first to cross the Pacific Ocean and reached the coast of America. According to the well-known Soviet Americanist Yu.V. Knorozov, “Polynesian expeditions, of course, had to get to the coast of America, based, most likely, on the islands of the Marquesas archipelago. In Polynesia, there are seasons when fairly strong westerly winds blow. In addition, the expedition should have preferred to go against the usually prevailing east trade winds, so that in case of depletion of food supplies, it would be possible to return quickly with a fair wind. The shores of America, comparatively densely populated, were hardly suitable for founding colonies there. It is possible that contacts were limited only to exploratory expeditions. Stocking up food supplies on the American coast, the Polynesians brought local cultivated plants from there. Peruvian sweet potato - kumar - came to Polynesia under the same name, which indicates direct contacts of Polynesians with local residents ... The most favorable route to the east for Polynesians ran in close proximity to the equator, between the opposite North and South Equatorial currents, where the eastern counter-equatorial current arises flow, albeit unreliable. However, returning to their islands, the Polynesians could sail south along the American coast to about the latitude of the city of Lima, in order to take advantage of the favorable South Equatorial Current, well known to them.

Others can be brought interesting information about the contacts of Polynesians with the inhabitants of South America - both folklore and archaeological. For example, in Peru, two battle clubs of Polynesian origin - "patu" - were found in ancient burials. Obsidian spearheads were also found here. Stone adzes found in Polynesia, Chile and Argentina bear a striking resemblance. Thus, there is hardly any doubt that long before the discoveries of Columbus, the brave Polynesian navigators repeatedly crossed the planet's greatest ocean and landed on the South American coast. However, “one can only guess about the results of such “visits,” notes V.I. Gulyaev, “although it is unlikely that they had any noticeable influence on the development of the culture of both the Indians and the inhabitants of Polynesia.”

But what about the stories that the "white gods" brought numerous cultural achievements to the American continent? There is no doubt that the basis of these stories is most likely heavily mythologized. But the real, non-mythical basis of the legends about white and bearded cultural heroes can serve (this is nothing more than a version!) The fact of the amazing similarity of the Ainu culture of Jomon with the finds in Valdivia (Ecuador), as we discussed above. The fact that the Ainu are "white and bearded" no one seems to deny. Another thing is also interesting: the ceramics of Valdivia, similar to the Ainu, is a real “cultural center” in a country whose population at that time did not know ceramics!

The discoverers of Valdivian ceramics, the Ecuadorian archaeologist E. Estrada and his American colleagues B. Meggere and C. Evans and E. Estrada, explain this as follows: about 5 thousand years ago, a boat with Ainu fishermen could have been carried away by a typhoon from the coast of Kyushu to the open sea. If this happened in October or November, then she got into the zone of the currents of the North Pacific Ocean, moving at a speed of 24-32 miles a day. The voyage lasted many months, but the crew of the boat, or part of it, withstood the hardships of the journey, and as a result, the Ainu were brought to the Ecuadorian coast, where they were friendly received by the Indians. Asian aliens taught the locals the art of making Jōmon-type pottery. Soon the Valdivians themselves became excellent potters and even surpassed their teachers in many ways. According to the authors of the hypothesis, the origin of the ceramics of Ecuador and all pre-Columbian America goes back to the pottery traditions of the Jomon culture.

“If the main provisions of the hypothesis of Estrada and his colleagues are correct,” writes the Soviet ethnographer S.A. Arutyunov, what is the fundamental scientific significance of their discovery? In itself, the episode with the appearance of the ancient inhabitants of Japan in South America played a relatively small role in its ethnic and cultural history, although he may have given the first impetus to the spread of ceramics on the coast of Ecuador.

Be that as it may, the mere fact that the “white and bearded” Ainu, the bearers of the Jomon culture, who came from across the sea, taught the Indians how to make ceramics and thereby gave impetus to new cultural traditions in the New World, could well form the basis of legends. about the "white gods".

Margarita TROITSYNA
Looking-Glass World, #13, 2002

The indigenous population of America still keeps the memory of a deity named Kon-Tiki-Virako-cha, who was depicted as a white-skinned bearded man in a long robe. The Spanish conquistadors, seeing for the first time the statue of Viracocha in a Peruvian temple, even mistook him for St. Bartholomew, who somehow found himself in wild Peru...

According to myths, Viracocha came from the sea. Some tribes called it Inga Viracocha, which means "sea foam". There were other white bearded people with him. huge growth. They took reed boats to the shores of Lake Titicaca and built the great stone city of Tiahuanaco. From there, Viracocha sent out messengers who were supposed to teach the local population the wisdom of the gods. Kon-Tiki also called himself a god and claimed that it was he who created the world. However, not everyone believed him, and then the offended Viracocha, together with his associates, went down to the Pacific Ocean and went to the west, where the sun sets...

Legends about the white god have been preserved among many tribes. The legends of the Chibcha, who lived in the mountains of Colombia, mention the white teacher Bochik (he was also called Sua - "Sun"). He came from the east and ruled over this people for many years. The territory of modern Venezuela was allegedly visited by a white wanderer - Tsuma, who taught the locals how to farm. To the Kuna Indians living north of Colombia and Venezuela, in the Panama Canal area, a white god appeared after a big flood. He taught the tribe various crafts.

The Mexican Aztecs gave the white deity the name Quetzalcoatl. He became the ruler of Tollan and introduced his own laws, prohibiting wars and human sacrifices, as well as the killing of animals. His subjects did not eat meat, eating only plant foods. But then, according to legend, diabolical forces intervened, forcing Quetzalcoatl to wallow in sins. Repentant, God decided to leave his state. He went south, before that, with the help of his supernatural gift, he made the birds fly away from these places forever, and the trees turned into thorny bushes...

The Maya Indians gave the white god the name Kukulkan. He and his 12 students built the pyramids and founded the cities of Mayapan and Chichen Itza, taught the Maya how to use weapons, and then left the country, going west...

If we compare all these legends, it becomes clear that the path of the mysterious white bearded man and his assistants lay through the whole of Central and South America from the coast of Yucatan to the coast of Peru, and then by sea to the west, towards Polynesia...

This information is indirectly confirmed by archaeological finds. So, in the temple of war in Chichen Itza, fragments of frescoes were found depicting battles between red-skinned warriors and white people with large beards and helmets on their heads ... Traces of fortifications built, according to the local Cherokee Indians, by white people, have been preserved in the Carolinas. once inhabited these lands. . Not so long ago, English scientists managed to analyze the blood type of the mummy of an Inca priest who died in the 16th century. It turned out that the blood belonged to group A, which the Indians of pre-Columbian America could not have... There is a lot of evidence of meetings with white savages after the colonization of America. In 1721, Father Charlevoix heard stories of fair Indians who lived in the Missouri Valley. A few years later, the explorer de la Verandry went in search of a mysterious tribe. In the forest he met a tribe of mandates. Their skin and hair were, in fact, fair enough. They told the scientist that their ancestors once lived far in the south, but under the onslaught of enemies retreated to the north...

In the first half of the twentieth century, an expedition led by the famous explorer Percy Fawcett disappeared without a trace in the South American jungle, setting off in search of a mysterious tribe of white Indians, rumored to have lived in those parts. In 1934, the second expedition, organized by the Society for the Study of Atlantis, disappeared. Its scientific leader, the French ethnographer Louis Malepin, was convinced that the white Indians were the descendants of the Atlanteans. Several years later, a diary of one of the expedition members was found in an Indian village, Captain Maurice. He described meeting with white-skinned savages, who, apparently, reacted aggressively to the newcomers and, in the end, they may have been killed.

Traces of light-skinned gods can also be found on islands located far enough from the continent. At the beginning of the XVIII century. travelers who visited Easter Island were amazed that some of the natives had fair skin and red hair, while most of them were dark-skinned and black-haired ... In Polynesia, and now there are indigenous people with straight red hair, a straight nose and thin lips. They are called urukeu. The ancestors of the Urukeu, according to legend, were the gods who inhabited these islands in ancient times.

In 1621, in John Smith's General History of Virginian New England and the Isles of Eternal Summer, the first mention of the Welsh Indians appeared. Natives of Scotland, Ireland and Wales, who moved to the New World, were sincerely surprised to meet fair-skinned natives there, and even speaking a dialect that was very reminiscent of their native language!

Where did white Indians come from? Let us put forward a few possible versions explaining their origin:

1. Descendants of the Atlanteans.

   This is a fairly common version, repeatedly played up by researchers. Indirect confirmation of it is information about the cultural achievements that the white gods carried with them;

2. Aliens.

   There is no evidence yet that white aliens descended from heaven. And yet let us remember how stubbornly they called themselves gods and instructed mankind. The gigantic growth of Viracocha, which, judging by the reports of contactees, is characteristic of many UFO-nauts, can also testify to an alien origin;

3. Representatives of one of the unknown or little-known civilizations.

   And how much do we know about what other civilizations lived on Earth? So, in 1649, the British missionary Edward Winslow announced that some Indian tribes belonged to the "lost tribe of Israel." This is allegedly evidenced by their anthropological and cultural features. Winslow even published a treatise called "The Theory of the Jewish Indians" ... It is possible that in fact, once in antiquity, white settlers from another continent settled here;

4. Travelers.

   Recently, many doubt that Columbus was the discoverer of America. Perhaps, long before him, an expedition from one of the "white" continents visited there. What prompted them to do so? Exploratory passion? Passion for travel? The need to hide from unknown danger? The version does not look so incredible. But how to explain the gigantic growth of aliens? It is possible that their appearance is somewhat embellished;

5. Visitors from the future.

So far, there is no conclusive evidence of the possibility of time travel, but there are no arguments against either. So why not assume that the people of the future were able to travel to pre-Columbian America in order to “take patronage” over the dense savages?

Of course, all these hypotheses have the right to exist. But can we say for sure that at least one of them is close to the truth, because apart from legends about white gods and rare finds, from which it is not yet possible to form a complete picture, the researchers have nothing in their hands? ..

"During the Great Flood 12-13 thousand years ago (I lean more than 13 thousand years) BC, Rod (the first "Eve" of the earthly man of the white race of the planet), in the person of the Great Ma" goddess "At-Ata, sailed from his waters to the Pacific coast of modern Guatemala and founded a colony of local KICHE Indians there, where she ended her "swimming" on the slopes of the Agua volcano (found land). It seems to me that then he was volcanic island in the archipelago of unflooded volcanoes-tops of the future mountains of the Andes (modern Equatorial Cordillera of Central America, but the Cordillera and Andes of South America are still referred to in geography as the "Belt of the Andes Mountains")." (article "At-tit from Guatemala")
What did the indigenous population of South and North America look like before the western expansion. The Indians describe most of the Gods as the priests of the antediluvian Vedic civilization looked like. How did the indigenous population of North and South America actually look like? What was the basis of the legends about the White Gods in Indian civilizations? This is what we will find out with you, reader, now ...

1.BRAZIL. "An unknown Indian tribe was discovered by an expedition of the Brazilian National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) in the state of Para in northern Brazil. The white-skinned blue-eyed Indians of this tribe, living in a dense tropical forest, are skillful fishermen and fearless hunters. To further study the lifestyle of the new tribe, the expedition members led by a specialist in the problems of the Brazilian Indians, Raimundo Alves, intend to conduct a detailed study of the life of this tribe. "(Pravda newspaper, June 4, 1975)

From Volkha: PAIR - "P" (ancestral) + "ARA" (Association of Slavic Lands of Europe).
PAIR - "Ara's Ancestors"... And that says a LOT: the Nords-dews were the ancestors!

"Testimony of Percival Harrison Fawcett (1867 - 1925), British topographer and traveler, Lieutenant Colonel. Fawcett disappeared under unknown circumstances along with his son in 1925 during an expedition whose purpose was to discover a certain lost city in the selva of Brazil."
White Indians live on Kari, the manager told me. My brother once went on a longboat up the Tauman, and in the very upper reaches of the river he was told that white Indians lived nearby. He did not believe and only laughed at the people who said this, but nevertheless, he went by boat and found unmistakable traces of their stay. Then he and his people were attacked by tall, handsome, well-built savages they had pure white skin, red hair and blue eyes. They fought like devils, and when my brother killed one of them, the rest took the body and fled." Another fragment: "I knew a man who met such an Indian," the British consul told me. "These Indians are completely wild, and it is believed that they come out only at night. Therefore, they are called bats." "Where do they live?" - I asked. - "Somewhere in the area of ​​​​the lost gold mines, either north or north-west of the Diamantinu River. No one knows their exact location. Mato Grosso is a very poorly explored country, in mountainous areas on no one has penetrated the north yet. Perhaps in a hundred years flying machines will be able to do this, who knows?
"My messengers report that after a long march they found a village of 1000 inhabitants. The locals met them with honors, settled in the most beautiful houses, took care of their weapons, kissed their hands and feet, trying to make them understand in any way that they (the Spaniards) - white people who came FROM GOD. About 50 residents asked my messengers to take them with them to heaven to the STAR GODS. "(wrote H. Columbus in 1492)
This is the first mention of the worship of white gods among the Indians of America. "They (the Spaniards) could do whatever they wanted and no one interfered with them; they cut jade, melted gold, and Quetzalcoatl was behind it all" (the era of Columbus, the chronicler of Spain)
"The French researcher Ome described a meeting with the Indian tribe of the Waika, whose hair was chestnut in color. "The so-called white race," he wrote, "even with a superficial examination, has a lot of representatives among the Amazonian Indians." (stat. "White Indians of both Americas ")

From Volkha: TAUMAN - "TAU" (Kabbalah of the Jews - permutation of letters in the word, -ATAU - distorted from ATA) + "MAN" (person, maternal carrier - by blood of the clan).
TAUMAN - "Ata - a man" (great-ancestor of the Great Ma - the earthly woman of the Sort).
The mention of the "STAR GODS" who can take a person "to heaven", i.e. to the Galaxy - the mention of the "TITANS". In particular, Ata-At ... the titan ORN from the fore-continent Or (Hyperborea). Ma was white races according to DNA - engineering creation of HUMAN.

QUETZALKOATL - "KE" (distortion from KA - the essence of LIGHT, "starry") + "CA" (SA - Creator-Creator, "GOD") + "L" (the second "A" - AL-blood is missing) + "KO "(distorted KA) + "AT" (name At) + "L" (again AL-blood).
QUETZALCOATL - "KA of the Creator" GOD "blood + KA At blood", i.e. "KAKA At in the BLOOD" (of a person).

BRAZIL - "B" (Great Ma - Foremother of ALL the white race) + "RA" (the sun of Ancient Egypt) + "Z" (s) + "OR" (distortion from ALA-blood) + "I" (late Byzantine. addition to the word DOMINICAN CATHOLIC, Church of the Temple of Yahweh Christ).
BRAZIL - "With the blood of the Great Ma Ra".

We get the name of the goddess (besides At, there was another titanium woman, or this is her middle name):
GREAT Ma Ra is the Great MARA (there is both in the pantheon of Rod and in the pantheon of Ra).
Let the Mexicans have At OH (male), in South America this name is At-Ata FEMALE. From here there were AT men and women ... White Gods from the Stars. , but not all the Magi. KAKA - the connection of his KA of a person with the KA of the White God through the information field of the Galaxy (telepathic, mental).
The triple KA (KAKASHAKA) stands for "GOD" - the sower with the help of DNA engineering of intelligent humanoid civilizations across the Galaxy (Khumana Path) ... and there is the Path of the White Gods.
It is clear that "GOD" KETZALKOATL KAKASHAKA, "titan" from the stars, from the fore-continent Or (Hyperborea).

2. PERU .. "Fr. Pizarro about the Incas:" The ruling class in the Peruvian kingdom was light-skinned, the color of ripe wheat. Most of the nobles surprisingly looked like the Spaniards. by the time the Spaniards arrived, there were about 500 such representatives of the elite of Peruvian society and they spoke a special language. Chroniclers also report that 8 rulers of the Inca dynasty were white and bearded, and their wives were "white as an egg." One of the chroniclers , Garcillaso de la Vega, told about the burial in which he saw a mummy with snow-white hair. But that man died young, so it was not gray hair. De la Vega was told that this was the mummy of the White Inca, on the 8th ruler of the sun.
In 1926, the American ethnographer Harris studied the San Blas Indians and wrote that their hair was the color of flax and straw and the complexion of a white man.
In theory, these mummies were supposed to give researchers an exhaustive answer to the question: what was the type of the ancient pre-Inca population of Peru? But the mummies only set new mysteries: the types of buried people were determined by anthropologists as not seen before in ancient America. In 1925, archaeologists discovered 2 large necropolises - on the Paracas Peninsula (south of the Peruvian coast). There were hundreds of mummies. 2200 years old. Near the graves, fragments of hardwoods were found in large quantities, which were usually used to build rafts. These bodies also differed in their structure from the main physical type of the ancient Peruvian population. The American anthropologist Stuart then wrote about this: "It was a selected group of large people, absolutely not typical of the population of Peru. "While Stuart was studying the bones, M. Trotter did an analysis of the hair of 9 mummies. Their color is mostly red-brown, but in some cases very light, almost golden. Hair 2 -th mummies generally differed from the rest: they were curly. the average European population (for example, the Dutch)," Trotter wrote in conclusion. As you know, human hair does not change after death. They can become brittle, but neither color nor structure changes. Images of these deities stood in Inca temples.
In the temple of Cusco, wiped off the face of the earth, there was a huge statue depicting a man in a long robe and sandals, "exactly the same that the Spanish artists painted at home," wrote the Spanish conquistador Pizarro. In the temple built in honor of Viracocha, too stood the great god Kon-Tiki Viracocha - a man with a long beard and proud posture, in a long robe. The chronicler wrote that when the Spaniards saw this statue, they thought that St. Bartholomew had reached Peru and the Indians created a monument in memory of this event. The conquistadors were so amazed by the strange statue that they did not immediately destroy it, and the temple for a while passed the fate of other similar structures. But soon its fragments were taken away.
While exploring Peru, the Spaniards also stumbled upon huge megalithic structures of pre-Inca times, which also lay in ruins. "When I asked the local Indians who built these ancient monuments," wrote the chronicler Cieza de Leon in 1553, people, bearded and white-skinned, like us Spaniards. Those people arrived long before the Incas and settled here. "Evidence of the modern Peruvian archaeologist Valcarcel, who heard from the Indians who lived near the ruins that" these structures were created by a foreign people, white, like Europeans."
A superficial acquaintance with the extensive and diverse literature on the history of Peru is enough to find many references to bearded and white-skinned Indian gods. At the very center of the "activity" of the white god Viracocha was Lake Titicaca - there, on the lake, and in the neighboring city of Tiahuanaco and was the residence of the god. "They also said," writes de Leon, "that in past centuries a people lived on the island of Titicaca, white, like us, and one local leader named Kari with his people came to this island and waged war against this people and killed many. "The white people left their buildings on the lake." I asked the locals, writes de Leon further, whether these buildings were created during the time of the Incas. They laughed at my question and stated that they knew for sure that all this was done long before the power of the Incas. They saw bearded men on the island of Titicaca.
These legends inspired the Frenchman Bandelier in late XIX V. and began excavations on Lake Titicaca. He was told that people similar to Europeans came to the island in ancient times, they married local women, and their children became Incas. The tribes before them lived the life of savages, but "a white man came and possessed great authority. In many villages, he taught people to live normally. Everywhere they called him the same way - Tikki Viracocha. And in honor of him they created temples and erected statues in them. "When the chronicler Betansos, who took part in the first Peruvian campaigns of the Spaniards, asked the Indians how Viracocha looked like, they answered that he was tall, in a white robe to the toes, his hair was fixed on his head with something like a tonsure (?), he walked importantly and held in his hands something similar to a prayer book (?). Where did Viracocha come from? There is no single answer to this question. “Many believe that his name is Inga Viracocha, and it means “sea foam,” notes the chronicler Zarate. According to the stories of the old Indians, he took his people across the sea. sides of the sea, and then rose to Lake Titicaca. "Humanization" of Viracocha is most clearly manifested in those legends where various purely earthly qualities are attributed to him: they call him smart, cunning, kind, but at the same time they call him the Son of the Sun. The Indians claim that he sailed on reed boats to the shores of Lake Titicaca and created the megalithic city of Tiahuanaco. From here he sent bearded ambassadors to all parts of Peru to teach people and say that he was their creator. But, in the end, dissatisfied with the behavior of the inhabitants, he left their lands - went down with his companions to the Pacific coast and went by sea to the west along with the sun. As you can see, they left towards Polynesia, and came from the north. "(stat" White Indians of both Americas ")

From Volkha: INKA - "IN" (will of the bearer) + "KA" (essence of the Spirit LIGHT).
INKA - "Will of the bearer of the Light KA". (Ruler of the Sun).

PARAKAS - "P" (ancestral) + "ARA" (we are looking for the Proto-Slavs-AROV) + ​​"KA" (light essence) + "C" (Byzantine prefix to the word masculine).
PARACAS - "Ancestor of the ARA" (she, a resident of Ara). -Slavic-Russian Nordic trace!

PERU - "P" + "RU" (Kabbalah of the Jews, UR - distorted from AR, inhabitant of AR).
PERU - "Ancestor of the AR". - Slavic next again!

CUSCO - "KU" (Kabbalah: UK - AK, - Darkness of essence) + "C" + "KO" (distorted KA, - Light of essence).
CUSCO - "AKKA" (light and darkness of the being's essence).

KON-TIKI VIRACOCHA - "KON" (KA of the carrier) + "KA At" + "B" + "IR" (distorted from Or) + "AKO" (the second "K" is lost, Kabbalah: KON-TIKI VIRACOCHA - " Carrier of KAKA At in Ore AKKA Chora".

Volkha's CONCLUSION: KAKA At (khuman, humanoid) in Ora is the LIGHT-DARKNESS of the god Chora (lord of the World of Darkness, - the World of Chora - the cosmos of the Galaxy), i.e. At - "titan" -khuman (humanoid) Chor from the Galaxy, who landed in the Ora - Hyperborea. At is Chor, the Star "GOD" from the Galaxy (White God).

TIAHUANAKO - "TIA" (Kabbalah ATA) + "U" + "AN" (OH - the world of the bearer) + "KO" (KA).
TIAHUANACO - "KA Ata at the carrier's world".

INGA Viracocha - "IN" (will of the bearer) + "GA" (road) Viracocha.
INGA VIRACOCHA - "Carrier by (one's own) will of the road to Or "GOD" Chora".

Volha's CONCLUSION: Again, I get that Viracocha is one of the cosmic khumans (humanoids) of the Galaxy! And there is a trace to Oru! Viracochi is the "Son of the Sun", where "SOL" is a "star".

TITICAKA - TITICACA - "Titan by the will of the khuman", or "Titan-khuman" (a humanoid from the Galaxy).

3. COLOMBIA. "One mysterious people lived in the mountains of Colombia - Chibcha, who reached a high level of culture by the arrival of the Spaniards. His legends contain information about the white teacher Bochik with the same description as that of the Incas. He ruled them for many years and was also called Sua, then there is a "sun". He came to them from the east." (stat. "White Indians of both Americas")

From Volkha: BOCHIKA - "BO" (abbreviated from GOD) + "CHIKA" (Chi - AK, darkness and KA-light; LIGHT-Darkness of essence). BOCHIKA is a "full GOD" (full-fledged).

4.VENEZUELA. "In Venezuela and neighboring areas, there are also legends about the presence of a mysterious wanderer there who taught the locals about agriculture. He was called Tsuma (or Sume) there. According to legend, he ordered all people to gather around a high rock, stood on it and told them the laws and instructions. Having lived with people, he left them. "(stat. "White Indians of both Americas")

From Volkha: VENEZUELA - - "It contains the blood of the Creator" (God).

TSUMA - "T" (World of Darkness) + "SUMA" (distorted SA MA - Creator-GOD Mother, Great Ma).
TSUMA - "Darkness of the goddess Great Ma" (meaning At-Ata).

5.PANAMA. "In the area of ​​the modern Panama Canal, the Kuna Indians live. In their legends, there is someone who, after a severe flood, came and taught them crafts."

From Volkha: PANAMA - "P" (ancestral) + "AMA" (God Dr. Indus).

PANAMA - "Ancestor of Ama" (a trace of the ratios of the INCAs and the Sumerians Dr. Indus (the valley of the Ganges River and the Himalayas region).

6. SOUTH AMERICA (all). “Yes, there is evidence that the medieval Spaniards did not destroy all the statues, the Indians managed to hide something. When in 1932 the archaeologist Bennet did excavations in Tiahuanaco, he came across a red stone statuette of the god Kon-Tiki Viracocha in a long robe, with a beard. His hoodie was decorated with horned snakes and two cougars - symbols of the highest deity in Mexico and Peru. This figurine was identical to that found on the shores of Lake Titicaca, just on the peninsula closest to the island, the fruit of the same name. Other similar statues were found around the lake. On the Peruvian coast, Viracocha was immortalized in ceramics and drawings. The authors of these drawings are early Chimu and Mochica. Similar finds are found in Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and El Salvador. kept in the Imperial Library of Vienna in 1810) Colored fragments of the frescoes of the temples of Chichen Itza, which tell of the sea battle of black and white people, have come down to us. These drawings have not been solved so far.

"Let's continue talking about the WHITE aboriginal population of North America already ..." In both Americas, there are countless legends that have survived almost unchanged to this day, which tell of the landing of white bearded people on the shores of the Indians in ancient times. They brought the Indians the basics of knowledge , laws, civilization ... "(stat." White Indians of both Americas ")

7. MEXICO. "In Mexico, by the time of the Spanish invasion, the high civilization of the Aztecs was flourishing. From Anahuac (Texas) to Yucotan, the Aztecs spoke of the white god Quetzalcoatl. According to legend, he was the 5th ruler of the Toltecs, he arrived from the Land of the Rising Sun (of course, the Aztecs did not mean Japan ) and wore a long cape. He ruled for a long time in Tollan, banning human sacrifices, preaching peace and vegetarianism. But this did not last long: the devil forced Quetzalcoatl to indulge in vanity and wallow in sins. However, he soon became ashamed of his weaknesses, and he left the country in south direction. In the "Segunda Map" of Cortez, there is an excerpt from Montezuma's speech: "We know from the writings that we inherited from our ancestors that neither I, nor anyone else,
inhabiting this country are not its indigenous inhabitants. We came from other lands. We also know that we are descended from the ruler, whose subordinates we were. He came to this country, he again wanted to leave and take his people with him. But they had already married local women, built houses and did not want to go with him. And he left. Since then, we have been waiting for him to return someday. for his "dream come true", you know ...
As scientists have proven, the neighbors of the Aztecs - the Maya also did not always live in today's places, but migrated from other areas. The Mayans themselves say that their ancestors came twice. The first time was the largest migration - from across the ocean, from the east, from where they were laid 12 threads-paths, and Itzamna led them. Another group, smaller, came from the west, and among them was Kukulkan. They all had flowing clothes, sandals, long beards and uncovered heads. Kukulkan is remembered as the builder of the pyramids and the founder of the city Mayapac and Chichen Itza. He also taught the Maya how to use weapons. And again, as in Peru, he leaves the country and goes towards the setting sun.
There are similar legends among the Indians who lived in the jungles of Tabasco. They store information about Wotan, who came from the regions of Yucatan. In ancient times, Wotan came from the East. He was sent by the gods to divide the earth, distribute it to human races and give each their own language. Country , where he came from, was called Valum Votana. The myth ends very strangely: "When the time of sad departure finally came, he did not go through the valley of death, like all mortals, but went through a cave to the underworld."
In both Americas, there are countless legends that have survived almost unchanged to this day, which tell of the landing of white bearded people on the shores of the Indians in ancient times. They brought the Indians the basics of knowledge, laws, civilization ... They arrived on large strange ships with swan wings and luminous body. Approaching the shore, the ships landed people - blue-eyed and fair-haired - in robes of coarse black material, in short gloves. They had snake-shaped jewelry on their foreheads. The Aztecs and Toltecs called the white god
Quetzalcoatl, Inca - Kon-Tiki Viracocha, Maya - Kukulkai, Chibcha Indians - Bochika. "(stat. "White Indians of both Americas")

From Volkha: MEXICO - entities).
MEXICO - "Native AKKA GOD" (full essence of the GODDESS...Great Ma Ata-At).

ANAUACA - "ANA" (Byzantium, SHE) + "U" + "AK" (darkness of essence) + "A" (end).
ANAUACA - "It is darkness" (khuman - a humanoid of the Galaxy, Alt-Ata).

YUKATAN - "Yu" (U) + "KA" (light of essence) + "TA" (Kabbalah of the Jews, At) + "N" (carrier).
YUKATAN - "U KA At" (At on Earth, khuman of the Galaxy).

TOLTEC - "T" (darkness, space "K". TOLTEC - "To the Darkness of the blood of At" ("To the blood of Star At") - Her people, like the Great Ma.

TOLLAN - "T" (Darkness) + "OLLA" (distorted. OLA-EL - blood + "L" - from lat. luci - starlight) + "H" (carrier). TOLLAN - "Carrier of the starlight of the Galaxy."

MONTESUMA - "MON" (distorted MAN - man) + "TE" (distorted and Kabbalah, -At) + "SUMA" (Great Ma Goddess). MRONTESUMA - "Man (son) of the Great Ma At".

ITSAMNA - carrier) + "A" (end). ITSAMNA - "By the power of the son of the Great Ma-Queen At".

MAYA - "M" (maternal) + "AYA" (abbreviated from AYN, the people from Antarctica come from) + "I" (end). MAYA - "Daughter of AYA the Great Ma" (At?)

MAYAPAK - "MAYA" + "P" (ancestral) + "AK" (darkness of essence).

VALUM VOTANA - VALUM - "VA" ("water" - the changeable space of vacuum space) + "LUM" (distorted AL - maternal blood). terrestrial humanity) + native blood", i.e. "Types of native blood (in the Humans of the Galaxy)".

KON-TIKI Viracocha - (see above in the text, paragraph of Article No. 2).
BOCHIKA - (see above in the text, paragraph of article No. 3).

KUKUKAI - "KUKU" (skakzh according to Kabbalah: AKKA, - light-darkness of essence) + "I" (will).
KUKULKAI - "ACKA of the blood of the will of the stellar (khuman)". (DNA engineering, the creator of man on Earth).

Volkha's CONCLUSION: Everywhere there is a trace of the Starry At-Ata, a khumana (humanoid) Galaxy on the Earth of Mexico, etc. Central and South America, in North America ... The Earth of the two centers of the creation of earthly humanity: the ancestor Or (Hyperborea) - WHITE RACE and Antarctica (Ainu of Japan, Lemuria ...) - RED RACE and YELLOW RACE. And everywhere At-Ataon) and At (he) are mentioned as titans-orns (bird-people) - White Gods from the stars of the Galaxy.

The question of white and bearded people in pre-Columbian America has not yet been resolved, and it is on this that I am now concentrating my attention. For the sake of clarifying this problem, I crossed the Atlantic on the papyrus boat "Ra-II" ...

I believe that here we are dealing with one of the earliest cultural impulses from the African-Asian region of the Mediterranean. I think the most likely candidate for this role is the mysterious "peoples of the sea" ...

Today, no serious researcher would argue that there are white and dark Indians, differing in their origin. There are no white Indians in America.

L.A. Fainberg, Soviet Americanist

An unknown Indian tribe was discovered by an expedition of the Brazilian National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) in the state of Para in northern Brazil. The white-skinned blue-eyed Indians of this tribe, living in a dense tropical forest, are skillful fishermen and fearless hunters. To further study the way of life of the new tribe, the expedition members, led by a specialist in the problems of Brazilian Indians, Raimundo Alves, intend to conduct a detailed study of the life of this tribe.

Quetzalcoyatl

The Lost Expedition

When the German traveler of the last century, Heinrich Barth, first discovered rock carvings of moisture-loving animals in the Sahara and told about it in Europe, he was ridiculed. After another German researcher, Karl Mauch, shared his impressions of the giant structures of Zimbabwe with colleagues, he was surrounded by a wall of cold silence and distrust.

The Englishman Percy Fossett, who traveled around Brazil at the beginning of our century, would have had the same ungrateful fate if he had not ... disappeared forever in the jungle, leaving only a book of travel notes. The brave traveler's younger contemporaries called it "Unfinished Journey"...

Page 133 of Fossett's diary:

“White Indians live on Kari,” the manager told me. “My brother once went on a longboat up the Tauman, and in the very upper reaches of the river he was told that white Indians lived nearby. He did not believe and only laughed at the people who said it, but nevertheless went by boat and found unmistakable traces of their presence.

Then he and his men were attacked by tall, handsome, well-built savages, they had pure white skin, red hair and blue eyes. They fought like devils, and when my brother killed one of them, the rest took the body and ran away."

Re-reading the comments to the diaries, one becomes bitterly convinced of how deeply distrust of eyewitness accounts, in particular travelers, has penetrated into people's minds over the past decades. However, this can be understood - too many fakes and hoaxes were born during this time that discredited the true state of this or that issue. Fossett is not believed. Rather, they believe, but very few.

Perhaps this can be explained by the mystery and seeming unreality of the events described in the book?... "Here again I heard stories about white Indians. I knew a man who met such an Indian," the British consul told me. "These Indians are completely wild, and they are said to come out only at night, hence they are called "bats".

"Where do they live?" I asked. "Somewhere in the area of ​​the lost gold mines, either north or northwest of the Diamantinu River. No one knows their exact location. Mato Grosso is a very poorly explored country, no one has yet penetrated the mountainous regions in the north ... Perhaps in a hundred years, flying machines will be able to do this, who knows?

Flying cars were able to do this in three decades. In 1930, flying over the Gran Saban areas, American pilot Jimmy Angel discovered huge unknown sinkholes in the ground and a giant waterfall. And this is in an age when, as it is believed, all corners of the Earth have already been discovered and explored ...

"Guess" von Däniken

It all started with Columbus. “My messengers report,” he wrote on November 6, 1492, “that after a long march they found a village for 1000 inhabitants. The locals met them with honors, settled in the most beautiful houses, took care of their weapons, kissed their hands and feet, trying to give them understand in any way that they (the Spaniards) are white people who came from god.

About 50 residents asked my messengers to take them with them to heaven to the star gods. "This is the first mention of the worship of white gods among the Indians of America. "They (the Spaniards) could do whatever they wanted, and no one interfered with them; they cut jade, melted gold, and Quetzalcoatl stood behind all this ... "- wrote one Spanish chronicler after Columbus.

Countless legends of the Indians of both Americas tell that white bearded people once landed on the shores of their country. They brought to the Indians the foundations of knowledge, laws, the whole civilization. They arrived in large, strange ships with swan wings and luminous hulls. Having approached the shore, the ships landed people - blue-eyed and fair-haired - in robes of coarse black material, in short gloves.

They had snake-shaped ornaments on their foreheads. This legend has survived almost unchanged to this day. The Aztecs and Toltecs of Mexico called the white god Quetzalcoatl, the Incas - Kon-Tiki Viracocha, for the Chibcha he was Bochika, and for the Maya - Kukulkai ... Scientists have been working on this problem for many years. Extensive data on the oral traditions of the Indian tribes of Central and South America, archaeological evidence and materials from medieval Spanish chronicles have been collected. Hypotheses are born and die...

The Swiss writer Erich von Däniken, well-known to the reader, also, of course, could not pass over such an attractive topic in silence and made it work for him. "The white deities of the Indians are, of course, aliens from outer space," Deniken stated without a shadow of a doubt and cited several legends in support. Indeed, these legends (too long to be quoted here) contain, like any product of folklore, elements of fantasy, and it was not difficult for such a venerable interpreter and "interpreter" of legends as Deniken to lead them into the direction he needed.

But let's not deal with this dubious business together with Deniken. We have a hard job ahead of us - to leaf through the notes of the Spanish chroniclers, listen to some legends and delve into the mountains of archaeological finds that confirm the legends and chronicles. Let's try to understand this problem from earthly positions.

The success of the conquistadors

The letter of Columbus clearly shows the reverence and reverence that was shown to the first Spaniards on American soil. The powerful Aztec civilization with an excellent military organization and a population of many millions gave way to a few Spaniards. In 1519, the detachment of Cortes freely walked through the jungle, rising to the capital of the Aztecs. He was almost not hindered ....

Pizarro's troops also made use of the delusions of the Incas as best they could. The Spaniards broke into the temple in Cuzco, where there were golden and marble statues of white gods, smashed and trampled on decorations, marveling at the strange behavior of the Incas. They, the Spaniards, offered no resistance. The people of Peru came to their senses too late...

The details of the conquest are well described in many books and there is no point in dwelling on them. But far from everywhere there are attempts to somehow explain the incomprehensible behavior of the Indians.

The Aztec priests calculated that the White God, who left them in the year of Ke-Acatl, would return in the same "special" year, which repeated every 52 years. By a strange coincidence, Cortes landed on the American coast just at the time of the change of cycles determined by the priests. In terms of clothing, he also almost completely "coincided" with the legendary god. And it is clear that the Indians did not at all doubt the divine affiliation of the conquistadors. And when they doubted, it was already too late.

Another interesting fact. The Aztec ruler Montezuma sent one of his dignitaries (history has preserved his name - Tendile or Teutlile) to Cortes with a gift - a headdress filled with gold. When the envoy poured out jewelry in front of the Spaniards and everyone crowded to look, Tendile noticed among the conquistadors a man in a helmet trimmed with the thinnest gold plates. The helmet hit Tendile.

When Cortez offered him to take the return gift to Montezuma, Tendile begged him to give only one thing - the helmet of that warrior: "I must show it to the ruler, because this helmet looks exactly like the one that the white god once put on." Cortes gave him the helmet with the wish that it be returned filled with gold... To understand the Indians, we need to travel in time and space - to the Polynesia of the first centuries of our era.

Procession of the Bearded Gods

On Easter Island, the most distant piece of land from Polynesia and closest to America, legends have been preserved that the ancestors of the islanders came from a desert country in the East and reached the island after sailing 60 days towards the setting sun. Today's islanders - a racially mixed population - claim that some of their ancestors had white skin and red hair, while the rest were dark-skinned and black-haired.

This was witnessed by the first Europeans who visited the island. When a Dutch ship first visited Easter Island in 1722, a white man boarded among other inhabitants, and the Dutch recorded the following about the rest of the islanders: “Among them there are dark brown, like the Spaniards, and completely white people, and some the skin is generally red, as if it was burned by the sun ... "

From early reports collected in 1880 by Thompson, it became known that the country, located, according to legend, 60 days' journey to the east, was also called the "burial place". The climate there was so hot that people died and plants withered. West of Easter Island for the entire vast stretch to South-East Asia there is nothing that could match this description: the coasts of all the islands are covered with a wall of tropical forest.

But in the east, where the inhabitants pointed out, lie the coastal deserts of Pepy, and nowhere else in the Pacific Ocean is there a place that would better correspond to the descriptions of the legend than the Peruvian coast, both in climate and in name. Numerous graves are located along the deserted coast of the Pacific Ocean. The dry climate has allowed today's scientists to study in detail the bodies buried there.

According to initial assumptions, the mummies located there should have given the researchers an exhaustive answer to the question: what was the type of the ancient pre-Inca population of Peru? However, the mummies did the opposite - they only asked riddles. Having opened the graves, anthropologists discovered there types of people who had not yet met in ancient America. In 1925, archaeologists discovered two large necropolises on the Paracas Peninsula in the southern part of the central Peruvian coast. Hundreds of mummies of ancient dignitaries lay in the burial.

Radiocarbon analysis determined their age - 2200 years. Near the graves, the researchers found large amounts of fragments of hardwoods that were commonly used to build rafts. When the mummies were opened, they revealed a striking difference from the main physical type of the ancient Peruvian population.

Here is what the American anthropologist Stuart wrote then: "It was a selected group of large people, absolutely not typical of the population of Peru." While Stewart studied their bones, M. Trotter analyzed the hair of nine mummies. According to her, their color is generally red-brown, but in some cases the samples gave a very light, almost golden hair color. The hair of the two mummies was generally different from the rest - they curled.

Further, Trotter established that the shape of the hair cut in different mummies is different, and almost all forms are found in the burial ... Another indicator is the thickness of the hair. "It is smaller here than in the rest of the Indians, but not as small as in the average European population (for example, the Dutch)."

Trotter herself, a supporter of the "homogeneous" population of America, tried to justify such an unexpected observation for herself by saying that death changes the shape of hair. But this is what another authority in this field, the Englishman Dawson, objected to her: “I believe that after death, there are no significant changes in hair. Curly ones remain curly, smooth ones are just as smooth. After death, they become brittle, but color there is no change."

Francisco Pizarro wrote about the Incas: "The ruling class in the Peruvian kingdom was fair-skinned, the color of ripe wheat. Most of the nobles were surprisingly like the Spaniards. In this country I met an Indian woman so fair-skinned that I was amazed. Neighbors call these people - the children of the gods ..."

It can be assumed that these layers adhered to strict endogamy and spoke a special language. There were 500 such members of the royal families by the arrival of the Spaniards. Chroniclers report that eight rulers of the Inca dynasty were white and bearded, and their wives were "white as an egg."

One of the chroniclers, Garcillaco de la Vega, the son of an Inca queen, left an impressive description of how once, when he was still a child, another dignitary took him to the royal tomb. Ondegardo (that was his name) showed the boy one of the rooms of the palace in Cuzco, where several mummies lay along the wall.

Ondegardo said they were former Inca emperors and he saved their bodies from decay. By chance the boy stopped in front of one of the mummies. Her hair was white as snow. Ondegardo said it was the mummy of the White Inca, the 8th ruler of the Sun. Since it is known that he died at a young age, the whiteness of his hair can in no way be explained by gray hair ...

Comparing the data on the light-pigmented element in America and Polynesia with the legends of Easter Island about their homeland in the East, it can be assumed that white-skinned people went from America to Polynesia (and not vice versa, as some researchers believe). One of the proofs of this is the similar custom of mummification of the bodies of the dead in Polynesia and South America and its complete absence in Indonesia.

Having spread on the shores of Peru, the method of mummification of the nobility was transferred by migrants (white?) to the scattered and unsuitable islets of Polynesia. Two mummies recently found in a cave in the Hawaiian Islands "demonstrated" in detail all the details of this custom in ancient Peru...

So the white deities of the Indians lived in Peru? A superficial acquaintance with the huge and multi-genre literature on the history of Peru is enough to find many references to bearded and white-skinned Indian gods...

Already mentioned by us, Pizarro and his people, robbing and breaking the Inca temples, left detailed descriptions of their actions. In the temple of Cuzco, wiped off the face of the earth, there was a huge statue depicting a man in a long robe and sandals, "exactly the same as that painted by Spanish artists at home" ...

In the temple built in honor of Viracocha, the great god Kon-Tiki Viracocha also stood - a man with a long beard and proud posture, in a long robe. A contemporary of the events wrote that when the Spaniards saw this statue, they thought that St. Bartholomew had reached Peru and the Indians created a monument in memory of this event.

The conquistadors were so amazed by the strange statue that they did not immediately destroy it, and the temple for a while passed the fate of other similar structures. But soon its fragments were dragged away in different directions by poor peasants.

Exploring the territory of Peru, the Spaniards also stumbled upon huge metal structures of pre-Inca times, which also lay in ruins. “When I asked the local Indians who built these ancient monuments,” wrote the Spanish chronicler Cieza de Leon in 1553, “they answered that it was made by another people, bearded and white-skinned, like us Spaniards. These people arrived, long before the Incas and settled here.

How strong and tenacious this legend is, confirms the testimony of the Peruvian archaeologist Valcarcel, who 400 years after de Leon heard from the Indians who lived near the ruins that "these structures were created by a foreign people, white like Europeans." Lake Titicaca turned out to be in the very center of the "activity" of the white god Viracocha, for all the evidence agrees on one thing - there, on the lake, and in the neighboring city of Tiahuanaco, there was the residence of the god.

“They also said,” continues Leon, “that in the past centuries, a people lived on the lake, on the island of Titicaca, white, like us, and one local leader named Kari with his people came to this island and waged war against this people and many killed..."

In a special chapter of his chronicle devoted to the ancient structures of Tiahuanaco, Leon says the following: “I asked the locals if these structures were created during the time of the Incas. They laughed at my question and stated that they knew for sure that all this was done long before the power Incas. They saw bearded men on the island of Titicaca. They were people of a subtle mind, who came from an unknown country, and there were few of them, and many of them were killed in wars ... "

When the Frenchman Bandelier 350 years later began excavations in these places, the legends were still alive. He was told that in ancient times the island was inhabited by people similar to Europeans, they married local women, and their children became Incas ... "Information collected in various regions of Peru differs only in details ... Monk Garcillaso asked his royal uncle about the early history of Peru.

He answered: “Nephew, I will gladly answer your question and what I say, you will forever keep in your heart. Know that in ancient times this whole area, known to you, was covered with forest and thickets, and people lived wild animals - without religion and power, without cities and houses, without cultivation of the land and without clothes, because they did not know how to make fabrics to sew a dress.

They lived in twos or threes in caves or rock crevices, in grottoes underground. They ate turtles and roots, fruits and human flesh. They covered their bodies with leaves and animal skins.

They lived like beasts and treated women like animals too, because they didn’t know how to live each with one woman ... "De Leon adds Garcillazo: "Immediately after this, a white man of high stature appeared and he had great authority. They say that in many villages he taught people how to live normally. Everywhere they called him the same - Tikki Viracocha. And in honor of him they built temples and erected statues in them ... "

When the chronicler Betanzos, who took part in the first Peruvian campaigns of the Spaniards, asked the Indians what Viracocha looked like, they replied that he was tall, in a white robe to the heels, his hair was fixed on his head with a tonsure, he walked importantly and held something in his hands. something like a prayer book.

Where did Viracocha come from? There is no single answer to this question. "Many believe that his name is Inga Viracocha, and it means "sea foam," remarks the chronicler Zarate. Gomara, on the other hand, claims that, according to the stories of the old Indians, he led his people across the sea.

The most common name Kon-Tiki Viracocha consists of three names for the same white deity. In pre-Inca times it was known along the coast as Kon and inland as Tikki. But when, with the coming to power of the Incas, their language (Quechua) spread throughout the region, the Incas learned that these two names refer to the same deity, which they themselves called Viracocha. And then all three names were connected ...

The legends of the Chimu Indians tell that a white deity came from the north, from the sea, and then rose to Lake Titicaca. The "humanization" of Viracocha is most clearly manifested in those legends where various purely earthly qualities are attributed to him - they call him smart, cunning, kind, but at the same time they call him the Son of the Sun ...

Many legends agree that he sailed on reed boats to the shores of Lake Titicaca and created the megalithic city of Tiahuanaco. From here he sent bearded ambassadors to all parts of Peru to teach people and say that he is their creator. But, in the end, dissatisfied with the behavior of the inhabitants, he decided to leave their lands.

Throughout the vast Inca empire, until the arrival of the Spaniards, the Indians unanimously named the path along which Viracocha and his associates left. They descended to the Pacific coast and sailed west along the sea with the sun. As we can see, they went towards Polynesia, and came from the north...

In the north of the Inca state, in the mountains of Colombia, lived the Chibcha, another mysterious people who reached a high level of culture by the arrival of the Spaniards. Their legends also contain information about the white teacher Bochik. Its description is the same as that of the Incas. He ruled over them for many years and was also called Sua, meaning "sun" in local dialects. He came to them from the east...

To the east of the Chibcha region, in Venezuela and neighboring areas, we again come across evidence of the presence of a mysterious wanderer. He was called there Tsuma (or Sume) and was reported to have taught them agriculture. According to one of the legends, he ordered all people to gather around a high rock, stood on it and told them the laws and instructions. Having lived with people, he left them.

The Kuna Indians live immediately north of Colombia and Venezuela in the area of ​​today's Panama Canal. They preserved reports that after a severe flood someone came and taught people crafts. With him were several young associates who spread his teachings.

Farther north, in Mexico, the high civilization of the Aztecs was flourishing by the time of the Spanish invasion. From Anahuac (modern Texas) to the Yucatan, the Aztecs spoke of the white god Quetzalcoatl. According to legend, he was the fifth ruler of the Toltecs, came from the land of the Rising Sun (of course, the Aztecs did not mean the country that we mean by this name) and wore a long cape.

He ruled for a long time in Tollan, forbidding human sacrifice and preaching peace. People no longer killed animals and ate plant foods. But it didn't last long. The devil forced Quetzalcoatl to indulge in vanity and wallow in sins. However, he soon felt ashamed of his weaknesses and decided to leave the country. Before leaving, the god made all the tropical birds fly away and turned the trees into thorny bushes. He disappeared in a southerly direction...

Cortés' Map of the Segunda has an excerpt from Montezuma's speech:

"We know from the writings that we inherited from our ancestors that neither I nor anyone else inhabiting this country are its native inhabitants. We came from other lands. We also know that we are descending from the ruler, whose subordinates we were. He came to this country, he again wanted to leave and take his people with him. But they had already married local women, built houses and did not want to go with him. And he left. Since then, we have been waiting that he will when someday he will return. He will return from the same direction you came from, Cortez..."

We already know at what price the Aztecs paid for their "come true" dream...

As scientists have proven, the neighbors of the Aztecs - the Maya also did not always live in today's places, but migrated from other areas. The Maya themselves say that their ancestors came twice. The first time - it was the largest migration - from across the ocean, from the east, from where 12 threads-paths were laid, and Itzamna led them.

Another group, smaller, came from the west and among them was Kukulkan. They all had flowing robes, sandals, long beards, and uncovered heads. Kukulkan is remembered as the builder of the pyramids and the founder of the city of Mayapac and Chichen Itza. He also taught the Maya how to use weapons... And again, as in Peru, he leaves the country and goes towards the setting sun...

A traveler traveling from the Yucatan to the west must certainly pass through the Zeltal region in the Tabasco jungle. The legends of the population of these places store information about Wotan, who came from the regions of Yucatan. Brinton, a great connoisseur of American myths, says that few folk-hero myths have generated as much speculation as the myth of Wotan. In distant epochs, Wotan came from the East. He was sent by the gods to divide the earth, distribute it to the human races and give each its own language.

The country from which he came was called Valum Votana. When Wotan's embassy arrived in Zelltal, the people were "in a deplorable state". He distributed them among the villages, taught them how to cultivate cultivated plants, and invented hieroglyphic writing, samples of which remained on the walls of their temples. It is also said that he wrote his story there. The myth ends very strangely: "When the time for the sad departure finally came, he did not go through the valley of death, like all mortals, but passed through a cave into the underworld."

But in reality, the mysterious Wotan did not go underground, but on the Soke plateau and received the name Kondoy there. Soke, about whose mythology almost nothing is known, were the neighbors of the inhabitants of Zeltal. According to their legend, the father god came and taught them how to live. They also did not believe in his death, but believed that he, in a light golden robe, retired to the cave and, having closed the hole, went to other peoples ...

To the south of the Maya Soque lived the Quiche of Guatemala, culturally close to the Maya. From their sacred book "Popol Vuh" we learn that their people were also familiar with a wanderer passing through the lands. The Kiche called him Gugumats.

The white bearded god passed from the shores of the Yucatan through all of Central and South America to the Peruvian coast and sailed west towards Polynesia. This was witnessed by the legends of the Indians and the chronicles of the early Spanish observers. Is there any archaeological evidence left? Or maybe the white-skinned and bearded aliens were just a ghost, a product of the inflamed mind of the Indians?

The medieval Spaniards did not destroy all the statues. Some people managed to hide something. When in 1932 the archaeologist Bennett was excavating in Tiwanaku, he came across a red stone figurine depicting the god Kon-Tiki Viracocha in a long robe, with a beard.

His hoodie was adorned with horned snakes and two cougars, symbols of the highest deity in Mexico and Peru. Bennett pointed out that this figurine was identical to that found on the shores of Lake Titicaca, just on the peninsula closest to the island of the same name.

Other similar sculptures were found around the lake. On the Peruvian coast, Viracocha was immortalized in ceramics and drawings - there was no stone for figurines. The authors of these drawings are the early Chimu and Mochika. Similar things are found in Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador. It should be noted that A. Humboldt noted the bearded images, looking at the drawings of ancient manuscripts stored in the Imperial Library of Vienna in 1810. Colored fragments of the frescoes of the temples of Chichen Itza have also come down to us, telling about the sea battle of black and white people. These drawings have not been solved so far ...

White bearded deities of the Indians... Quetzalcoatl, Kukulkan, Gugumats, Bochika, Sua... What do modern scientists say about all this? Undoubtedly, a wide range of sources indicates the spread of a light-pigmented population in the New World. But when was it? Where did it come from?

How could this Caucasoid (by Heyerdahl's definition) minority maintain its racial type during the long migration from Mexico to Peru and Polynesia, passing through areas inhabited by numerous Indian tribes? The last question can be answered by a simple mention of European gypsies - the situation was approximately the same. Strict observance of endogamy - marriage within an ethnic group - contributed to the preservation of the anthropological type. “They say that the sun married his sister and told his children to do the same,” says an Indian legend, recorded in 1609 ...

"There are no white Indians that Fossett writes about in his book in America..." Apparently, there are nonetheless. In 1926, the American ethnographer Harris studied the Indians of San Blas and wrote that their hair was the color of flax and straw and the complexion of a white man.

More recently, the French explorer Omay described an encounter with an Indian tribe called the Waika, who had chestnut-colored hair. "The so-called" white race ", - he wrote, - even with a superficial examination, has a lot of representatives among the Amajo Indians." The American selva has the ability to isolate no less than an island, and centuries of isolation ...

We have raised only a few testimonies of the Spanish chroniclers, only a part of the legends of the American Indians and a small fraction of archaeological and anthropological evidence - the surface part of the iceberg ... Who were these white bearded gods? That they are not aliens - that's for sure. Their origin is clearly terrestrial. Ancient creators of megalithic structures of the Old and New Worlds? Sea Peoples? Cretans? Phoenicians? Or maybe both? There are many interesting points of view on this. But that's a topic for another big discussion...

N. Nepomniachtchi, journalist

"Secrets of Ages"