The expedition to the enterprises of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region has taken place! From November 21 to 26, I visited a dozen different enterprises Northern capital and its surroundings, where I was lucky enough not only to make photo reports, but also to conduct interviews. The first enterprise that I inspected was the Leningrad shipyard "Pella", located in the city of Otradnoye. This is what we will talk about today.
The main products of the Pella plant are new generation tugs, modern, comfortable and reliable, because they work successfully in all major ports and naval bases of Russia. Individual specimens can be found abroad: in Latvia, Lithuania, even in Italy.
Almost every one of my Severodvinsk reports features a tugboat manufactured by Pella. The tugboats of the Northern Fleet "Viktor Tikhonov" and "Anatoly Tarasov", as well as the tugboat of the Severodvinsk enterprise "Zvezdochka" "Alexander Zryachev" are real "workhorses" and perform the most difficult tasks, including the removal of ships under construction and repair from the waters of the enterprises "Zvezdochka" ", "Sevmash" and the Belomorsk naval base.
The company is located on two sites - old and new. The old one is located on the territory of the former Pellina Palace, where the plant management, the engineering division "Pella-Mash" and "Pella-Fiord" (fiberglass shipbuilding) are located. The new site is located on the border of the city and the region in the village of Sapernoye.
The old site is located on the territory of the former Pellinsky Palace, built under Catherine II. Today, all that remains of the palace, dismantled to its foundations by order of Paul I, is the carriage stable building and the outbuilding of the Postal Station.
4. Carriage stable building and outbuilding of the Postal Station of the Pellina Palace complex.
In the 30s of the twentieth century, a trailer plant of the USSR Ministry of Forestry Industry was built on this territory, and in 1950 shipbuilding production was organized there, after which the main products of the plant became tugboats, speedboats, pilot boats and other small vessels.
In 1957, the enterprise was renamed the Leningrad Ship Mechanical Plant. The enterprise's capacity has grown over time, and new directions have been developed. Thus, in the 1960s, a new direction, fiberglass shipbuilding, appeared at the plant. The first examples of such vessels were the Nadezhda catchers for the Vostok fishing base, hydrographic vessels of the Kaira type, Bekas workboats, and light vessels of all domestic deep-sea vehicles for exploring the World Ocean.
5. Boat of project LM 4-87.
In 1965, the enterprise, as a pilot production facility, was transferred to the Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, and its historical name "Pella" was returned to it - the Leningrad Shipyard "Pella".
Since the 70s, with the direct participation of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Customs Union, the production of technological equipment for the shipbuilding industry has been mastered: painting machines, pipe bending machines, thermal metal cutting machines.
In 1992, the enterprise was privatized and became an open joint-stock company "Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant "Pella" (since 06/21/1996 - Open Joint-Stock Company "Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant "Pella").
In 2012, construction began on a new site in the village of Saperny, thanks to which it became possible to build ships and vessels with greater length and draft and with more convenient launching.
6. New shipbuilding complex "Pella".
In 2016, the company was leased the property of the Feodosia shipbuilding plant "More" (Crimea).
Today, Pella is a joint-stock company, which includes 8 subsidiaries and affiliates, owning a territory of 33 hectares and assets sufficient to conduct a successful business.
First site (old)
The construction of the order begins not only with sheet metal, but also with the receipt of the remaining necessary equipment for the future vessel/ship at the warehouse.
7. PALFINGER PC 2300 crane stored in a warehouse for a future tug.
Then, in the hull assembly shop, the assembly of the structures of the future vessel begins.
8. Hull assembly shop. Here the assembly of large structures of the future vessel takes place.
9. Inside the body assembly shop.
10. Factory administration building. Also inside there is a canteen and a first aid station with massage room. Behind there is a whole network of metalworking and machine tool assembly workshops.
After the large structure is assembled, it is transported to the workshop near the outfitting embankment. Finished blocks are transported from the hull assembly shop to the boathouse, where the finished hull is assembled from the blocks.
After the ship's hull is completed, it begins to be equipped with equipment and painted.
11. Project 16609 tug
The vessel is launched using trolleys and a transborder.
12. Construction of a tugboat of project PE65. The transborder rails are visible on the left.
Then the tug, in a high degree of readiness, is brought out on slipway trolleys to the site and lowered into the water along an inclined slipway.
13. Transborder rails. It is through them that the water order is launched.
14. The raid tug "Volchok" at the outfitting embankment of the enterprise. Its construction is being carried out for the Navy.
15. Road tug "Volchok" and slipway workshop.
16. Random guests.
On the existing territory of the plant, there are restrictions on the draft of ships under construction of no more than 3.54 m due to the rapids on the Neva fairway. Therefore, now the plant has the ability to build technical fleet vessels: tugs, pilot boats and other special vessels, with a draft of no more than 4 m and a length of up to 50 m in the amount of 12 - 15 units. in year. Of these, the plant annually produces at least 5–9 vessels according to government orders from various federal departments.
17. Mast of the future tug.
Second site (new)
Construction of the new site began on July 16, 2012 in the village of Saperny Leningrad region on the section between the St. Petersburg Otradnoe road and the Neva River embankment.
On a new section of the river. There are no restrictions on thresholds on the Neva, so Pella plans to organize serial construction there and descent to 10 sea vessels per year, length up to 100 m, width up to 22 m, with draft up to 8 m. Including:
special vessels of the technical fleet: high-power tugs with reinforced ice class, hydrographic and other special vessels, including for ensuring the operation of infrastructure facilities of the Northern Sea Route;
loans to the fishing fleet (vessels for longline fishing for ground fish, mid-depth trawlers, scientific research vessels for industry institutes of the Federal Agency for Fisheries), which must be built in Russia in pursuance of paragraphs 1b and 2c of the List of Presidential Instructions Russian Federation on the development of the fishery complex dated March 21, 2013. No. Pr613;
ships for the Russian Navy.
18.Administrative building on the territory of the new site.
At the new site of the Pella shipbuilding enterprise, the construction of ships is carried out in almost the same way as at the old one. It all starts with the delivery of sheet metal and equipment to the warehouse.
19. Multi-ton sheets of metal are moved around the hull processing shop using several overhead magnetic cranes.
20. Rolled sheets awaiting processing
After the metal has arrived at the enterprise, work begins with it in the body-processing shop.
21. Hull processing shop.
Metal sheets pass through dozens of different machines, after working with which an ordinary sheet turns into a part of a future vessel/ship.
22. Hydraulic press SMT.
With the help of machines located in the body-processing shop, a sheet of metal can be given almost any shape.
23. Boscert hydraulic press brake.
24. Sheet bending machine.
The length of the vessel is 63.8 m, width - 10.8 m, maximum draft - 3.8 m, speed - 12 knots, cruising range - 1 thousand miles, autonomy - 20 days, crew - 16 people, expedition members - 20 Human.
An interview with the deputy director of the Pella enterprise will be published on our portal in the near future. The interview will tell in detail about the work of the enterprise, orders, achievements, prospects and problems.
We return towards Veria to the crossing of Aliakmon, but we do not cross the river, but turn left and drive along this road along the river to the monastery. Here, on the slope of the high bank of Aliacmon, at the foot of Mount Pieria, is located Monastery of John the Baptist .
The history of the monastery is lost in the depths of centuries. It is known that here in the 9th century. St. Clement of Ohrid, one of the “developers” of the Cyrillic alphabet, took monastic vows. In the monastery, according to its own will, the head of the saint is kept as a relic.
By the 14th century this region is falling into disrepair. At this time, the great enlightener Saint Gregory Palamas and his disciples settled in the caves near the monastery. In the same years, Saint Athanasius also passed through the monastery of the Baptist, who later founded the Great Meteor monastery.
In the 16th century From Holy Mount Athos, Saint Dionysius, abbot of the Philotheus Monastery, came to these places and founded a cenobitic monastery here. Later, unwilling to give in to the demands of the inhabitants of Veria, who insisted that the saint become their bishop, Dionysius withdrew and subsequently founded the monastery of the Holy Trinity on Olympus, which today bears his name. Saint Nikephoros, founder of the monastery in Zavorda (region of Grevena), was a friend and associate of Saint Dionysius.
In total, the memory of twelve saints, one way or another connected with the monastery, is honored here. All of them visited the monastery, lived for a long time or for a short time under the shadow of the monastery of John the Baptist.
After the uprising in Naoussa in 1822, the Turks burned all the monasteries in the area, including this one. However, the monks were able to hide the relics in time. When they returned, they found only scorched lands. Everything was restored only by 1835. Today, the monastery has the appearance it acquired at that time.
In front of the entrance to the monastery there is a gazebo with a spring. Entering the gate inside the fortress walls of the monastery, we will find ourselves in the first monastery courtyard. Peacocks walk around here, and in the monastery shop you can buy whatever you like. Moreover, during our arrival the seller was not there, and we could take the selected items and throw money for them into a box adapted for this purpose. I purchased a pilgrim's guide and a CD of church hymns here.
Further behind another gate is a second courtyard. There is a refectory and a synodal hall here. On the left is the entrance to the cave. Even further away is the Catholicon, main temple. This is a three-nave basilica dedicated to the Beheading of the Venerable Head of John the Baptist. To the left of the church is a spring; the gazebo built above it serves today as a bell tower. Opposite the temple there is a wing with cells. The newly built terrace next to the church offers wonderful views of the Alyacmon River and the mountains.
If you go further along the low corridor, you can get to the western wing of the monastery. We were not there and I don’t know if this passage is accessible to visitors to the monastery. Here are located the monastic cells as well as the building where the seminary functioned for ten years until 1915. At the end is the old catholicon of the monastery, built in 1622.
Outside the monastery, in the west, there is a waterfall, and behind it the caves in which the holy inhabitants of the monastery lived, including Gregory Palamas.
The famous ruler Alexander was born in this city. In the ancient city of Pella, every stone breathes thousands of years of history.
Alexander created a majestic empire that united peoples and countries. Much from those times has survived to this day. Everything here reminds us of the creation of civilization, which even today keeps numerous secrets and mysteries.
Historians do not know who decided to create a royal capital from a small town, but 2400 years ago, King Archelaus built a luxurious palace here, known as one of the best examples of ancient architecture and visual arts. The first mentions of the city date back to the time of the campaign of King Darius and the famous battle of the Spartans.
The growing influence of the Macedonian kings was also expanded by Pella. From small town with a favorable location, where it was possible to perfectly defend against enemies, it rose to the title of capital of the formidable Macedonian kingdom.
City of the King of Kings
In the 4th century BC the city became one of the most major cities a young and rapidly growing kingdom. The rulers of Macedonia, which began to unite most of the Greek lands, were born and died here. The famous commander, creator of the largest Hellenistic state, Alexander the Great or Alexander III the Great, was born in the city.
Alexander's heirs made Pella one of the largest and most brilliant cities of the new empire. Then the city experienced periods of prosperity and decline, but after a major earthquake at the beginning of the 1st century BC, it was almost completely destroyed.
Restoring the memory of Pella
Only in the early 20s of our century, archaeologists were able to begin excavations and searches for an answer to the question of whether the capital of Macedonia was actually in Pella. The excavations delighted scientists. A huge number of well-preserved artifacts from ancient Greek times were found here.
The Pella Archaeological Museum is a treasure trove of modern knowledge about the times of the kings, the exploits of heroes and battles for freedom.
Today, travelers can spend hours enjoying the artifacts of this ancient era. Scientists carefully studied everything that could be recovered from the ruins and found the remains of a magnificent city.
There was a palace here, located on 6 hectares. In the center of the city there was a large agora square for meetings, holidays, and trade. The wide streets were carefully planned. The ancient inhabitants of Pella lived in 500-plus houses with one- or two-story structures. The houses are richly decorated with mosaics, sculptures and paintings. The unique mosaics in the Pella houses have been preserved. It is considered the pinnacle achievement of ancient Greek culture due to the richness and brightness of the images and the realism of the images.
Ancient Pella is a reflection of the Greek civilization, which created the foundation of modern civilization. Today's Pella is a rich in antiquities and spectacular open-air museum city.
Ancient city Pella, also known locally as Tabaqit Fahl, is known for its rich history. There are many interesting archaeological sites here, most of which date back to the Greco-Roman, Islamic and Byzantine periods (12th to 14th centuries AD). But some of the finds made here are among the oldest evidence of human culture. Excavations on the territory of Pella are still ongoing - the city is beloved by archaeologists as most interesting object for research.
Pella is located in the north of the Jordan Valley, near Amman. In the Greco-Roman era, the city was part of the Decapolis (Decapolis) - an association of ten economically and culturally developed cities.
The city of Pella owes its name to the city of the same name, where Alexander the Great was born. Just like in the commander’s homeland, there were healing hot springs here, so the soldiers of Alexander the Great gave the city the same name - Pella. But the city itself was founded long before the reign of Alexander the Great. Thanks to unique archaeological finds, it can be argued that settled life existed on the territory of Pella already in the Paleolithic era. In the second millennium BC. Pella was already a city.
The main attraction of Pella is the ruins of a Byzantine large temple complex. It was built by Christians and was used for Christian worship, despite the established Islam in the region.
The ruins of the great ancient theater - the Odeon - are also a significant find for archaeologists. It was built in the 1st century AD. downtown. Near the Odeon, several ancient fountains have been preserved, of which the Roman Nymphaeum fountain deserves special attention. Among the Byzantine churches preserved in Pella, it is worth paying attention to the Eastern and Western ones. The Eastern Church is located on a high hill, with observation deck which offers an excellent view of the city - a particularly good place for photography. The Western Church, whose construction dates back to the 4th century AD, was badly damaged by the earthquake - all that remains of it are three columns that were part of the colonnade of the courtyard.
Tourists will also see in ancient Pella such ancient monuments as: a residential area of the early Islamic period - streets, houses, shops; and the ruins of a mosque built during the Mamluk period.
Speaking of rare and ancient monuments that tourists can see in Pella, it is worth noting the remains of cities fortified for the purpose of defense from the Bronze and Iron Ages; artifacts that relate to the Old and New Testaments; traces of Chalcolithic human settlement (4th century BC). As a result of modern excavations carried out not so long ago, evidence was found that ancient settlements existed in Pella 10 thousand years ago.
An excursion to the ancient city of Pella, where everything is literally imbued with antiquity and antiquity, will remain in your memory for a long time.
You've probably heard more than once about a certain Macedonian state? In any case, about its king - the great Alexander the Great, for sure. So this is the city Pella – ancient capital the great Macedonian kingdom, the place where Alexander the Great was actually born.
During the reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great, Pella flourished and was the most big city Macedonia. Today, the ruins of an ancient family lie in the very center of the region, 40 km from. Every year, many tourists come here to wander around the once thriving rich city.
The excavation site is a huge archaeological park and museum, on the territory of which the ruins of the city that have reached us are located. Here you can see sanctuary of Aphrodite And Temple of Demeter, as well as the famous palace ruins with mosaic floors. These mosaics are one of Pella's main treasures. Made from river pebbles, they depict pictures of the daily life of the ancient Greeks and events from myths - the abduction of Helen the Beautiful, the battle of the Amazons or a deer hunt. All researchers and specialists unanimously declare that this level of skill was not only rare in ancient world, but the mosaic technique itself significantly influenced the development of art in Greece - for the first time, the image seems “volumetric” thanks to the use of pebbles of different shades. By the way, pay attention to how skillfully the pebbles are matched to each other - not only in size, but also in shape!
Another local attraction is central square ancient Pella - Agora - designed by the famous Greek architect Hippodamus. Despite the ancient age, the agora had its own water supply and sewerage system. Around the main square are the ruins of once luxurious houses in the Doric and Ionic styles, and there is also a low hill in the center of the city Acropolis and the ruins of the palace complex with total area almost 6 hectares - there was plenty of room to turn around!... The large, rectangular area of the agora was surrounded by Doric porticoes, behind which there were shops and pottery workshops; to the north of the square there was a temple of Aphrodite with ritual halls and a Sanctuary of nymphs.
Most of the unique mosaics and other artifacts found during the excavations are now stored in, which lies across the road from the main excavation area. The museum contains a collection of more than 3 thousand exhibits: jewelry made of gold and precious stones, magnificent ancient exhibits - architectural and topographical drawings, vases, statues and figurines, coins of the Hellenistic and Macedonian periods, and much more.
On the territory of the museum there is a cafe where you can have a snack and a cup of coffee, and there is also a souvenir shop. Entrance to the archaeological site is 6 euros (including museum admission).
