Ship's magnetic compass and other types of ship's compasses

Magnetic compass is an indispensable component of navigation equipment

Magnetic compass is a navigation device that implements the physical principle of the ability of a magnetic needle to orient itself along the magnetic lines of the Earth, with the help of which the ship’s course is determined, as well as directions to objects directly observed by the navigator. Ideal magnetic compass indicates the direction north along the Earth's magnetic meridian, passing through the magnetic poles. Accuracy magnetic compasses decreases as it approaches the magnetic poles.

When determining the direction of movement of the ship, it is taken into account that the magnetic and geographic poles do not coincide, and the angle between the corresponding magnetic and true meridians, called magnetic declination, is non-zero. In addition, vibrations of the Earth’s magnetosphere and the own magnetic field of ships, which contain magnets in their design, contribute to the readings magnetic compass interference called deviation magnetic compass. Direction indicated magnetic compass, corresponds to the compass meridian, therefore the deviation of the magnetic compass is defined as the angle between the magnetic meridian and the compass meridian. To determine the true course, magnetic declination and deviation are taken into account magnetic compass.

Composition of a ship's magnetic compass:

• Pot with card
• Binnacle
• Direction finder
• Deviation device

Bowler magnetic compass is a cylindrical container made of two parts located one below the other. The upper one contains a card that moves freely in a solution of ethyl alcohol - a non-magnetic disk with a printed scale and magnetic arrows, and the lower one - compensates for changes in the volume of the compass liquid, depending on external reasons, for example, ambient temperature. The gimbal compensates for ship motion.

Binnacle magnetic compass- in fact, a housing with a protective cap, shock-absorbing suspension and lighting; inside it there is also a deviation device, the purpose of which is to “destroy” deviation magnetic compass. However, even taking into account the “destruction”, the direction calculations take into account the residual deviation, which changes as the ship moves.

Direction finder magnetic compass determines angular directions to visible objects. In a simplified way, the direction finder consists of targets (eye and object) fixed to the base and a deflector cup. The direction finder rotates relative to the azimuthal circle. The object target has a folding mirror to obtain the bearing of celestial objects.

Types of ship's compasses:

Magnetic compass- not the only design option ship's compass. Manufacturers also offer gyroscopic compasses(based on a gyroscope), indicating the direction of the true pole, not the magnetic one, and guaranteeing accuracy of readings at high latitudes, but is sensitive to ship accelerations; electronic compasses, operating through data interfaces, transmitting information to a compatible ship equipment; satellite compasses– devices whose operation is based on satellite positioning information – a common type ship's compasses, offered by a large number of manufacturers and ensuring accurate measurements. Selection of construction type ship's compass depends on the type of vessel and equipment, economic feasibility and welfare of the shipowner.

To choose and buy ship's compass, you need to either understand the industry, or contact the company "", whose engineers have implemented dozens of projects for equipping ships of all types with all types of ship equipment, including magnetic compasses, typical for small fleets.

On the pages of the online store catalog "" are presented magnetic compasses world-class manufacturers, as well as Russian devices of equal quality. The company accepts orders for equipping ships magnetic compasses world brands such as:

• Magnetic compasses purchased from " Marinek", tested by practice and time.

  Market ship's compasses is wide, so when choosing a specific model it will be useful to listen to the opinions of engineers. When equipping your own ship with equipment, remember that comfort on board depends on the trouble-free operation of all ship systems, including magnetic compass and other “little things” without which it is impossible to imagine a modern ship.

The next day, the frigate "Ringing" was again carelessly running under sail in the open ocean, and classes continued on its deck.

– First of all, I want to tell you that sailors do not speak “to O mpas", and "comp A s,” said Yakov Platonovich, because it was his turn to get acquainted with this nautical instrument.

Proof of this is another sea song by the writer Alexander Green, I really like it.

The Southern Cross is shining in the distance,

With the first wind the computer will wake up A With.

God protects the ships

May he have mercy on us...

So that God really keeps the ship in long voyage, sailors themselves must skillfully manage their ship. And the compass in this matter is their main and reliable assistant.

Certainly, nautical compass differs from a land compass not only in the emphasis in the name...

- Also big, right? – asked Vasya.

– The size is a given. – But there is a fundamental difference in design.

In an ordinary tourist or school compass, a magnetic needle runs on the needle. Walks with its end over a round scale with divisions and letters.

And in a marine compass, the scale itself sits on a needle.

It's called KART U SHKA. Similar to the word "card". This is a round card with degree divisions, made of waterproof cardboard or plastic.

– Is the compass flooded with waves? – Anton was surprised.

- Of course not. It is closed on top with waterproof glass with a rubber gasket. The card needs waterproofing for something else... Let's look at the structure of the marine compass in more detail, then you will understand everything.

Yakov Platonovich opened the cabinet and took out a small black vessel. Instead of handles, the vessel had a ring around the top.

- Bowler hat! – Anton was surprised. - I got smoked at the fire...

- You are right. This body of the ship's magnetic compass is called a bowler hat. His bottom is heavy. Therefore, when the bowler is suspended in this ring (it is called a cardan ring), the compass maintains an even horizontal position during any motion.

But, of course, the pot is not smoked, but painted black. It's actually brass. It cannot be made of iron; the magnetic needles would immediately become confused.

At the bottom of the pot there is a pin with a point made of very durable metal. The card sits on a stiletto heel.

The compass card is designed like this. In its center there is a hollow float made of thin brass. It looks like a flattened ball. At the bottom there is a small inverted cup made of hard stone (usually agate). It's called topka (similar to the word "top", isn't it?). Fire the float and put it on the tip of the stud. It fits on the stiletto heels very easily. A special liquid is poured into the pot, and a float in the liquid makes the card almost weightless...

- So that’s why the card is waterproof! Because in liquid! - Anton guessed.

“A weightless card, of course, spins easier on the needle,” Slava noted.

“And besides,” said Yakov Platonovich, “the liquid serves as a brake for the card: it prevents it from spinning aimlessly and dangling too much...

But, to be precise, the card inside the compass does not rotate. Almost. At least she always tries to stay still. And the compass pot revolves around her. Along with the ship. Yes, yes!.. The fact is that arrows are attached to the bottom of the float - magnetized steel strips in lead pencil cases. There are several of them. Some compasses have two, but this Russian-style one has six...

– For balance? – asked Slava.

- Not only. Several arrows maintain the north-south direction more accurately than one.

While maintaining this position, the arrows also hold the float with the card. Therefore, the card with its northern mark (there is the number 0 and the letter N) always faces north, no matter which direction the ship is sailing.

Do you see what happens? The ship changes course, its hull turns, and with it the compass bowl with a black wire stretched in it—the course thread—turns. And thanks to the arrows, the card is always in the same position. The course thread runs in front of its edge and shows the course. Because on the card there are indications of the cardinal points and all 360 degrees. Zero degrees is exactly north.

Compass device

When it is necessary to determine where the ship is going, they look at the compass and report what the course line shows. For example: “Course forty-five degrees” or “heading north-east”...

– What is “Nord-East”? – asked Ksenya.

- Northeast. But more on that later. Let's finish the question about the design of the compass.

Look, a bubble is floating in the liquid under the glass. The fact is that this compass is old; it was given to me when it had already served its useful life. In general, there should be no bubbles in the liquid. To do this, at the bottom of the compass there is a special elastic plate - a membrane, and under it a small chamber with air. The membrane, due to the elasticity of the air, props up the liquid and squeezes out the bubbles.

Compasses come in different sizes. They differ in the diameter (that is, the transverse width) of the card. This one is big, 127 mm. It is installed on large ships. There are smaller ones - 100 mm. And there are boat compasses, they have a 75-mm card.

“Just like the caliber of shells,” Vasya noted.

- Yes. But a compass is a peaceful thing, it serves for safe navigation. Without it, no captain will go to the open sea.

-What kind of liquid is in the pot? – asked the inquisitive Slava. – She won’t freeze if the ship floats among the ice, near the pole?

“It doesn’t freeze even in severe frost.” Sometimes it is a mixture of glycerin and alcohol. And in the compasses of this system there is simply a solution of ethyl alcohol, in other words, wine alcohol...

Vasya giggled. Yakov Platonovich also grinned:

– Yes, there are many anecdotes about this: about navigators who poured the contents of a cauldron into themselves and confused north with south... Remember, I talked about the Neptune festival, which was organized by trainees on the Barquentine? There was also such an episode in their performance: during the exam, Neptune asks a question:

Well, who will tell me now,

what is l and s e l - s p i r t?

You, of course, remember that this is a part of the spar for an additional sail. But in the play, the “stupid” cadets do not know this. And one bravely answers:

But this is, of course, just for fun. I have met all sorts of sailors in my life, including those who loved to take a sip. But I have never seen such idiots who would try to use the contents of a compass pot for this... Well, we laughed and moved on.

On a large ship there are usually several compasses. The main one is called the main one. It is installed on the upper bridge, the ship's course is assigned to it and the readings of other compasses are checked. The routing compass stands in front of the helm - the helmsman guides the ship along it. There may be several more compasses in different places on the ship - spare ones and for additional control.

In one maritime museum I saw an antique compass especially for the captain. He is upside down. Instead of a bottom, there is glass in the pot, and you can see the card through it. Such a compass was screwed to the ceiling of the cabin. The captain could follow the course without leaving his bunk. I slept, opened my eyes slightly, made sure that everything was in order and - you can continue to dream while experienced assistants are on watch...

But usually compasses are mounted not on the ceiling, but on special bedside tables - wooden or made of a non-magnetic alloy.

This bedside table is called a binnacle. Translated from Dutch - “night house”. Because on such a bedside table the compass is always under a special cover or cap - like in a house under a roof. And at night there is a light on. In calm weather it looks cozy - like a light in a forest hut. I remember in one book I read the following verses:

We are floating in the darkness without lights,

Having escaped all pursuits.

And only furtively at the stern

Burns like a candle on the window,

Binnacle fire...

Binnacles come in different shapes. On the Meridian we had a wooden one at the helm, and the cap over the compass looked like a copper diver's helmet with cylindrical attachments on the sides. These were spare oil lamps for illuminating the map - in case the engine deteriorated, there was no electricity and the light in the bottom of the compass pot went out...

And inside any binnacle there is a special device with magnets to eliminate compass errors.

– Are there any errors in a compass? – Vasya was surprised.

- Certainly. Every ship, even a wooden one, has a lot of all kinds of iron. It greatly influences the magnetic needles under the card... Those who have read the book “The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain” remember how the villain Negoro put an iron bar under the compass. The card went astray, and the brigantine "Pilgrim" sailed past America... Well, now there cannot be such huge mistakes, but there are as many small annoying errors as you like.

By the way, the deflection of the compass card under the influence of the ship's iron is called d e v i a c i i . To reduce it, there are magnet regulators in the binnacle.

But it is rarely possible to completely eliminate deviation. Therefore, the navigator must always take it into account when plotting a course - add or subtract degrees of correction.

It is also necessary to take into account magnetic declination.

The fact is that the geographic poles of the Earth - North and South - do not coincide with the magnetic poles that control compass needles. For example, the North Magnetic Pole is located in Greenland. Magnetic poles tilt needles away from true north and south. Far from the poles this is not very noticeable, but in polar waters the difference is great. This difference between the directions to the magnetic and geographic poles is called magnetic declination. It is measured in degrees and can be eastern or western - depending on where the magnetic force pulls card from the geographic pole. More precisely, from the meridian that passes through this pole.

It must be said that meridians can also be drawn through magnetic poles. They are called magnetic. And the meridians running through the geographic poles are called true.

Magnetic declination is the angle between the true and magnetic meridian.

To make the work of navigators easier, compass cards are printed on nautical charts and they indicate what the declination is in this area of ​​the sea.

There is always a lot of fuss with declination and deviation, and to avoid it, engineers came up with compasses without magnetic needles, said Yakov Platonovich.

– How do these compasses work? – Slava was amazed.

– I’ll explain now... Ksenya, yesterday I was repairing your bicycle and removed the front wheel. Please bring it from the hallway.

Of course, Vasya got ahead of Ksenya and brought the wheel himself.

“Slava, hold it by the axle, on both sides,” Yakov Platonovich ordered. – And try to unwind the rest... Be careful... Be careful, but stronger... That's it. Now, Slava, try to quickly turn the axle, change the inclination of the wheel...

Slava tried it. Did not work out! The wheel rustling rapidly in the air did not obey the boy! It and its axis wanted to remain in the same position.

- You see! – Yakov Platonovich said joyfully. – This is called the e f f e c t g i r o s k o p a.

A gyroscope is a rapidly rotating disk or top. It always tries to maintain the position of its axis in space.

- Like a children's spinning top! – Anton exclaimed. – She doesn’t fall when she spins either!

- Right! Yula is also a gyroscope... Now imagine that one end of the axis is directed to the north, and the other, thus, faces south. We spin the disk... The axis is instead of an arrow. And no magnetization is needed.

- How simple! – Ksenya exclaimed.

- No, friends. I try to explain this more simply. In fact, the axis will not look at the poles for a long time: after all, the Earth changes its position in space - unlike the gyroscope. Therefore, the compass, which is called a gyroscopic compass, is a very complex device. It contains a whole system of gyroscope tops, they are hidden inside a hollow ball - a gyro sphere. The gyrosphere has an amazing property. When gyroscopes are launched in it with the help of electricity, under their action, as well as under the influence of the rotation of the Earth, it rises to the desired position - with the northern mark of its ring exactly at the North Geographic Pole.

True, the gyrosphere does not do this right away, but gradually. And there is no need to rush her. Therefore, the gyrocompass is turned on in advance before swimming.

“I’d like to see,” said Slava, who finally lowered the wheel (his hands were tired).

– Unfortunately, I don’t have a gyrocompass. This is a very expensive thing and, moreover, bulky. The size of a barrel... The gyrocompass is installed deep in the hull of the ship so that there are fewer mechanical influences.

– And there, in the depths, does the navigator climb every time to check the course? – Slava was upset.

- Not at all! From this compass, which is called the uterus, electrical cables stretch to special devices - repeaters, translated into Russian, “repeater” means “repeating”.

Repeaters are similar to magnetic compasses. Only their cards are controlled not by magnetic needles, but by electrical signals coming from the gyrocompass. And all repeaters have the same readings.

The convenience is that there can be as many repeaters as you like and you can place them throughout the ship.

- But that means there is some inconvenience? – Slava asked shrewdly.

- Unfortunately, there is. The gyrocompass is a capricious device... We had a navigator on the Barquentine who loved to tell an anecdote with a kind of Odessa humor.

“Two ships are sailing along the Black Sea. One watchman shouts from the side to the other:

- Hey, brothers-sailors, where are you going?!

- What is it, you don’t see it yourself, right? It’s clear that it’s for Odessa-mother!

- No, listen to what this man is telling me! We are going to Odessa, and you are doing the opposite!

– What are you telling me, young man! Where is Odessa here? In the north! Where is our sunshine? Back to Pivden, because now it’s neatly twelve o’clock. It shines in our stern. So we are moving north!

- What do you want to say? Why is the sun always in the south every noon?

- Ha! Don’t you know such simple astronomy? How then, excuse me, do you drive your trough across the sea?

- Yes, we have a gyrocompass!

- And with us! It is he who seems to be heading north!

- So it is with us to the north!.. Guys, call the captain to the bridge, geography is a complete mess!..”

It turned out that on one ship the gyrosphere in the womb took a whim and turned one hundred and eighty degrees. That is, backwards. Sometimes they can pull tricks like this. Therefore, you need an eye and an eye...

When they finished laughing, Yakov Platonovich continued:

- Well, besides, the gyrocompass depends on the power supply. What if there’s a car accident and there’s no electricity? One day such a story happened to us Azores– the engine went out. Okay, let's go sailing. Where to go if the gyrocompass is turned off? This is where the magnetic compass came to the rescue. Old, well-deserved, but reliable - it never turns off.

On most modern ships, magnetic compasses are required. You never know what happens at sea. The vessel should not lose its ability to sail if the power is lost. Especially a sailboat. Therefore, there should always be tools on board that do not rely on electricity.

“The law of the gramophone,” said Ksenya.

-What kind of law? – Vasya was surprised.

- Grandfather came up with it. When we met New Year, suddenly the lights went out, there was an accident in the transformer booth. There are screams and complaints throughout the house: the chandeliers don’t light up, the garlands on the Christmas trees have gone out, the TVs don’t work. And grandfather lit the candles and pulled out an old gramophone. Well, you know, such a suitcase with a spring inside and a handle for winding, and he put on the record:

Why are you, friends, depressed?

Or have you forgotten the songs of the sea?

And we celebrated well. It was even a little annoying when the electricity turned on.

- Since we don’t have a gyrocompass, maybe we can look at the gramophone? – suggested the simple-minded first-grader Anton. - And let's listen to records?

Yakov Platonovich said that this is possible.

And soon the worn gramophone, which boatswain Peryshkin had kept since childhood, was playing a record with a song from the same old film “The Children of Captain Grant”:

There lived a brave captain

He traveled to many countries...

The cats sat by the gramophone and listened with their heads bowed. Syntax wanted to touch the shiny head of the membrane, but Yakov Platonovich said: “I you...” And Sinka’s outstretched paw froze in the air.

“And the disk of the gramophone is also almost like a gyroscope,” Vasya noted, “That’s how it spins!”

The record is over. And, before turning it over, Yakov Platonovich said:

– We are not finished with the compass yet. Tomorrow I will tell you about the divisions on his card.

Get acquainted with the structure of a marine compass according to the book by V.A. Dygalo "Where and what happened in the fleet." Indicate the fundamental difference in the design of a marine compass and compasses land. How (along which line) was the compass installed on ships?

Answer

In a conventional compass, a magnetic needle rotates on a needle above a circular scale. In a marine compass, the scale itself (card) rotates on the needle.

Cartushka- a movable disk (or ring) made of non-magnetic material in a magnetic compass or from a material in gyrocompass repeaters with divisions of the degree or rhumb system evenly applied around the circumference.

The main difference between these two compasses is that a marine compass has several magnets attached to the card at the bottom, the card rotates with them, with the "north" mark aligned with the magnetic north pole. This is done for the convenience of taking readings; in the sea the card rotates slower than the needle. In order to slow down the rotation even further, the compass body is filled with a liquid, usually a non-freezing mixture of alcohols.

There is a mark on the compass body indicating the diametrical (longitudinal) line of the vessel; The direction on the compass card that coincides with this mark indicates the compass direction in which the ship is moving. To steer using a compass, you need to turn the ship until the desired direction on the compass card coincides with the course relative to the center line.

Nautical compass

A marine compass works on the same principle as a regular tourist compass, where the needle always aligns with the north-south line.

The main difference between these two compasses is that a marine compass has several needles attached to the card at the bottom so that when the needles move, the card moves with them, with the "north" mark aligned with the magnetic north pole. This is done for the convenience of taking readings, since in the sea the card rotates more slowly than the needle. In order to slow down the rotation even further, the compass body is filled with a liquid, usually a non-freezing mixture of alcohols.

The globe is surrounded by a magnetic field. Since magnetic north and geographic north are not the same, a magnetic compass does not point to geographic north. The difference between geographic and magnetic north is called declination

Internal structure of a marine compass with card

The Earth's magnetic field is best illustrated by an old school experiment in which a magnet is placed under a sheet of metal filings. The sawdust is aligned along the magnetic lines coming out of the poles of the magnet.

If the needle is placed in the Earth's magnetic field, it will also take a position along the magnetic lines emerging from the poles. So, at any point on the globe, a loose arrow will take a position along the north-south line. The ship can turn in any direction, but the card will always point in the same direction.

There is a mark on the compass body indicating the diametrical (longitudinal) line of the vessel; The direction on the compass card that coincides with this mark indicates the compass direction in which the boat is moving. To steer using a compass, you need to turn the yacht until the desired direction on the compass card coincides with the center line.

Deflection

The geographic north and south poles do not coincide with the magnetic poles, therefore, since all objects on maps are related to the geographic poles, there is an error in all magnetic compass readings. It's called declination. This value changes as you move around the globe. Declination is a tabular value; its value for a particular area is indicated in the center of the compass image on the map of this place. Declination is defined as the difference between the compass reading and geographic north caused by the earth's magnetism; it is eastern and western.

Deviation

There is another factor that affects the compass readings on board a ship and causes errors. We are talking about the influence of the magnetic properties of the equipment of the boat itself on the compass needles, for example, steel parts of the motor and some electrical appliances. On wooden and fiberglass yachts this error is relatively small, but on a metal boat it can be significant.

Example of a small boat deviation map

Deviation is defined as the deviation of the compass from geographic north under the influence of the magnetic field of the ship itself; it is also eastern and western.

Deviation changes depending on the direction the boat is moving, so it must be taken into account whenever changing course. To determine the deviation, the yacht must be brought to open place, then walk in a circle through all the points of the compass. Compass readings taken in each direction are compared with the true bearings indicated on sea ​​map, the difference between them is recorded in a table called a deviation map (for an example of such a map, see the figure on the left). The data on this map indicates the deviation of any course that the ship may follow and is taken into account when taking all compass readings.

Main compass

To reduce vibrations of the card and make it easier to control the vessel, most main compasses are covered with convex glass filled with a liquid that softens any vibrations. This also keeps the cartridge level constant when the yacht is heeling.

Sometimes a professional adjuster can reduce the deviation or eliminate it by placing correction magnets around the compass in the cockpit. The ship's main compass is checked regularly to ensure that the deviation remains constant. Usually the yacht is controlled based on its readings. This compass is placed in the cockpit near the steering wheel or tiller.

Compass for taking bearing

This is a small compass used to take bearings of shore features when determining the location of a boat. There are many varieties of such devices, but they all have one thing in common - portability, which allows you to determine bearings from anywhere on board from where a coastal object is clearly visible. Compass readings for bearings do not take deviation into account, so the results must be compared with the readings of the main compass at the point where the bearing is determined, since deviation values ​​can vary from place to place on board. Typically the compass is held at eye level while using the sight to line up coastal features before taking readings.

Compass error

Because every compass reading contains error (magnetic declination and deviation), it must be corrected before being used for navigation. The two errors are combined and, after addition or subtraction, form the compass error:

Declination east 5° + deviation east 2° = compass error east 7°

Eastern declination 5° – western deviation 2° = compass error eastern 3°

This means that when navigation concepts correspond to the names of different cardinal directions (north and south, west and east), values ​​with the same names need to be added, and those with different names need to be subtracted.

If the error is easterly, the compass reading will be less than the true one. If the error is western, the compass reading will be greater than the true one.

Each compass reading contains an error, so it must be corrected to work with a map where only true values ​​are used.

The ship's course plotted on the map is true (does not contain errors), therefore, before using it to control the ship, you need to switch from it to the compass.

Similarly, the bearing of a coastal object taken using a hand compass must be converted to true before marking the map. The transition process can get confusing, so you need to do it carefully.

The two examples below will make it easier to understand.

1. The map shows a course from point A to point B, its value (true) is 266° according to the compass card. The compass error is eastern and is 5°. (Since the error is eastern, the compass reading will be less than the true one.) The steering wheel must be turned at a heading of 26 degrees (compass reading) to follow a heading of 266° (true) on the map.

2. The bearing of a coastal feature taken using a hand compass is 266°. The compass error is eastern 5°. The error is eastern, which means that the true bearing for plotting on the map should be less than the compass bearing. The bearing plotted on the map will be 261°.

Electronic compasses

Most yacht owners still use traditional magnetic compasses, but on large ocean-going vessels they prefer electronic compasses.

They are produced in different modifications. There are gyrocompasses, digital and laser compasses. Laser and gyro compasses are very expensive and are rarely found on cruisers. They are distinguished by one advantage: they have no error, that is, the compass reading is true, like on a map.

A more affordable digital compass, it is popular among many yachtsmen, especially during ocean crossings. It eliminates or at least reduces deviation; the digital readings on its screen are much easier to read than on the oscillating card of a magnetic compass. Conveniently, it can be combined with an autopilot device and instruments for measuring wind strength and direction.

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compass- a, m. compas (de mer), goal. kompas, it. compasso. 1. A device with a magnetized needle for determining the cardinal points. Sl. 18. A compass has an arrow anointed with a magnet that turns around at midnight. Lex. new vocabulary. // Smorgon Terms 77.… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

compass- (compass (sea compass); Italian compasso, compassare – adymdap olsheu) bagytty bagdarlap, anyktauga arnalgan aspap. K. kome zhane uzhak zhurgizude, artillery and topography, geodesy zhumystardy zhurgizu ushin, zhergiliktі zherde askerlerdin bagdar... ... Kazakh explanatory terminological dictionary on military affairs

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- (Compass) a nautical instrument used to continuously indicate the ship’s compass course at sea and, if necessary, to determine directions to various earthly objects or celestial bodies visible from the ship. K. for the navigator... ... Marine dictionary

Compass (in maritime affairs ≈ compass) (German: Kompass, Italian: compasso, from compassare ≈ to measure in steps), a device for orienteering on the ground. According to the principle of operation, magnets are divided into: magnetic, which uses the property of a direct permanent magnet... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Compass- The compass is dreamed of by people who are waging a desperate struggle with very limited means. It is quite difficult to achieve success in such a struggle, but it is honorable. Whether you dream of a sea or an ordinary compass is not important. In any case, this dream foreshadows... Large universal dream book

A compass installed in the conning tower of a ship. During the battle, the CB serves at the same time as the main one if the main CBs are moved down behind cover for safety or knocked down by enemy fire. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Military... ... Naval Dictionary

- (Gyroscopic compass) see Compass. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M. L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

- (Standard compass) a compass by which the ship’s course is assigned and its position is determined. On large ships, two main ships are usually installed: the main bow and the main stern on the front and rear bridges. Samoilov K.I. Marine... ...Marine Dictionary

- (Magnetic compass) see Compass. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M. L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

- (Steering compass) the compass by which the helmsman steers, i.e., keeps the ship on a given course. K.P. is installed on a ship as many as there are control posts. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval... ... Naval Dictionary

Books

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