Test tasks
1. The prince of which country was Henry the Navigator?
a) Spain
b) Portugal
c) France
d) Germany
Answer b) Portugal.
2. Henry the Navigator is famous for
a) made several long-distance voyages across the Atlantic Ocean
b) founded the first nautical school in Europe
c) crossed the Mediterranean Sea and opened a sea route to Africa
d) discovered Greenland
Answer b) founded the first nautical school in Europe.
3. Bertolomeu Dias first
a) reached India
b) of the Europeans circumnavigated Africa
c) reached the coast of Africa
d) circumnavigated the world
Answer b) of the Europeans circumnavigated Africa.
4. In what year did Vasco da Gama reach the shores of India?
Answer b) 1498.
5. How many times did Vasco da Gama visit India?
d) four
Answer b) two.
6. Which of the three proposed statements is true?
a) Vasco da Gama was the first European to circumnavigate Africa and take his ships to the Indian Ocean.
b) India was considered the richest country in the medieval world.
c) The Age of Great Geographical Discovery lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Answer c) The Age of Great Geographical Discovery lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Thematic workshop
Read the text and answer the questions.
1. What spices were brought to Europe from India?
Answer. Cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg.
2. Name the sea, bay and peninsula that had to be crossed on the way from India to Europe?
Answer. Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Somali Peninsula, Cape of Good Hope, Hindustan Peninsula.
3. Why was a sea route to India needed?
Answer. In the 13th century, the Mamluk state arose on the way to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and in the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire emerged in Asia Minor. These states imposed heavy taxes on caravans for transporting goods, and often simply robbed them.
The influx of goods from the East became less and less. Their prices in Western Europe have increased hundreds of times. Trade routes along the southern Russian steppes, bypassing the Caspian Sea, through Central and Central Asia took a lot of time, were expensive and were far from safe.
A convenient sea route to the countries of the East was needed.
4. Who organized the voyages of Portuguese sailors to the shores of Africa?
Answer. Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator.
5. Name the first navigator to circumnavigate Africa.
Answer. Bartolomeu Dias.
Cartographic workshop
Trace the route of Vasco da Gama's voyage on the map and name the geographical features through which he passed.
1. Iberian Peninsula
2. Canary Islands
3. Cape Verde Islands
4. Gulf of Guinea
6. Mozambique Channel
7. Somali Peninsula
8. Hindustan Peninsula
Test tasks.
1. The prince of which country was Henry the Navigator?
a) Spain
b) Portugal
c) France
d) Germany
2. Henry the Navigator is famous for
a) made several long-distance voyages across the Atlantic Ocean
b) founded the first nautical school in Europe
c) crossed the Mediterranean Sea and opened a sea route to Africa
d) discovered Greenland
3. Bartolomeu Dias first
a) reached India
b) of the Europeans circumnavigated Africa
c) reached the coast of Africa
d) circumnavigated the world
4. In what year did Vasco da Gama reach the shores of India?
b) 1498
5. How many times did Vasco da Gama visit India?
at three o'clok
d) four
6. Which of the three proposed statements is true?
a) Vasco da Gama was the first European to circumnavigate Africa and take his ships to the Indian Ocean.
b) India was considered the richest country in the medieval world.
c) The Age of Great Geographical Discovery lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Thematic workshop.
Read the text and answer the questions.
In Europe, goods from the East were very highly valued: spices (cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg), pearls, fabrics, ivory, etc. They were brought from India. Arab merchants brought them to the Mediterranean Sea.
But in the 13th century, the Mamluk state arose on the way to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and in the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire emerged in Asia Minor. These states imposed heavy taxes on caravans for transporting goods, and often simply robbed them.
The influx of goods from the East became less and less. Their prices in Western Europe have increased hundreds of times. Trade routes along the southern Russian steppes, bypassing the Caspian Sea, through Central and Central Asia took a lot of time, were expensive and were far from safe.
A convenient sea route from Europe to the countries of the East was needed. The search for profitable sea routes to the East began in the 15th century in Portugal. Along the way, the sailors discovered the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and the island of Madeira. These lands became their support base on long-distance voyages. In 1445, the Portuguese reached the westernmost point of Africa - Cape Verde, and discovered the mouths of the Senegal and Gambia rivers. No European had ever been here before.
Portuguese navigators found: the further south you go, the more the coast of Africa deviates to the east. Maybe the mainland ends somewhere and is washed by the sea from the south? Then it would be possible to go around the land, get into the Indian Ocean, and then travel on ships to India and China and from there bring spices and other valuable goods to Europe by sea! The thought was breathtaking.
1. What spices were brought to Europe from India?
Cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg.
2. Name the sea, bay and peninsula that had to be crossed on the way from India to Europe.
Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Hindustan Peninsula.
3. Why was a sea route to India needed?
Christopher Columbus wanted to open a new and short route to India.
4. Who organized the voyages of Portuguese sailors to the shores of Africa?
First voyage - Bartolomeu Dias.
Subsequent - Vasco Da Gam.
5. Name the navigator who was the first to circumnavigate Africa.
Bartolomeu Dias.
Cartographic workshop.
Trace the route of Vasco da Gama's voyage on the map and name the geographic objects through which he passed.
1. Iberian Peninsula
2. Canary Islands
3. Cape Verde Islands
4. Gulf of Guinea
5. Livingston vpd.
6. Mozambique Strait.
7. Somalia Peninsula
I read a lot about seafarers: brave Europeans, adventurers and unflappable explorers. This is what was written in the children's and youth books that I came across. India was mentioned very often. Everyone was looking for a way there. But what were the true reasons for the search? I'll try to tell you.
Why did Europeans need a sea route to India?
By the 14th and 15th centuries, labor productivity in Europe increased significantly. The tools of production improved, trade expanded and flourished. More and more coins were minted, and this required gold and silver, which was in short supply.
Trade with the East was carried out along the Great Silk Road, but gradually the Mongols captured all the main cities along this route, and receiving goods became difficult, expensive and dangerous. And European rulers dreamed of a fabulous India, where they could get hold of not only gold, but also spices that were very expensive at that time, receiving super profits for it at home.
And when the Turks captured Constantinople, they cut off the last routes for trade with India and China. Prices for overseas goods have skyrocketed! This accelerated the search for new routes, and all hope was on the sailors.
Here are the most famous sailors who, like blind kittens (by today's standards), searched for the treasured land:
- Vasco da Gama;
- Vivaldi brothers;
- Alvise Cadamosto;
- Christopher Columbus.
Who managed to find the way to India
Some historians mention Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, who in the 14th century tried to circumnavigate Africa and sail to India. But there is no evidence to prove that they reached the inviting shores.
And we know for sure that a sailor named Vasco da Gama reached India. His flotilla arrived at the port of Calicut in May 1498.
In school textbooks, Vasco da Gama appears to schoolchildren only as a brave captain, but, in fact, he was a powerful and formidable conqueror.For this reason, he came into conflict with local rulers. After a short time, he had to set sail without establishing trade.
But the job was done - the sea route to India was open!
