Ukrainians are not liked in the Czech Republic
Sociologists studied the attitudes of Czech citizens towards 16 minorities living in the country. The Ukrainians were in third place...

The results of a study by the Center for Public Opinion Research, which was conducted in March of this year, showed that it is the Roma that Czech citizens dislike most of all.

During the study, the attitude of citizens of the republic towards 16 minorities living in the Czech Republic was studied. A total of 1053 people were interviewed.

Over the past year, attitudes towards them have deteriorated greatly. 78% of surveyed Czech citizens over 15 years of age declared their hatred of Roma. Following the gypsies on the unsympathetic scale are Albanians and Ukrainians.

On the contrary, the attitude of Czech citizens towards Slovaks gradually began to improve.

Isn’t it time to think about why Ukrainians are not loved in the world around them?

"- Oh yeah. This is amazing - our Ukrainian psychologists write smart, wonderful books. But there the thought runs like a red thread: “A Ukrainian is a person neuroticized by an inferiority complex, a marginalized person who has been “spread, spread and will continue to be spread!”.

POLES

Among all nations, from the point of view of the Poles, Ukrainians are located, do you know where? In second place. From below.According to Poles, the only people worse than Ukrainians are gypsies .

Excerpts from an interview on Radio Era, the program “Night Reflections” - a member of the Association of Ukrainian Writers, author of the book “Ukrainian Mentality. Illusions - myths - reality" by Alexander Strazhny.

Since 1993, Ukrainians have held a more or less stable position in ratings of “Poles’ sympathy for other peoples” - at the very bottom, only Roma and Romanians are lower. This is not surprising, since Ukraine evokes negative associations among 50% of Poles, and indifference among 38%. Half of the Poles defend the introduction of visas for Ukrainians (versus about 20%) and only 23% are completely ready to recognize the modern Polish-Ukrainian border (52% are “rather” ready to recognize). These data are presented in the study “Poland-Ukraine: mutual image”, prepared by the Institute of Public Affairs (Warsaw) in collaboration with the Kyiv company Socis-Gallup International. So, we can assume that when answering questions in various questionnaires, the average Pole understands the word “Ukrainian”, first of all, as “Ukrainian bandit” or “Ukrainian nationalist.”

RUSSIANS and RUSSIANS

In Russia - 58% - believe that Ukrainians in general are no different from Russians. 36% of respondents hold the opposite opinion: differences between our peoples exist. Answering an open-ended question about how exactly Ukrainians differ from Russians, some of these respondents simply state that there are differences in mentality, way of thinking (9%) or language (6%). Others talk about certain qualities that distinguish Ukrainians from Russians, and much more often - about negative ones (“cunning”, “greed”, “arrogance” - 11%) than about positive ones (“practicality”, “hospitality”, “hard work” - 3%).

As a result of the collapse of the USSR, especially after the “Orange Revolution” of 2004 and Yushchenko’s corresponding policy towards Russia, forgotten stereotypes of Russians associated with the term “crest” came to light.

It is believed that the main food of crests is lard and vodka. They live on farms in the Ukrainian steppe.

crests are depicted in trousers, white shirts, with a forelock on the crown of their head and a long drooping mustache.

Khokhlov are credited with deceit, stupidity, but at the same time cunning, resourcefulness, greed and lust for power.

Vladimir Dal recorded the following sayings: “The Little Russian is stupider than a crow, but more cunning than the devil,” “The Little Russian won’t lie, and he won’t tell the truth.” And also “Where a crest passes, there is nothing for two Jews to do,” “Where there are two Ukrainians, there are three hetmans.”

Apparently, as we do, so to us.

BELARUSIANS

Belarusians rate their country’s relations with Russia as “brotherly” almost twice as often as with Ukraine. Thus, Belarusians perceive Kyiv’s policies towards their state even more critically than Russians. They have warmer feelings towards Russia than towards Ukraine. It is noteworthy that every fifth Belarusian respondent avoided giving a meaningful answer regarding the assessment of Belarusian-Ukrainian relations.

Now about how Ukrainians are loved in Europe

“They were still sleeping when, at about six in the morning on May 26, their Madrid-Wroclaw bus was stopped by German police a few kilometers from the German-Polish border. Verification of documents. Polite smiles towards the Polish passengers, wishes for a safe journey.

Completely different facial expressions when seeing Ukrainian passports. A police officer roughly snatched a document from one woman’s hands, tearing it in the process. All ten Ukrainians were asked to leave the bus and taken to the police station. During the search, jewelry and all the money found were seized. They threw away all food and drink. Then the personal search began. They stripped me naked. They checked their clothes. Women's sanitary pads were even torn from their underwear. The examination was something that many of them had never had to undergo before, even in a doctor’s office... “The humiliation and shock that I experienced cannot be described,” one of the detainees will later say. “We are standing naked, we don’t understand a word of German, and they are laughing and discussing something,” another will confirm. Stunned by the complete surprise and nightmare of what was happening, they could not understand why they were being treated this way.”

For some reason, Europeans say thatUkrainians behave very badly. They don't consider others as people! Both locals and other visitors. And they drink, damn the Russians. Ukrainian women turned out to be very noisy and scandalous.

Why do the majority of people living around Ukraine dislike Ukrainians so much?

Yes, because Ukrainians themselves hate themselves. The country, divided territorially into West and East, has long hated each other, and this hatred has already gone beyond its borders. And a people that hates itself will never be loved by its neighbors.

In Ukraine, a cold civil war has been going on for 20 years, fueled by the media. The people would have calmed down long ago and engaged in creative work, but for some this is not beneficial for the political stability of the country. Ukrainian media, paid from outside, mostly consisting of foreigners, pour out negativity on Ukrainians, preventing the establishment of order and tranquility in Ukraine. It is impossible to touch the biased media, as hysteria immediately arises regarding the notorious freedom of speech. Yes, we hate ourselves, our government, our people, and naturally others - better than us!

And here's a fresh example:

Prime Minister Mykola Azarov complains that the government's activities are assessed mostly negatively in the media. He stated this in an interview with the First National TV Channel.

“Tax reform has begun, it has been published. How did the media react to this tax reform, i.e. what is the number of negative responses, neutral and positive regarding the Tax Code? After all, it is quite obvious that it was positive for the economy and for the country as a whole. How has the information field decomposed from an assessment point of view? 90% were negative reviews. About 5% are neutral and about 5% are positive,” the head of government said.

“I ask myself a simple question: of those who gave 90% negative reviews, do they not understand, do not understand, or were they biased in advance by someone or something? After all, it cannot be that an absolutely obvious thing that, for example, in France would have gone off with a bang, in Germany went off with a bang, this government, which agreed to cut taxes in such a severe crisis, would be applauded, that’s 100%. But this caused a 90% negative response among us,” the Prime Minister noted.

“Now the pension reform has not yet begun at all, the first draft has only been published on the website, but how did the media react to this project? It turns out that the proportion is almost the same: 70% negative, about 25% positive, oddly enough, that is, a little more, and 5% is somewhere neutral,” the head of government said.

« We do not have our own television channels, we do not have our own mass newspapers, we do not have our own radio.... But basically this wave of information, who is driving this wave, is mainly the Verkhovna Rada, where the oppositionists simply invent something that does not actually exist. And we have to fight not with objective criticism or consider objective criticism, but, generally speaking, we have to talk about what does not exist,” N. Azarov emphasized.

All our stench comes from our own mouth. To get rid of this, all you need to do is “brush your teeth,” preferably in the morning and on Friday evenings. This is prevention, dear Ukrainians! But the mentality still urgently needs to be changed, it’s already the 21st century, Ukrainian citizens!

Why are Ukrainians so envious?

Ukrainians are envious not only in popular sayings, sociologists have determined.

According to the results of a new study, More than a third of Ukrainian citizens are confident that Russians live better and earn more than them. They justify their opinion by the fact that many of their compatriots go to Moscow and St. Petersburg to work.

As it turned out, 65 percent of Ukrainians envy residents of the European Union, 57 percent of America, and 34 percent of Russia. “We were just trying to paint a portrait of the nation. We must be perceived as we are—you can’t change Ukrainians,” said Kost Bondarenko, director of the Gorshenin Institute, who conducted the study.

Ukrainians proudly repeat a joke about themselves : The main desire of their compatriot is for their neighbor’s cow to die. The study by sociologists accomplished an almost impossible task - it described the mentality of Ukrainians in numbers.

According to sociologists, the principle “my house is on the edge” has become fundamental for the “broad” Ukrainian. . Neither the “Orange Revolution” nor the subsequent equally difficult peacetime changed it.

Half of Ukrainians believe that breaking the law is doing the right thing.

Having found someone else's thing lying badly, they will definitely appropriate it.

Ukrainians also follow an old saying:“The bad godfather is the one who wasn’t with her godfather.” . A third of respondents consider adultery a positive phenomenon. They say it goes back to Cossack times, when one wife was for the home, and two or three others for the campaign.

The most insignificant values for Ukrainians were education and intellectual development.

Material security came first.

42 percent believe that they and their neighbors can deceive each other for their own benefit.

Ukrainians see post-revolutionary society as narrow-minded and selfish. According to 70 percent of respondents, its development has stopped. 50 percent consider society immoral and indifferent to the troubles of others. However, the most unexpected result for sociologists was that after 16 years of the existence of the independent state of Ukraine, the majority of its citizens considered “independence” the last of their priorities.

TOP 10 countries where they don’t like Ukrainian tourists

Before your trip, think carefully about whether it’s worth telling where you came from?

Especially for travel.tochka.net, the iVOX company conducted a survey among Ukrainian Internet users on the topic “Which countries most dislike Ukrainians as tourists.” We will present to your attention the ten most unfriendly countries, according to our tourists.

10. France - 8.3%

Walking around Paris with a Ukrainian flag in your hands, do not count on the hospitality of those around you. As we can see from the results of the iVOX survey, the French do not treat travelers from Ukraine very well. However, this does not prevent thousands of our compatriots from vacationing in France every year.

9. USA - 9.1%

Maybe the Klitschko brothers, who beat many American boxers, are to blame for this, but the attitude of US residents towards Ukrainians cannot be called positive. If this fact does not bother you, and you are still planning to vacation in America, be prepared for a tough interview at the embassy.

8. Czech Republic - 9.3%

In the Czech Republic, they value labor from Ukraine, but they do not welcome tourists from our country. It is difficult to find any logical explanation for this relationship. We suspect that Ukrainian tourists drink a month's supply of local beer in a few days, and the Czechs have to be content with what is left.

7. Egypt - 10.1%

Despite the fact that Ukraine is one of the main “suppliers of tourists” for Egypt, local residents do not stand on ceremony with our compatriots. I wonder why the Egyptians dislike tourists from Ukraine so much?

6. Türkiye - 10.2%

It’s no secret that Turks are crazy about Ukrainian girls, but judging by the survey results, they have the exact opposite attitude towards tourists from our country. They are probably just jealous that we live in such a beautiful country and go on vacation to Turkey.

5. Italy - 10.9%

There is an opinion that the Ukrainian language is somewhat similar to Italian in its melody. But this is almost the only similarity between our peoples. This is probably why temperamental Italians treat tourists from Ukraine with caution.

Photos from open sources

- Barrymore, what's that noise under the window?

- Prostitutes are on strike, sir!

- What do they require?

- Salary increase, sir.

-Are they not paid enough?

- A lot, sir.

- So why are they not happy?

- Fuck, sir!

This classic of the anecdote genre can be transferred to the question “Why are Western Ukrainians unhappy with Russians?” But the answer of an anecdote cannot be transferred to the answer to a question. Westerners do not like Muscovites not because they are like prostitutes, to whom no matter how good you do them, they do not remember anything and will not be happy with anything. To understand the issue you need to look deeper.

There is a good joke about preferences.

- Question: “Why doesn’t a camel eat cotton wool?”

- Answer: “Because he doesn’t love her.”

Westerners don't like Russians. Like a camel watu. Why?

The answer is simple and known to everyone.

Western Ukraine - the girl everyone used.

For 500 years, the lands of Western Ukraine were alternately under the rule of Polish, Hungarian, Austrian, German, and Romanian occupiers.

When the Russians came to Western Ukraine in 1939, the locals perceived it as another change of occupier.

History tells us that already in the time of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ukrainian nationalism was the dominant element of the political consciousness of the people living in the South-West of the territory of Muscovite Rus'. All European enemies of Rus' used this factor as a given, making it easier for them to carry out the war with Russia. The hostility of the local population towards the Russians, who were subjects of the Moscow Tsars, made it possible to use the Little Russians as natural allies of all the conquerors of Russia.

The OUN is a radical organization of Ukrainian nationalists whose goal is to achieve the state independence of Ukraine from all countries by any means - and from Russia in the first place as the main threat to its independence. The OUN emerged in the late 1920s. It is clear that the OUN viewed situational alliances with all of Russia’s enemies as a useful resource in its struggle. It is also clear that the nationalists understood that they were pawns in the fight against Russia for more powerful states. But they consider this situation temporary and understand that if not the Poles, Germans or Americans, then the Russians. Since the threat from the Russians is stronger, the Ukrainians prefer everyone who is currently against the Russians. After the defeat of the Russians, Ukrainians believe, the time will come to fight yesterday's allies. The ultimate goal is a completely independent Ukraine.

Ukrainian nationalists are not stupid people. The most implacable, sophisticated and experienced organized force the Russians have ever faced in their struggle for security and control of the country's territory. The OUN members played against Russia at the level of the powerful intelligence services of Western countries: both because they were fueled by them, and because of their own motives and resources. Considering that Soviet Russia ultimately lost the war to the OUN, it can be said that Russians still harbor illusions about the idea of fraternal relations with Ukraine and its nationalist population.

The more clearly the Russians understand that in the Ukrainians they have an implacable and fierce enemy, disciplined, motivated and capable of fighting in the most effective way - that is, the most vile and most cruel, the better they will understand where they are constantly losing to the Ukrainians. The war of Ukrainians against Russians is of a partisan nature, and it is impossible to win a partisan war using the methods of a regular army. Russia is not yet making a transition to a retaliatory guerrilla war against Ukraine. The only enclave where the guerrilla war against Ukraine was waged with Russian support is Donbass. And this is where Russia won. However, the GRU officers themselves say: so far there has been no command to work to crush Ukrainian statehood. In this case, complex operations would certainly begin in the Kyiv-controlled cities around Donetsk and Lugansk. In Kharkov, Odessa, Kherson, Mariupol, Dnepropetrovsk. The lack of activity in these key cities suggests that Russia is still waiting.

Ukraine as a large Chernobyl zone

But when the time of liberation from Ukrainian Nazism comes, euphoria may once again overwhelm the generous Russians. Realizing that they need to start building new relationships with Ukrainians, they will again start talking about a single people, the Russian world, brotherhood and other material that, in their opinion, can help establish friendly relations.

If this happens, Russia will lose again. If in 500 years it was not possible to turn Ukrainians into brothers, then we can confidently say that this will not happen in the next 500 years either. The Russian government understands this - unlike some ardent Russian patriots. They again think that if the nationalists are driven out of power, the people can be re-educated in three generations.

This is mistake. Ukrainians cannot be re-educated. Late. They have long ago, several centuries ago, emerged as a national type, distinct from the Russians. Recognizing this fact is not playing along with the enemy, who, they say, is just waiting for the Russians to start thinking like that about the Ukrainians. Recognition of this fact is a sober understanding of the fact.

Ukrainians must remain in their state. They should not become part of Greater Russia. Yes, all the key territories of Eastern Ukraine in terms of ties with Russia, where nationalism has not taken deep roots, should be torn away from Ukraine. These lands must be included in Russia's orbit of influence. The degree of inclusion will vary, from trade associations to federal relations. But the West must be separated and the Center must turn into a local zone like Chernobyl, where only stalkers go and where there is no life. Nobody needs such a territory - neither Russia nor Europe. Ukraine should concentrate there.

Judging by Putin’s policies, this is precisely the state of Ukraine he is seeking. This is understood in Kyiv, Brussels, London, and Washington. For them, this position of Moscow is very unpleasant. Recognition of the statehood of Ukraine by Russia does not allow Russia to be demonstrably presented as an aggressor. The existing evidence base is very weak and does not provide the desired effect. Now, if Russia declared that Ukraine is an illegal terrorist state subject to liquidation, this would give them all the leverage. But Russia recognizes Ukraine and insists on its existence. This causes misunderstanding among patriots who think straightforwardly, but angers nationalists: this position of Russia does not allow them to consolidate their resource in a better way. The resource disintegrates when faced with the inability of the nationalists to organize an effective state on the principles for which they fought for five centuries. This is undermining the idea.

Considering that nationalism as an extreme form of patriotism is an irrational feeling, no failures in state building will lead Svidomo to admit the bankruptcy of their ideology. They will insist that they were interfered with from outside.

Therefore, there can be no brotherhood with Ukraine. Ukraine should become something between a ghetto and a safari park, where tourists are brought to show the conditions of the wild. In order for them to better understand how lucky they are that they do not live in all this.

Ukraine of the near future.

Europe will not admit it out loud, but will silently agree that the Russians are the main guarantors that these wild predators in embroidered shirts will be behind a secure fence.

And they can be safely viewed from afar.

The hotbed of hatred towards Russians is now, of course, in Western Ukraine. Nationalist marches in Lviv, Transcarpathia and Volyn are striking in their open hatred of Russia. Some slogans shouted by the still beardless radicals in embroidered shirts cannot even be reproduced in print because of their crude assessments and obscene expressions. “Whoever doesn’t jump is a Muscovite!” – they chanted even in Kyiv during the events at Euromaidan three years ago. Everyone knows how far they have come: they won’t take them to Europe and they have fallen out with Russia.

ON THIS TOPIC

It seems that Russians and Ukrainians did not have a common history and the phrase “Kyiv is the mother of Russian cities” was completely forgotten by the current Ukrainian rulers. But it is the new government in Kyiv, which came in the wake of the Maidan, that is cultivating, promoting and in every possible way encouraging nationalists. And he doesn’t even flirt with them, as is usually the case in many countries, but openly supports them at the state level. How else can we explain the fact that the recently started blockade of the railway in Donbass, organized by radicals, was supported by some deputies of the Verkhovna Rada. The executive branch, in response to the actions of the nationalists, only shook its finger at them, but was afraid to disperse the pickets on the railway connecting the two parts of one country.

In the same scenario, the Ukrainian authorities closed the way into the country for tens of thousands of Russians who have relatives and friends living in Ukraine. The new Ukrainian government, having come to power in 2014, first of all introduced new entry rules for Russian citizens. Now men from 16 to 60 years old are prohibited from entering Nezalezhnaya due to the fact that they have all become suspects of participating in hostilities in the southeast and terrorism.

Later, the “black list” grew to gigantic proportions: now Russian artists, writers, journalists, athletes, singers and entire creative groups are not allowed into Ukraine. It got to the point of insanity: Natasha Koroleva, who was born in Kyiv, was forbidden to come to her grandmother’s funeral, and Kristina Orbakaite was forced to cancel her tour of Ukraine due to threats from nationalists who promised to disrupt the concerts. At the same time, Ukrainian groups calmly come to Russia, perform in clubs and concert halls, and no one plots against them.

It is noteworthy that the Ukrainian authorities do not allow many of their own compatriots from Crimea into the country. Nowadays they are not called anything other than traitors in Kyiv: they say, they joined Russia - and live with it! Those who travel from the republic to Ukraine to visit relatives are forced to endure bullying and searches by border guards on the other side.

It is known that hatred drives into rigid boundaries those who follow its blind guidelines. For example, how else can we explain the “Lenin fall” in Ukraine, whose citizens have forgotten that the main communist Lenin was actually the founding father of Ukraine and the first in the Lenin-Stalin-Khrushchev triad, who gathered the lands of Ukraine into a single whole.

Ukrainians are getting rid of not only monuments to Lenin; monuments to writers and scientists, names of cities and streets are falling under the hot hand of zealous implementers of the law “On Decommunization.” Everything that is in one way or another connected with the Soviet past is being erased, even school textbooks are being rewritten. Rada deputies, in a fit of Russophobia, planned to ban the very name of the country – “Russia”, replacing it with “Muscovy”. All this does not add joy to the relationship between ordinary Ukrainians and Russians.

In Russia, they are watching with alarm not only the events in Kyiv, but also worrying about how they live under Ukrainian artillery fire in the self-proclaimed republics in the southeast of the country. Since the outbreak of hostilities, several thousand people have died there, including civilians. Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians, who no longer wanted to live under a regime that shoots at its citizens, found salvation in Russia.

The great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov said: “Hate clouds reason.” Fortunately, there are people in Ukraine who have not raised hatred of Russians and Russians to their banners. In Russia, the overwhelming majority of citizens did not allow themselves to descend into retaliatory hatred towards Ukrainians as a nation. The two Slavic peoples lived together for centuries and, despite the efforts of crazy Kyiv politicians, they retained ties connecting the past and the present.

Why Ukrainians do not like Russian? Some will say: “Why love them? They poke their nose into our affairs. They came to our country with weapons at the ready. They are imposing their culture and their language.” They will also remember Peter the Great, Catherine, the Soviet Union.

Others stare at the questioner with an uncomprehending look: “What hatred? My wife is Russian. I studied for five years at an institute where half of the students were Russian. I still communicate with many of them. And I don’t feel any hatred towards them. I even love and respect.”

Still others will remember that the Ukrainian hit the Russian who was standing next to him on the barricades. I heard an insult directed at myself and hit him in the face. So he “went” not because he was Russian. And for rudeness. However, questions remain. Why don't crests like Russians? Why do Ukrainians call Russians Katsaps? Below we present the most common answers to these questions and counterarguments to the answers. Where the truth lies is up to you to decide.

Childish resentment

Why do Ukrainians hate Russians? The roots of this resentment are quite deep. Therefore, there is no way to overcome it. Schematically, the birth of hatred and resentment can be depicted as follows.

1. Initially, the Slavic people gathered near Kyiv. A powerful power was formed - Kievan Rus. And Kyiv became the “father of Russian cities.”

2. Then new centers of gravity formed. Muscovy appeared (some Ukrainians say with gloating that there was not even the name “Russia”). Nevertheless.

3. The Great Russians gradually took a leading position, pushing aside everyone else.

That is, the younger brother ascended to the throne, which rightfully belonged to the older brother. The Ukrainians were offended. And they remembered all the unpleasant historical facts. It’s not fair, they say, the throne is occupied. Bloodshed and betrayal of their brothers.

The deeply national resentment has not gone away centuries later. And at the right moment, people were reminded of this, helped to inflate the “psychology of the people,” and made hatred the driving force.

The feeling of deprivation makes it humiliating for Ukrainians to join any political entity created by Russia. To Europe? Please. You can also play supporting roles with them. But “for Russia” - never. This is a slap in the face, a reminder of the loss of a leading position.

Counter argument

Not even an argument, but simply a reasoning-refutation of the supposedly existing great-power chauvinism. Russians do not suffer from Napoleonism. We are not talking about politicians now, but about ordinary people.

Russians are ready to look at any country as an older brother or father. Show honor and respect. No problem. And they would look at Ukraine...

Suffice it to recall the not so distant Soviet era. When Gorbachev mentioned the possibility of infiltrating Europe. With what lust the Russian people looked at everything European. How his face changed when he saw a foreign tourist.

No, there were, of course, deeply politicized individuals who perceived any foreign citizen as a spy. But this was not due to a sense of self-importance. In addition, the majority of Soviet citizens wholeheartedly desired to enter Europe.

The desire to defend independence

The main points with which Ukrainians explain their “natural” hatred. We put the word “natural” in quotation marks, because not everyone thinks so. We will try to be impartial: we will present both arguments and counterarguments.

1. Russia sells its gas to Ukraine at the highest price in Europe.

And it is not just the President who is to blame for this, but all Russians. Who elected this president. Who support him and consider the policy against Ukraine correct.

Counter argument

Until a certain point, Ukraine received gas at the lowest price in Europe. And then she managed to get into debt. Now, of course, she has paid them. But only those that she recognized.

Why should Gazprom keep the price it was? This is unprofitable and irrational.

2. The Kremlin interferes in the internal affairs of Ukraine.

Mainly, it’s a shame about the language and television. The imposed Russification is not to the liking of ethnic Ukrainians.

Counter argument

Russification began in the past. There is no point in talking about this phenomenon now. No one imposed a “foreign” language on Ukraine. It was her choice, the choice of her citizens.

There are many Ukrainians who speak disparagingly about their language. Of course, there is nothing to praise them for. But there is nothing to blame Russia for. How many countries were part of the USSR? Do any of them complain about the imposed Russification? Many chose their native language as their official language. They managed to maintain respect for their roots. Why didn't Ukraine manage to do this?

3. Russia condemns the national heroes of Ukraine.

Throughout history, Ukrainian heroes fought against occupiers, defending their people and their land. Ukrainians also glorify those who once fought against Moscow. And Russia perceives these speeches as a manifestation of anti-Russian policy.

But Ukrainians have never accused Russia of anti-Ukrainian policies. Even when the Russians put down Peter the Great, who destroyed Zaporozhye. And Catherine, who again struck a blow at the Zaporozhye Sich and took care of the introduction of serfdom in Ukraine.

Counter argument

Ukrainians turned to history because this is the only thing on which their grievance is based. Someone pulls the strings, points out offensive moments. And the people are being “led” and demonstrating their hatred.

For some reason, Ukraine avoids the shameful historical events that took place in “its own garden.” Like every country. But Russia can remember who actually burned Khatyn. Even textbooks on this subject should be rewritten. There is a lot of historical research and evidence.

And what do historical events have to do with today’s situation? Why were Ukrainians silent about this before?

4. Russia took a piece of Ukraine.

We are talking about Crimea. There was even a note in the news that Ukraine had filed a lawsuit against Russia for this theft. And the current President confidently asserts that Crimea will still return to the “bosom of its state.”

Counter argument

The Crimeans themselves asked to come to Russia. And the elections that were held on this occasion were recognized by the West as legitimate. Therefore, there can be no complaints against Russia.

These are the kind of contradictory opinions that can be found on the Internet. Where the truth is, let everyone decide for themselves. Ardent opponents of Russia claim that there was never any friendship, there was no brotherly love. The Ukrainians beat the Russians more than once (Hetman Vyhovsky is remembered here), and more than once marched on Moscow in alliance with other nations. And the one who was still friends with a Russian person was not a real Ukrainian. That's so categorical. But is it fair? Is it reasonable?

Let us recall several betrayals of the Muscovites.

Betrayal 1st. Main. The result of the liberation war of 1648-1654, waged by the Ukrainian people against feudal Poland, was a military and religious union between Ukraine and Muscovy (at that time there was no trace of Russia). There was no reunion, and there could not have been. 400 years after the fall of Kievan Rus, the peoples of Muscovy and Ukraine had different histories, different cultures and languages. And even before the power of Kievan Rus, Russian-Ukrainians had few connections with the Finno-Ugric territory of Moksel.

At that time, there was no concept of nationality; faith played the main role, which is why Khmelnitsky sought support from fellow believers in Moscow. According to the agreement, Ukraine retained its military-administrative system headed by Hetman, the local judicial system was preserved, the system of customs and tax collection, the system of local self-government of cities remained unchanged, Ukrainian schools functioned, Ukraine also exercised the sovereign right of foreign policy with everyone (except for the enemies of Muscovy - Turkey and Poland) countries.

Hetman Ukraine had diplomatic missions in Europe and beyond, which recognized it. Repeatedly, Ukraine and Muscovy acted together against Poland. But it often happened the other way around - the Muscovites and the Poles went to fight against Ukraine, the Ukrainians and the Crimean Tatars beat the Muscovites (they completely defeated Pozharsky, for example), the Cossacks and the Poles fought against the Muscovite kingdom. A striking example of this is Sagaidachny’s campaign against Moscow.

However... It was Muscovy that was the first to betray and thereby annull the Pereyaslav Treaty. Muscovites, like Ukrainians, according to the Treaty, did not have the right to fight or enter into military alliances against each other. But less than a year had passed before the Muscovites entered into a military conspiracy with the Poles and treacherously attacked the Zaporozhye Sich.

What did Ukraine get as a result? What happened in 1654 in Pereyaslav is the greatest tragedy of the Ukrainian people. The result is known and sad. Khmelnitsky himself was disappointed with what happened after the conclusion of the alliance with “Russia,” which he indicated in his will. But this was a chance for Russia to create a powerful political union of two different peoples. In fact, the union of peoples of the same faith turned into tsarist oppression, serfdom, Russification, repression of Ukrainians, rabid Ukrainophobia and bans on everything Ukrainian: from theater to children's alphabet and the Bible, imperial genocide of Ukrainians.

Under the powerful ideological and police pressure of Moscow, not every scientist could dare to come out with a point of view that did not coincide with the officialdom of the Russian imperialists.

Igor Losev in the newspaper “Ukrainian Life in Sevastopol” reports that the Ukrainian historian Mikhailo Braichevsky turned out to be such a desperate daredevil. He wrote the article “Arrival or Resurrection?” in 1966, when the Khrushchev ideological thaw ended and the Brezhnev frosts began.

Mass arrests of the national intelligentsia began in Ukraine. And in this dangerous time, a senior researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine sharply criticized the very concept of “reunification” as ahistorical. It should be noted that this term was created by communist propaganda in the 40s and 50s.

The scientist proved that the Pereyaslav Rada threw Ukraine back to the most backward forms of feudalism, slowed down its development, and contributed to the transformation of Ukraine into a remote province of the Moscow Empire, where everything was achieved not thanks to, but in spite of the status received. Braichevsky is fired from his job. Then they are hired again and kicked out again when Braichevsky refused to repent. He became a victim of a ban on his profession, his articles were forbidden to be published, and references to his works were forbidden.

The world-famous historian was able to defend his doctoral dissertation only during the era of “perestroika” - in 1989.

Mikhailo Braichevsky argued that the tsarist and Soviet interpretation of the Pereyaslav Rada meant in practice that “...for many centuries the Ukrainian people fought mainly... against their own national independence. That independent existence was a huge evil for our people. And that, therefore, all those who called him to fight for the national were... the worst enemies of the Ukrainian people.

All specific phenomena in the history of Ukraine - events, trends, activities of individuals and these individuals themselves - were all assessed from the point of view not of class, social essence, but of their position regarding Russia. If someone defended the idea of “reunification”, they received a positive assessment, regardless of all other circumstances; those who questioned this idea or (God forbid!) took part in the liberation anti-Russian, anti-tsarist struggle received the label of “vile traitor”, “enemy protege” and “worst enemy”, again regardless of their class position and social program.

Here is an interesting gallery of assessments of the most notable figures of Ukrainian history from the mid-17th century to the beginning of the 18th century, extracted from the 1st volume of the “History of the Ukrainian SSR”:

Ivan Vygovsky is a “dastardly traitor.”

Yuri Khmelnitsky is “worthless, a puppet in the hands of a pro-Polish group of Ukrainian feudal nobility,” and also “a Turkish protege and a man who betrayed the interests of the people.”

Pavlo Teterya is “a protégé and obedient agent of the Polish lords.”

Ivan Bryukhovetsky is a “demagogue,” according to other sources, a “traitor.”

Petro Doroshenko is a “Turkish protege”, a “traitor” who sought to “give Ukraine into slavery to the eternal enemies of the Ukrainian people - Sultan Turkey and the Crimean Khanate.”

Grigory Lisnitsky and Yuri Nemirich - “sought to tear Ukraine away from Russia and restore Polish-gentry domination.”

Kostya Gordienko is a “traitor” and a “demagogue.”

Ivan Mazepa is “a vile traitor who sold Ukraine to foreign enslavers” and “undertook to turn Left Bank Ukraine into a province of the Polish-gentry state”, who “helped the Swedes ruin and plunder Ukrainian lands”, “a supporter of gentry Poland hated by the Ukrainian people”, etc. .

This is how, being themselves genetic traitors, the Russians imposed the stamp that the traitors were Ukrainians.

Betrayal 2. Haidamaki. The popular uprising lasted more than 15 years, starting as a movement against the union and Catholicism in 1734, and later covered almost all of Ukraine from the Kiev region to the Carpathians. The movement, cruel in its essence, swept away the lord's estates, churches and monasteries in its path. The uprising had a clear national and religious overtones and was directed against feudal and national oppression, Polishization and for the unification of Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine.

Even after the liquidation of the Hetmanate and the defeat of the Sich by the tsarist troops, the people of Ukraine remembered their common faith and hoped for Russian support. Hopes for Russia were great. Not only the leader of the uprising Gaydamak, a former centurion, and later Colonel Verlan, but also his comrades-in-arms believed in helping Russia. There were rumors that there was a special royal decree on this matter.

However, hopes were not destined to come true. In 1750, the uprising engulfed the Kiev region and Podolia, but was brutally suppressed by Polish troops with the active support of Catherine II. This is how Russia “helped” its brothers in faith in Ukraine.

Betrayal 3. Koliivschina. But the Haidamaks were not completely broken. A swift and bloody uprising again unfolded in Right Bank Ukraine in 1768 against Polish magnates. The panshchina reached up to 5 days a week. There were more than enough social and national reasons for the uprising. The oppression and bullying of the masses has reached its peak. Poland actively pursued a policy of forced Catholicization of Ukrainians and Polonization. The uprising unfolded from the Kiev region to Podolia, Galicia and Volyn.

During the unfolding of the uprising, Moscow occupation troops were also present in Right Bank Ukraine. The rebels relied on the support of their Orthodox brothers.

In March 1768, detachments of Maxim Zaliznyak and Ivan Gonta captured Cherkassy, Kanev, Korsun, Boguslav and others. Polish troops resisted as best they could. But the chances of stopping the uprising were becoming less and less. And again the Russian leadership came to the aid of the Polish king. On June 27, General Krechetnikov’s corps unexpectedly surrounded the rebels near Uman and forced them to capitulate.

Gaydamak, the subjects of the Polish king were handed over to his soldiers - they were brutally tortured, hacked to death and destroyed in hundreds. The rebels, subjects of Russia, were branded on the spot, shackled and sent to hard labor in Siberia. This is how Russia “helped” the “brothers” in Ukraine in the fight against forced Catholicism and Polishization once again.

Betrayal 4. Imperial. Ukraine was not only a fertile land, but also actively participated in the socio-political life of Russia. Writers, artists, and military leaders originally from Ukraine did a lot for the benefit of the empire. The role of Ukrainians in the history of Russia is enormous.

In numerous wars in Crimea, the Caucasus, and Europe, Ukrainians shed a lot of blood, but Muscovites consider it all “Russian military glory.” For their services to the Russian Empire, the Ukrainian people were “generously thanked” - with serfdom, prohibitions, decrees, denial of their own culture and language.

Betrayal 5. Soviet. The revolution of 1905 changed a lot in the consciousness of the peoples of the Moscow Horde. The events of 1917-22 finally showed that a return to the “united Russia” model is no longer possible without taking into account the national characteristics of the territories.

The bloody war throughout Western, Central and Eastern Ukraine showed that national consciousness can no longer be simply “driven” and “crushed” with circulars and prohibitions. The Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries of Ukraine, and even former leaders of the UPR, realized that Ukraine’s destiny was not to be together, but in the neighborhood of Russia, but at the same time, the union with Russia was initially mistakenly seen as a confederation or as national autonomy. Lenin also understood the complexity of the situation. In order to stay in power, it was necessary to make serious concessions, and not only to Ukraine.

History repeats itself. Ukraine received self-government, broad national autonomy and even the right to foreign policy. The UPR was proclaimed, and many countries around the world began to recognize the Ukrainian Republic. But the UPR was suppressed by Muravyov’s hordes.

On February 12, 1921, representatives of the Ukrainian SSR signed the first peace treaty between Ukraine and Lithuania. On February 18, the Treaty of Riga was signed with Poland. Ukraine has established diplomatic relations with Latvia and Estonia. The 1922 agreement on friendship and cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey was of great importance.

The former leader of the UPR Vinnichenko naively believed in the sincerity of the intentions of the Russian Bolsheviks to recognize an independent Ukrainian SSR. He even returned to Kyiv. The Bolsheviks knew how to fool their brains.

We know well what happened next. The communists drowned the rise of national self-awareness in blood. There were Holodomors in the 1920s, 1932-33, and 1947. , bloody collectivization, repressions of 1937-39 (and for Ukrainians throughout the history of the USSR), NKVD terror in Western Ukraine after the war, deportations. An almost 50-year period of creeping Russification and total duping of the population according to the “Soviet type” has begun.

This is how the Russian Soviet government helped Ukraine to “self-determinate” once again after the Bolshevik coup of 1917.

Betrayal 6. Gas attack. We may recall that the oil and gas system of the USSR was created not by Russia, but by Ukraine, scientists from the Ivano-Frankivsk Institute of Oil and Gas (created before the Russian occupation) and Ukrainian specialists. After the war, Russian industry worked exclusively on Ukrainian gas for decades, and for free.

There are dozens, if not hundreds of ways to raise the price of any product many times over and do it professionally and competently. But this is the case if we are talking only about money for goods. Putin chose the most idiotic method for the simple reason that he needed more than just money - he needed the public effect of “bringing him to his knees,” he needed to show power, teach a lesson to all the rebellious and revel in the imaginary greatness and their own role in the fate of the neighboring people.

What happened? Growing understanding of Russia's true goals in relation to Ukraine among the majority of the Ukrainian population and the disappearance of illusions about Russia.

Russia has finally alienated Ukraine. The decline in Russia's image as a reliable and politically stable energy supplier not only in Europe, but also in the world. The growing importance of Ukraine for Europe as a major transit partner.

Even if Russia builds 2 more gas pipelines of the same volume as the Baltic, the share of European transit through Ukraine, taking into account the growth in consumption in Europe, will not fall below 60-65% in the next 30-50 years (today 80%).

Betrayal 7, but far from the last. Putinism and the blatant imposition of Rutskagamir in the form of the Taiga Union. This could be any aggression towards Ukraine from Russia. But, if at this moment unexpected events occur in Russia itself or in the global energy market, Russia will collapse.

Ukraine may be drawn into a big conflict, but it will not disintegrate for one reason - there is nothing to disintegrate - Ukraine is a mononational power. And in the event of problems in Russia itself and a deterioration in the economic or general political climate, separatism in Ukraine will die on its own, because inspired by Kremlin political strategists.

The national, social and political contradictions in Russia are enormous. The spring was compressed by Putin, but it did not break. In the event of a serious conflict, even with Ukraine, both external and internal forces will certainly take advantage of the contradictions in Russia.

The apparent calm “Putin style” is deceptive. The appointment of governors and heads of districts, Putin’s territorial reforms, which aim to mix up the national-geographic boundaries of peoples within the Russian Federation and, as it were, prevent their possible encroachment on autonomy and - outright self-deception.

After the default and crash of 1998, Russia was saved from collapse only by the rapid rise in oil and gas prices. And if not for this, Russia would hardly still exist within its modern borders.

Putin is “blinded” and is not aware of what is really happening around him. The latest aggression towards Ukraine against the European integration of Ukraine and support with all its might for the bandit regime of Yanukovych for Russia will result in suicide.

1626-1628 The ban on Ukrainian-Belarusian books in the Moscow state.
1626 p. Censorship of the works of Lavrenty Zizaniy in Moscow.
1627 By decree of the Tsar of Moscow Alexei Mikhailovich and his father Patriarch Filaret, it was ordered to collect books from the Ukrainian press and burn them
On October 1, 1652, two years before the Pereyaslav Rada, the Zemsky Sobor approved the decision to annex Ukraine to Muscovy. Therefore, the so-called voluntary accession or reunification had a completely non-voluntary background.
8(18).01.1654 Pereyaslav agreement with Muscovy. Acceptance of the “protection” of the Moscow Tsar. Rus'-Ukraine and Muscovy pledged to support one another in the fight against a common enemy - Poland.
03.21-27.1654 Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the Boyar Duma approved the so-called “Articles of Bogdan Khmelnitsky” (March Articles), which fixed the terms of the Chigirin-Moscow Treaty. The originals of these documents, like the Molotov-Rebbentrop Pact, have not survived.
1654 Almost immediately after B. Khmelnitsky’s treaty with Muscovy, the latter began to prohibit ordinary but still free people from wearing bright clothes and leather morocco boots, as this could negatively influence the enslaved Moscow “slaves”.
1654-1708 pp. Constant violation by Muscovy of the Pereyaslav Agreements with the aim of eliminating the autonomy of the Hetmanate. Bribery and pitting some elders against others, and Cossacks against elders.
1655 The Moscow army, moving towards Lviv, burned villages and towns along the road at a distance of 50-60 kilometers from the main route. One could understand that the “brother-liberators” had come.
1656 p. Just two years after the “reunification” there was a gross betrayal of Moscow. Fearing the strengthening of Ukraine, Moscow concluded a separate Vienna Peace Treaty with the Poles. The Tsar conveys to B. Khmelnitsky that he will “defend Poland, as it were, and his own fatherland with weapons” and demands that hostilities cease. If we talk about I. Mazepa’s betrayal, then there were still over forty years before that time. On the other hand, the readiness of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to “defend Poland with weapons, as it were, and his own fatherland” meant that if an alliance treaty was signed with Hetman B. Khmelnitsky, then, in modern language, the Moscow Tsar single-handedly denounced it. If this was the entry of Ukraine into Muscovy, then the tsar threatened to fight against himself.
1659 The Tsar sends a 100,000-strong army to Ukraine. With much smaller forces, Hetman I. Vygovsky smashes it to the ground. But in the internecine struggle, I. Vygovsky failed, which Moscow immediately took advantage of. Under the wire of Voivode Baratynsky, she organizes a persecution of the hetman’s adherents. “Prince Baratynsky, on the way to Kyiv, hanged 3,000 people, then massacred about fifteen thousand of the Ukrainian population in Ukraine, asked the Moscow Tsar to allow him to “carve and burn” all Ukrainians 150 miles around Kyiv.”
1665 Moscow forces Hetman I. Bryukhovetsky to hand over all the cities of Left Bank Ukraine to the rule of Moscow governors.
1667 Moscow prohibited Ukraine from selling its goods to other countries except Muscovy, but at its border it imposed a heavy duty on Ukrainian goods. Therefore, it was possible to talk about a “reunion”.
1667 Dismemberment of Ukraine as a result of the insidious betrayal of Moscow: having occupied almost all of Belarus and Lithuania with the help of Ukrainian troops, Moscow troops stopped further military actions that would have completed the complete expulsion of the Poles from Ukraine and concluded a separate Andrusov agreement with Poland and divided Ukraine along the Dnieper: Kiev, the Lands of the Zaporozhian Army and Left Bank Rus' passed to Muscovy, and the Right Bank to Poland. This process was completed by the so-called “Eternal Peace”.
1689 The Kyiv Lavra was forbidden to print books without Moscow patriarchal permission: “... he didn’t send it to us first, we would never dare to print such newly created books...”.
1672 “A strong order that people should not keep Polish or Latin printed books in their homes, but bring them and give them to the governor.”
1672 Deprivation of hetmanship and lifelong exile to distant Siberia. Mnogohrishny with the whole family and several “accomplices”. The main reason for the arrest was friendly relations with the enemy of Moscow P. Doroshenko.
1672 Arrest of the Zaporozhian Koshov Army I. Sirko. The arrested person was sent to Moscow, and from there to the city of Tobolsk in Siberia.
1677 Order of Patriarch Joachim to tear out pages “not similar to Moscow books” from Ukrainian books.
1683 Ukrainian architect J. Starchenko built a “refectory chamber” in the Simonov Monastery in Moscow, where the Ukrainian G. Dometsky was the archimandrite. The government sent G. Dometsky to the north because he “magnificently and smartly covered the Simonov Monastery with Latin things and praised Kyiv’s pachemary.”
1685 The abolition of the autonomous Ukrainian church and the establishment of control by the Moscow patriarch not only over the church, but also over the education and culture of Ukraine.
1687 Kolomatsky articles, under which Moscow obliged the hetman to take care of increasing marriages between Russians and Ukrainians.
1690 The Moscow Council cursed and condemned to destruction the works of Ukrainian writers of the 17th century. “Kiev new books” by Peter Mohyla, K. Starovetsky, P. Golyatovsky, L. Baranovich, A. Radivilovsky and others, since “Kiev books affirm Latin deceit.” imposing on them “a curse and anathema, not strictly and strictly, but also profusely.”
1693 Prohibition of Patriarch Andrian to bring Ukrainian books to Moscow.
1693 Letter from the Moscow Patriarch to the Kiev Pechersk Lavra banning the publication of any books in the Ukrainian language.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Moscow introduced an economic war against Ukraine in different directions.
1703-1720 Tens of thousands of Ukrainian Cossack peasants were forcibly taken to build St. Petersburg, 25 thousand died from disease in the swamps there.
1704 Suppression by Moscow troops of the anti-Polish uprising of Semyon Paliya in right-bank Ukraine, which was under the occupation of Poland.
1708 Administrative reform in Russia. On the territory of Ukraine, like the Russian ones, two provinces were formed, Kyiv and Azov.
1708 p. Mass destruction of Ukrainian villages and cities by Muscovites even before Hetman I. Mazepa's transition to the side of the Swedish king Charles XII.
1708 Destruction of the capital of the Hetmanate, Baturyn, by Moscow troops, who massacred all the city’s inhabitants and refugees (15 thousand), mainly women and children. The churches and the city were plundered and then burned. “Ukraine is drenched in blood, destroyed by robberies and reveals through a terrible picture of the barbarity of the victors,” the French ambassador reported to Paris.
1709-1734 Muscovy increased taxes in Ukraine by 400%. The tax on “smoke” (at home) in the Moscow region was 49 kopecks, in Ukraine 1 ruble. 25 kopecks
1709 Tsar Peter issued an order to execute every Cossack. The beginning of the destruction of the Sich. After the capture of the Sich, the Muscovites “... tore off the heads of our society, chopped off their necks on scaffolds, hanged them and inflicted other tyrant deaths, which were not even found in the reproach of the ancient tormentors - not only those from society, but also from the houses of dead monks they dug up , their heads were cut off, their skin was torn off and they were hanged,” wrote the witness, Koshevoy Stefanenko.
1709 Peter the Great ordered the number of students at the Kiev-Mohyla Academy to be reduced from 2000 to 161, and the best scientific forces were taken from Kyiv to Moscow. Among them were Innocent Gisel, Ioannikiy Galatovsky, Lazar Baranovich, Dmitry Rostovsky (Tuptalo), Stefan Yavorsky, Feofan Prokopovich, Simeon Polotsky and many others. They played a major role in the development of the cultural life of the then Muscovy. “The Ukrainians brought with them all their great culture, its influence was reflected in Moscow throughout life: buildings, drawing, clothing, singing, music, customs, law, literature and even the Moscow language itself. My whole life was structured in such a way that it became impossible to live without a Ukrainian. All kinds of artisans were taken from Ukraine” (I. Ogienko, “Ukrainian Culture”). “...The old Moscow culture died during the reign of Peter; and the culture that has lived and developed in Muscovy since that time is an organic continuation not of Moscow, but of Kyiv, Ukrainian culture,” Prince M. Trubetskoy later admitted.
1709 Decree on the mandatory censorship of Ukrainian books in Moscow.
1709 Decree of Peter I banning the printing of books in the Ukrainian language, and books printed in Church Slavonic should be verified with the Russian edition so that there is no difference in them.
1713 Muscovy, by order of Peter the Great, appropriates the name Russia. Thus, the Muscovites, always hostile to Rus'-Ukraine, whose basis were the Ugro-Finnish Ithuric tribes, substitute concepts and appropriate for themselves the historical and spiritual heritage of the Kyiv, Novgorod and other Russians. (The Greek name for Rus' sounds like “Russia”).
1716 Moscow banned Ukrainians from traveling to Europe for goods.
1718 Moscow banned the export of Ukrainian tobacco to Europe.
1718 p. Russian rulers, trying to destroy the historical memory of Ukrainians, burned the archives and collection of books of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery (materials had been collected for over 700 years), which withstood the invasions of the Mongols, Poles, Tatars, “... a numerous and ancient collection of books collected and enriched by the Grand Duke of Kiev Yaroslav Vladimirovich and preserved in caves from all enemy attacks and ruins, but now,... in the midst of prosperity and silence, devoured by flames. It preserved many thousands of handwritten and all sorts of precious manuscripts, written in different languages, and many of them were such that even the learned men of that time were not known, and especially all the notes and documents concerning the history of the rule of the Slavic tribes and kings concerned” (“History of the Rus” , art. 303-304, ed. 1956).
1720 Decree of Peter I banning the printing of any books in Little Russia except church books. Order of Tsar Peter I: “In the Kiev-Pechersk and Chernigov printing houses no books will be printed again... old books should be checked before printing, so that... there will be no special dialect in them.”
1720 Ban on exporting glass products to Europe.
In 1720, Peter I issued a decree to the Kyiv provincial prince Golitsyn to “... inspect and take away ancient letters of grant and other courteous original letters, as well as historical books, handwritten and printed, in all monasteries remaining in the Russian state.”
1721 Order on censorship of Ukrainian books. Fines imposed on Kyiv and Chernigov printing houses for books “not all similar to Great Russian ones.” Destruction of the Chernigov printing house.
1722-1727 First Little Russian Collegium. The staff consisted of 6 Russian officers and a prosecutor. The Collegium collected taxes into the tsarist treasury, stationed Russian troops in Ukraine, controlled the activities of the General Military Chancellery, etc.
04/29/1722 Left-Bank Ukraine was transferred from the department of the College of Foreign Affairs to the control of the Senate of Russia, which was aimed at further limiting self-government in Ukraine.
1722 Ban on bringing Western European products to Ukraine.
In fact, Ukrainian identity was partially destroyed and partially taken to Moscow, and in this sense, Muscovy to some extent absorbed the Kievan-Russian heritage. But the oppression of Ukrainians did not stop there. Here are two more official documents dating back to the 19th century.
Valuevsky circular - July 18, 1863.
“Taking into account, on the one hand, the present alarming state of society, agitated by political events, and on the other hand, bearing in mind that teaching literacy in local dialects has not yet received final legislative approval, the Minister of the Interior considered it necessary, pending an agreement with Minister of Public Education, Chief Prosecutor of St. synod and the chief of gendarmes regarding the printing of books in the Little Russian language, make an order to the censorship department so that only such works in this language that belong to the field of fine literature are allowed to be printed; the omission of books in the Little Russian language, both spiritual content and educational and generally assigned for the initial reading of the people, should be suspended. This order was submitted to the Highest Sovereign Emperor, and His Majesty was pleased to honor it with royal approval.”
Ems decree of ALEXANDER II, May 18, 1876, Ems
“In order to suppress the dangerous, from a state point of view, activity of Ukrainophiles, it would be appropriate to take, at the discretion of the following measures:
a) BY THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
I. Do not allow the import into the Empire, without special permission from the Main Directorate for Press Affairs, of any books published abroad in the Little Russian dialect.
2. To prohibit the printing in the Empire, in the same dialect, of any original works or translations...
3. To evenly prohibit all kinds of stage performances, texts for notes and public readings in the same dialect (as they currently have the character of Ukrainophile manifestations).
4. Support the newspaper “Slovo”, published in Galicia, in a direction hostile to Ukrainophiles, by assigning it at least a small but constant subsidy
5. Ban the newspaper “Kyiv Telegraph”
b) BY THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
6. Strengthen supervision on the part of local educational authorities to prevent the teaching of any subjects in the Little Russian dialect in primary schools.
7. Clear the libraries of all low and secondary schools in the Little Russian provinces of books and books prohibited by the 2nd paragraph of this project.
8. Pay serious attention to the personnel of teachers in the educational districts of Kharkov, Kiev and Odessa, demanding from the trustees of these districts a nominal list of teachers with a note on the reliability of each in relation to Ukrainophile tendencies and those marked as unreliable or questionable to be transferred to the Great Russian provinces, replacing them with natives of these latter .
9. In the future, the selection of persons for teaching positions in the designated districts shall be entrusted, in relation to the trustworthiness of these persons, to the strict responsibility of those representing their appointment, so that the responsibility referred to exists not only on paper, but also in reality.
10. Close for an indefinite period the Kiev Department of the Imperial Geographical Society (just as in the 1860s the Political-Economic Committee, which arose in the midst of the Statistical Department, was closed in the latter).
c) BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY'S OWN CHANCELLERY
11. Immediately expel Drahomanov and Chubinsky from the region, as incorrigible and positively dangerous agitators in the region” [Added to the region: “Export from the region with a ban on entry into the South. Lip. and the capital, under secret surveillance"].
1881 - ban on the use of the Ukrainian language in church sermons.
1888 - decree of Alexander III banning the use of the Ukrainian language in official institutions and the baptism of children with Ukrainian names.
1895 - ban on printing Ukrainian books for children.
1907 - the government liquidated the Ukrainian periodical press, confiscated Ukrainian literature published during the revolution (1905-1907), and began repressions against Ukrainian cultural figures.
1910 - P. Stolypin’s circular banning the creation of “foreign partnerships, including Ukrainian and Jewish ones, regardless of the goals they pursue.”
A “fruitful” year for repression was 1914, the year the First World War began: the tsarism banned the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of T. Shevchenko; Decree of Nicholas II banning the Ukrainian press; a ban in Galicia and Bukovina occupied by the Russian army from the use of the Ukrainian language, the printing of books and magazines in Ukrainian; the defeat of the Prosvita society; destruction of the library of the Scientific Society named after. T. Shevchenko; deportation of many thousands of conscientious Ukrainians to Siberia.
1918 - offensive celebration of “Defender of the Fatherland Day” on February 23, after the first volleys of German artillery, the red troops fled from the battlefield to the nearest railway station, seized a locomotive and a tank of alcohol, proceeded to Samara, where they drank and sold the alcohol, and then dispersed.
1922, having collected by the end of the year the agreements on the formation of the USSR agreed upon with the republics and approved, Moscow independently redid the text of the agreement, which officially began to operate on July 6, 1923.
1929-1930 - arrest and trial of 45 figures of Ukrainian science, literature, culture, UAOC - for belonging to the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine.
1932-1933 - organization of genocide - famine of Ukrainians.
1934-1941 - destruction of architectural and cultural monuments in Ukraine, arrest and execution of 80% of the national intelligentsia.
1941 - destruction of cities and villages, economic facilities, including water supply and sewage systems during the retreat by Soviet troops. Carrying out Stalin's task, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya burned her native huts in the rear, for which she was hanged by her fellow villagers. The advancing German troops helped to extinguish the village and did not have time to provide medical assistance.
1938 - resolution “On the compulsory study of the Russian language in the national republics of the USSR” and strengthening of the Russification of Ukraine according to a special decision of the XIV Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine.
1944 - deliberate increase in casualties of Ukrainian soldiers in the Soviet army by Zhukov.
1946 - liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church and its subordination to the Russian Orthodox Church.
1947 - organization of famine in rural areas of Ukraine.
1947 - L. Kaganovich carries out a new “purge” among cultural personnel accused of “Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism.”
1951 - devastating articles in the newspaper Pravda against “nationalist deviations in Ukrainian literature and art.”
1961 - the new program of the CPSU proclaimed the policy of “merger of nations” and further Russification of the union republics.
1964 - deliberate arson of the State Public Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
1978 - directive of the board of the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian SSR on “Improving the study of the Russian language in secondary schools of the republic.”
1983 - resolution of the CPSU Central Committee on strengthening the study of the Russian language in schools and the payment of a 16% bonus to the salaries of teachers of Russian language and literature (“Andropov Decree”) and the directive of the board of the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian SSR “Measures to improve the study of the Russian language in secondary schools, pedagogical educational institutions, preschool and out-of-school institutions of the republic."
1989 - resolution of the plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on the only official national language (of course, Russian) in the USSR.
1991 - theft of 100% of personal cash deposits from 100% of Ukrainian citizens.
.......
2010 - total malicious support by Russians for Yanukovych in the elections.
........
2013 illegal presence and criminal activities of the FSB in the fight against Maidan, repeated statements by the Russian side about planning the eviction of Ukrainians to Siberia.